{"slug":"aurora-photography-guide","title":"这里有一份详细的极光拍摄攻略，果断收藏！","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2018-10-17","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247487458&idx=1&sn=5ceb83b213ab6f7b455548cbcffb5015&chksm=eb81f186dcf678909fdbf0161ecaba4d6219dba66285647860ef2643cd7beadc50555724c53a&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"每周一篇教程，让摄影不再难学","b":false,"xe":"One tutorial a week — making photography easy to learn"},{"t":"p","x":"我是极影AX摄影师朱静姝 (Jingshu Zhu)","b":false,"xe":"I'm AdventureX photographer Jingshu Zhu"},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":683,"h":1024},{"t":"p","x":"极光（Aurora）是指在地球南北两极附近的高磁纬地区上空，夜间出现的灿烂美丽的光辉。它可谓自然界中最神奇的景观之一，样貌绮丽无比，五彩缤纷。人类的语言描绘极光往往是语竭词穷，任何词汇都不足以描绘极光的震撼和美妙，每个热爱大自然的人都希望有生之年能够一睹欧若拉女神的芳容。","b":false,"xe":"The aurora is the brilliant, beautiful glow that appears at night in the high-magnetic-latitude skies near Earth's two poles. One of nature's most magical spectacles — gorgeous beyond compare, in a riot of colors. Human language falls helplessly short of describing its awe and beauty; everyone who loves nature hopes to behold the goddess Aurora in their lifetime."},{"t":"p","x":"许多世纪以来这种南北极地区特有的大气发光现象，一直是人们猜测和探索的天象之谜。随着现代科学的发展，使人类能够对它作出科学的解释。","b":false,"xe":"For centuries, this atmospheric glow unique to the polar regions remained a celestial mystery of speculation and exploration. Modern science has finally given us a sound explanation."},{"t":"p","x":"极光是由于来自地球磁层和太阳的高能带电粒子流，使高层大气分子或原子激发（或电离）而产生。 根据出现的地理位置不同，分为南极光和北极光。","b":false,"xe":"The aurora is produced when high-energy charged particles from Earth's magnetosphere and the sun excite (or ionize) molecules and atoms in the upper atmosphere. By location, it divides into the southern and northern auroras."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":1080,"h":608},{"t":"p","x":"随着越来越多的摄影爱好者造访北欧及北美各国，拍摄极光已不再神秘。但是经常遇到美丽的极光就在眼前，拍出的照片却是一片漆黑的情况。针对这个问题，我推出了极光教程上下篇：（本文整合在了一起）","b":false,"xe":"As more and more photography enthusiasts visit Northern Europe and North America, aurora photography is no longer mysterious. Yet it often happens that a beautiful aurora dances right overhead while the photos come out pitch black. To solve this, I created a two-part aurora tutorial (combined into one article here):"},{"t":"p","x":"上篇：极光拍摄教程","b":false,"xe":"Part 1: How to Photograph the Aurora"},{"t":"p","x":"上篇将从以下四个方面详细介绍拍摄极光的技巧，例图全部为笔者在北欧地区拍摄。","b":false,"xe":"Part 1 covers four aspects in detail; all example images were shot by me in Northern Europe."},{"t":"h","x":"拍摄地点","xe":"Where to Go"},{"t":"h","x":"观测条件","xe":"Viewing Conditions"},{"t":"h","x":"拍摄器材","xe":"Gear"},{"t":"h","x":"拍摄技法","xe":"Shooting Technique"},{"t":"p","x":"1","b":false,"xe":"1"},{"t":"p","x":"拍摄地点","b":false,"xe":"Where to Go"},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":800,"h":559},{"t":"p","x":"极光出现的地方是在南北纬度67度附近的两个环带状区域内，观测极光要选择在北极圈和南极圈附近。但并不是越接近极点极光越强，处在极光圈内的地区才是最佳观测点。南极光主要出现在南极洲，虽然新西兰南岛和澳大利亚的塔州也有机会观测到，但极光强度较低而且出现几率并不高。","b":false,"xe":"Auroras occur in two ring-shaped bands near 67° latitude north and south, so viewing means traveling to the Arctic or Antarctic circle regions. But stronger isn't simply closer to the pole: the best viewing points lie within the 'auroral oval'. The southern aurora mainly appears over Antarctica; New Zealand's South Island and Australia's Tasmania do get chances, but with weaker intensity and lower probability."},{"t":"p","x":"由于观测南极光的难度较大，目前拍摄极光基本上可以默认为是指北极光。集中在阿拉斯加、北加拿大、西伯利亚、格陵兰、和北欧的冰岛、挪威、芬兰、瑞典等。极光大爆发的时候，我国最北端的黑龙江省漠河地区也曾出现过，但是概率低，极为罕见。","b":false,"xe":"Because the southern aurora is hard to reach, aurora photography effectively means the northern lights: Alaska, northern Canada, Siberia, Greenland, and in Northern Europe — Iceland, Norway, Finland and Sweden. During major storms, the aurora has even appeared over Mohe, China's northernmost county in Heilongjiang — but with very low probability, extremely rare."