{"slug":"all-warp-transform-tech","title":"风光后期所有形变的技法都全了","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2018-06-11","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247486965&idx=2&sn=a226859268b86774d7d74abfa49b3f9b&chksm=eb81f391dcf67a87648c30bff50b02a671e27f1ce7736568e8d0eecee0cb6f2c2e033184cf55&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"每周一篇干货，让摄影不再难学","b":false,"xe":"One practical tutorial a week — making photography easy to learn"},{"t":"p","x":"我是极影AX成员—miller姚明来。","b":false,"xe":"I'm AdventureX member miller姚明来."},{"t":"p","x":"这篇文章我会对风光摄影后期中所有景物形变的方法做一个汇总。","b":false,"xe":"In this article, I'll round up every method for warping and transforming scenery in landscape post-processing."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":999,"h":667},{"t":"h","x":"1.自由变换","xe":"1. Free Transform"},{"t":"h","x":"这是我使用频率最高的变形方法，也是非常实用和易于操作的技巧。","xe":"This is my most frequently used warping method — practical and easy to operate."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":867,"h":588},{"t":"p","x":"ps“编辑”栏下拉菜单中点击“自由变换”调出自由变换工具。通常用ctrl+t这个快捷键进行创建。","b":false,"xe":"In Photoshop, click \"Free Transform\" from the Edit menu. The shortcut Ctrl+T is the usual way to invoke it."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":1080,"h":983},{"t":"p","x":"接着鼠标右键点击图片调出菜单，选择“变形”功能","b":false,"xe":"Then right-click the image to bring up the menu and choose \"Warp.\""},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":720,"h":971},{"t":"p","x":"这时，图片上生成了矩形线框。我们可以通过拖动横竖线条来改变画面中元素的形状比例和大小。比如，我想让这座山峰更加尖耸，那么可以纵向拉伸画面中的横线条。","b":false,"xe":"A rectangular wireframe appears over the image. Drag the horizontal and vertical lines to change the shape, proportion, and size of elements. For example, to make a peak look sharper and taller, stretch the horizontal lines vertically."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":769,"h":992},{"t":"p","x":"这个工具能够对作用区域进行大刀阔斧的大幅度的变化。但是针对一些局部区域的小范围变化，我们可以配合选区工具使用。比如，只想对左侧卫峰进行拉伸。那么首先用矩形选框工具框选该区域。","b":false,"xe":"This tool handles bold, large-scale changes to the affected area. For small local tweaks, combine it with selection tools. For instance, to stretch only the secondary peak on the left, first select that area with the Rectangular Marquee."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":885,"h":661},{"t":"p","x":"接着，ctrl+t调出自由变换工具，然后右键点选变形功能","b":false,"xe":"Then press Ctrl+T for Free Transform, right-click, and choose Warp."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":1004,"h":781},{"t":"p","x":"拖动线框进行拉伸，让山形达到你想要的效果，最后点击enter确认应用","b":false,"xe":"Drag the wireframe to stretch the mountain into the shape you want, and press Enter to apply."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":655,"h":477},{"t":"p","x":"当用选区配合进行自由变换时，切记要注意的是不能拖动最外侧边框的四根线条，否则会出现图片的错位。","b":false,"xe":"When using Free Transform with a selection, never drag the four outermost border lines — that would misalign the image."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":636,"h":491},{"t":"p","x":"比如我在拉伸时不小心把最上方的横线条也弯曲了，那么就会出现下图这样画面错位的情况。","b":false,"xe":"For example, if I accidentally bend the topmost horizontal line while stretching, the frame gets misaligned like the image below."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":547,"h":465},{"t":"p","x":"自由变换功能不仅可以拉伸山体，让山峰更加高耸。