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":800,"h":800},{"t":"p","x":"北半球极光预测示意图","b":false,"xe":"Northern Hemisphere aurora forecast map"},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":800,"h":784},{"t":"p","x":"南半球极光预测示意图","b":false,"xe":"Southern Hemisphere aurora forecast map"},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":800,"h":452},{"t":"p","x":"对比图可见南极光的覆盖区域只有南极洲","b":false,"xe":"The comparison shows the southern aurora covers only Antarctica."},{"t":"p","x":"相比北美洲零下三十度的酷寒气候，北欧一些观测地区的气候较为舒适。冰岛是唯一全境都处在极光带上的国家，冬季最低平均气温只有零下二三度，比较温和。挪威北部的 Tromsø 是北极圈内最大的城市，长年都在极光带上，观赏极光的配套设施非常完善，也是绝佳的拍摄地。","b":false,"xe":"Compared to North America's −30°C deep freeze, some Nordic viewing areas are more comfortable. Iceland is the only country lying entirely within the auroral zone, with average winter lows of just −2 to −3°C — quite mild. Tromsø in northern Norway, the largest city inside the Arctic Circle, sits in the auroral zone year-round with excellent viewing infrastructure — also a superb shooting base."},{"t":"p","x":"2","b":false,"xe":"2"},{"t":"p","x":"观测条件","b":false,"xe":"Viewing Conditions"},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":800,"h":532},{"t":"p","x":"即使去到极光带区域，也并不意味着肯定会看到极光。这里有季节、极光指数和天气三个因素。","b":false,"xe":"Even reaching the auroral zone doesn't guarantee a sighting. Three factors matter: season, aurora index, and weather."},{"t":"p","x":"其实极光一年四季都有，但是由于夏季的极昼和黑夜时长很短，能看到的机会不多，每年的十月到转年的三月间是观测极光的最佳季节。当然也有特例，我的朋友去年八月在冰岛赶上极光大爆发，这种运气是可遇不可求的。","b":false,"xe":"Auroras actually occur year-round, but the midnight sun and short nights of summer leave few chances to see them. October through March is the best season. Exceptions exist: a friend caught a major storm in Iceland last August — luck like that can't be chased, only met."},{"t":"p","x":"虽然极光可能在任何时间发生，但晚上9点至凌晨2点通常是黄金观赏时间。拍摄极光要先查询极光指数（KP），KP分为10级，KP=9时极光最强，覆盖的范围最大，KP=0时极光最弱，覆盖的范围最小。一般规律是三级和三级以上的极光，是肉眼清晰可见的。","b":false,"xe":"Though auroras can occur anytime, 9 p.m. to 2 a.m. is usually prime time. Before shooting, check the KP index: it runs 0-9, where KP 9 is strongest with the widest coverage and KP 0 the weakest. As a rule of thumb, KP 3 and above is visible to the naked eye."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":800,"h":698},{"t":"p","x":"上张图显示出在欧洲各国，肉眼可见极光所需KP指数。例如，2-3级在冰岛可见，由于挪威/瑞典/芬兰国土狭长，2-3级的极光在北部地区可见，而南部地区则需等到3-5级才能观测到。再往南部的国家只有在7-8级左右极光大爆发时才有可能看到，几率极小。","b":false,"xe":"The chart above shows the KP needed for naked-eye visibility across Europe. For example: KP 2-3 suffices in Iceland; since Norway/Sweden/Finland are long and narrow, KP 2-3 works in their north while the south needs KP 3-5; countries further south may only see it during KP 7-8 storms — a slim chance."},{"t":"p","x":"极光的强度可参阅极光预报的网站：","b":false,"xe":"For aurora intensity, consult these forecast sites:"},{"t":"p","x":"http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/","b":false,"xe":"http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/"},{"t":"p","x":"北美地区：","b":false,"xe":"North America:"},{"t":"p","x":"http://www.aurora-service.org/","b":false,"xe":"http://www.aurora-service.org/"},{"t":"p","x":"北欧地区：","b":false,"xe":"Northern Europe:"},{"t":"p","x":"http://www.aurora-service.eu/","b":false,"xe":"http://www.aurora-service.eu/"},{"t":"p","x":"或参考当地网站，预报更为准确些。网站均会显示出未来三天和一小时之内的极光指数预测。","b":false,"xe":"Or check local sites for more accurate forecasts. These sites show predictions for the next three days and the coming hour."},{"t":"p","x":"也可下载手机APP查询， 如Aurora Fcst, Aurora Now等。","b":false,"xe":"You can also check mobile apps like Aurora Fcst and Aurora Now."