而且还能压缩景物，重新调整优化构图的比例。","b":true,"xe":"Free Transform can not only stretch mountains to make peaks taller, but also compress scenery to re-balance the composition."},{"t":"p","x":"下图是一张没有调色仅仅做了基础拼合的图片","b":false,"xe":"The image below has only basic stitching, no color grading yet."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":670,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"我会发现当时拍摄的时候由于地势的原因，中景区域占比过大，而且是乱七八糟的石头会破坏画面前景和远景之间的衔接感。让画面中前远景显得有点松散。这时候，可以用矩形选框工具选中中景区域，进行压缩。","b":false,"xe":"Because of the terrain at capture time, the midground takes up too much of the frame, and the messy rocks break the visual connection between foreground and background, leaving the composition loose. Here I can select the midground with the Rectangular Marquee and compress it."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":594,"h":718},{"t":"p","x":"这样的操作，同时也会放大一部分靠近中景的花朵，一举两得。","b":false,"xe":"This operation also enlarges some of the flowers near the midground — two birds with one stone."},{"t":"h","x":"自由变换工具还能够改变前景的位置，让构图更加精准","xe":"Free Transform can also reposition the foreground for a more precise composition."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":823,"h":950},{"t":"p","x":"这张图片的引导线是前景的小溪流，溪流从左下角流淌向远方，但是我发现溪流出发的位置略微偏离了一点点。我可以不用裁剪，仅仅通过自由变换工具，让溪流出发的位置恰好位于画面左下角。","b":false,"xe":"The leading line of this image is the small foreground stream, flowing from the lower-left corner into the distance — but I noticed its starting point sits slightly off. Without cropping, I can use Free Transform to place the stream's origin exactly at the lower-left corner."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":781,"h":870},{"t":"p","x":"还是一样，框选想要调整的区域，接着进行变换拉伸","b":false,"xe":"As before, select the area you want to adjust, then transform and stretch it."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":637,"h":509},{"t":"p","x":"变换以后溪流的引导线刚好从左下角的格点处延伸出去。","b":false,"xe":"After transforming, the stream's leading line extends precisely from the lower-left grid point."},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":823,"h":950},{"t":"p","x":"利用自由变换工具还能进行很多的调整。所以，当你发现构图出现问题时，你可以不要急着先去裁剪进行二次构图，可以试试看用自由变换工具能否进行补救。","b":true,"xe":"Free Transform enables many more adjustments. So when you spot a composition problem, don't rush to crop — try whether Free Transform can rescue it first."},{"t":"h","x":"2.透视变形","xe":"2. Perspective Warp"},{"t":"p","x":"在ps“编辑”栏下拉菜单中点击“透视变形”调出透视变形工具","b":false,"xe":"Click \"Perspective Warp\" from Photoshop's Edit menu to invoke the tool."},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":544,"h":450},{"t":"p","x":"可能，有同学ps中“透视变形”这个功能是灰色无法使用的。那么“编辑”—“首选项”—“性能”，勾选“使用图形处理器”，并且在“高级设置”中将“绘制模式”设为“高级”。最后勾选“使用图形处理器加速计算”。这样，透视变形这个功能就被激活了。","b":false,"xe":"Some of you may find \"Perspective Warp\" grayed out. Go to Edit - Preferences - Performance, check \"Use Graphics Processor,\" set Drawing Mode to \"Advanced\" in Advanced Settings, and check \"Use GPU for computation.\" That activates Perspective Warp."},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":882,"h":507},{"t":"p","x":"首先拉出矩形框铺满整个画面，矩形框铺的越多，那么调整的精度以及可调整的点也就越大","b":false,"xe":"First, drag rectangular frames to cover the whole image — the more frames you lay out, the higher the adjustment precision and the more control points you get."},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":850,"h":973},{"t":"p","x":"然后切换到上方的“变形”面板","b":false,"xe":"Then switch to the \"Warp\" panel on top."},{"t":"img","f":"img-22","w":877,"h":815},{"t":"p","x":"通过拖动操控每个格点，画面的元素比例就会改变。比如我想让山体变得更加高大，那么就将山体区域的格点向上拖动。","b":false,"xe":"Drag individual grid points to reshape elements. To make the mountain taller, for example, drag the grid points in the mountain area upward."},{"t":"img","f":"img-23","w":610,"h":699},{"t":"p","x":"最后点击键盘“enter”键，应用效果。","b":false,"xe":"Finally, press Enter to apply the effect."},{"t":"p","x":"对于画面大面积的形状改变，我更倾向于用“透视变形”这个工具。因为变形起来更加可控，而且效果也更加明显。","b":true,"xe":"For large-scale reshaping, I prefer Perspective Warp — it's more controllable and the effect is more pronounced."},{"t":"h","x":"3.液化","xe":"3. Liquify"},{"t":"p","x":"“液化”这个功能大家应该非常熟悉，最常用于人像摄影，我会用液化这个功能进行小细节的调整，而大面积的变形处理不能用液化功能，否则会破坏像素和画质，听说照片输出打印出来会出现一些很可怕的情况。","b":true,"xe":"Everyone knows Liquify — it's most common in portrait work. I use it only for small detail tweaks; large-scale warping with Liquify destroys pixels and image quality, and I've heard prints can come out terrifying."},{"t":"img","f":"img-24","w":774,"h":486},{"t":"p","x":"在ps上方“滤镜”一栏中选择“液化”，打开液化面板。比如我想调整山峰上方云朵的形状，那么可以用液化功能去进行变形","b":false,"xe":"Choose \"Liquify\" from the Filter menu at the top of PS to open the panel. To adjust the shape of the clouds above the peak, for example, Liquify does the job."},{"t":"img","f":"img-25","w":705,"h":217},{"t":"p","x":"液化功能能做到前面两种方法都无法做到的精细的形状调整，但是切记不能大面积的去使用，只能用于细节处理。","b":true,"xe":"Liquify achieves finer shape adjustments than the previous two methods — but remember: never use it on large areas, details only."},{"t":"h","x":"4.焦段合成","xe":"4. Focal-Length Blending"},{"t":"p","x":"当我们用广角拍摄那种包含前景的图片时，因为镜头离前景非常近，前景会因为广角镜头的畸变而放大，而同时远景会被缩小，而焦段合成这个技术就能弥补超广角拍摄时镜头带来的视差，让远景重新变大。","b":true,"xe":"When shooting with a wide-angle lens and a close foreground, lens distortion magnifies the foreground while shrinking the distance. Focal-length blending compensates for this ultra-wide parallax and restores the background's grandeur."},{"t":"img","f":"img-26","w":661,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"上图是我用16-35的16端拍摄的，因为镜头贴的足够近，所以前景不起眼的野花被放大的很厉害。但远景雄伟的山峰却被压缩的很小，失去了气势。","b":false,"xe":"The image above was shot at 16mm on a 16-35 lens. Because the lens was close enough, the unremarkable foreground wildflowers are hugely magnified — while the majestic distant peak is compressed into insignificance."},{"t":"p","x":"所以，我用35端又拍摄了下面这张雪山正常大小的图片","b":false,"xe":"So I shot a second frame at 35mm with the snow mountain at its proper size."},{"t":"img","f":"img-27","w":666,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"接着将两图在中景区域进行融合衔接：","b":false,"xe":"Then blend the two frames in the midground:"},{"t":"h","x":"焦段合成是一种非常有争议的技术，应该酌情以及适度的使用。","xe":"Focal-length blending is a controversial technique — use it judiciously and in moderation."},{"t":"img","f":"img-28","w":640,"h":12},{"t":"h","x":"以上的这些变形的技巧，希望给大家一点启发，也希望大家能够合理的运用。","xe":"I hope these warping techniques inspire you — and that you apply them sensibly."},{"t":"h","x":"图虫，知乎，500px，微博ID：","xe":"Tuchong / Zhihu / 500px / Weibo ID:"},{"t":"h","x":"miller姚明来","xe":"miller姚明来"}],"titleEn":"Every Warp and Transform Technique for Landscape Post-Processing"}