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":780,"h":1098},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":800,"h":266},{"t":"p","x":"天气也是直接影响极光观测的重要因素，必须是晴朗或少云的夜空，赶上雨雪天气，天空厚厚的云层，再美的极光也是看不到。","b":false,"xe":"Weather is another decisive factor: the night sky must be clear or nearly so. In rain or snow, thick cloud hides even the most beautiful aurora."},{"t":"p","x":"拍摄极光很多时候是漫长的等待，需要极大的耐心和毅力。当你等待在茫茫雪野中饥寒交迫的时候，不知道要再等待多久，疲惫和绝望消磨着你的意志，但这时极光就可能毫无预兆的出现在你眼前，忽然之间幽幽绿光盘旋跳跃，如漫舞的飘带在夜幕中拉开帷幕，这样的景象会令人恍惚，仿佛置身于梦境。这种极度绝望后的巨大幸福感是上天给摄影师最好的礼物。","b":false,"xe":"Aurora photography often means long waiting, demanding enormous patience and perseverance. Waiting hungry and freezing in a boundless snowfield, not knowing how much longer, fatigue and despair grinding down your will — and then the aurora may appear without warning: faint green light spiraling and leaping like dancing ribbons drawing back the curtain of night. The sight leaves you entranced, as if inside a dream. That immense happiness after utter despair is heaven's best gift to a photographer."},{"t":"p","x":"3","b":false,"xe":"3"},{"t":"p","x":"拍摄器材","b":false,"xe":"Gear"},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":800,"h":533},{"t":"p","x":"拍摄极光所用到的器材和拍摄星空一致：","b":false,"xe":"Aurora gear is the same as for astrophotography:"},{"t":"p","x":"相机：高感性能出色的全画幅相机","b":false,"xe":"Camera: a full-frame body with excellent high-ISO performance"},{"t":"p","x":"镜头：大光圈超广角镜头","b":false,"xe":"Lens: a fast ultra-wide"},{"t":"p","x":"附件：三脚架，快门线，头灯，备用电池，御寒衣物等","b":false,"xe":"Accessories: tripod, shutter release, headlamp, spare batteries, cold-proof clothing, etc."},{"t":"p","x":"需要强调的是在低温环境下相机耗电快，致使电池的使用时间变短，所以备用电池非常重要。当夜空中极光飞舞，而你的相机没电了，这时只能望天兴叹，留下巨大的遗憾。穿着的衣物要确保御寒，足够的保暖可以让你在极度寒冷的环境中多支撑一阵。","b":false,"xe":"Emphasis: in the cold, cameras drain batteries fast, so spares are crucial. When the aurora dances and your camera dies, you can only sigh at the sky — a huge regret. Dress warm enough to endure the deep cold a while longer."},{"t":"p","x":"4","b":false,"xe":"4"},{"t":"p","x":"拍摄技术","b":false,"xe":"Shooting Technique"},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":553,"h":120},{"t":"h","x":"参数","xe":"Settings"},{"t":"p","x":"▲▲▲","b":false,"xe":"▲▲▲"},{"t":"p","x":"拍摄极光的参数没有一个固定组合，这和环境光以及极光指数有密切关系。基本组合是高ISO，大光圈，快门速度根据极光的变化情况从1秒到30秒都有可能，但通常会控制在10秒之内以捕捉极光的形态。普遍规律是当极光指数在KP3以下时，变化较为缓慢；而当指数达到KP5 以上时，极光在夜幕中跳跃舞动，几秒钟会有千变万化的形态，这时需要2-5秒的快门速度才可纪录极光的形态，如果有幸遇到KP7指数， 极光有如漫天烟花，可能曝光时间要控制在1-2秒之内。以上参数只能当做参考，极光变化莫测，遇到漫天飞舞的极光要根据当时情况及时调整快门速度。","b":false,"xe":"There's no fixed setting combination for auroras — it closely depends on ambient light and the KP index. The baseline is high ISO and a wide aperture; shutter speeds range from 1 to 30 seconds depending on how fast the aurora moves, usually kept under 10 seconds to capture its shapes. The general rule: below KP 3, the aurora changes slowly; at KP 5 and above, it leaps and dances across the sky with kaleidoscopic changes in seconds, needing 2-5 s shutters to record its form; at a lucky KP 7, with the sky bursting like fireworks, you may need 1-2 s. These are only references — the aurora is fickle, so adjust the shutter to the moment."},{"t":"p","x":"虽然同样是暗光环境，但是由于极光也是一种照在地面上的光源，拍摄环境会比拍摄银河稍微明亮些，ISO800-6400都有可能，要根据环境光以及所需快门速度来调整。","b":false,"xe":"Though it's a low-light environment like astrophotography, the aurora itself is also a light source cast on the ground, so the scene is slightly brighter than a Milky Way shoot. ISO 800-6400 are all possible — adjust to the ambient light and your required shutter speed."},{"t":"h","x":"对焦","xe":"Focusing"},{"t":"p","x":"▲▲▲","b":false,"xe":"▲▲▲"},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":800,"h":533},{"t":"p","x":"在黑暗的环境中相机不能完成自动对焦，摄影极光要转换成手动对焦模式，打开实时取景把图像放大，调节对焦环，直到成像清晰。如果从显示屏看不清楚细节，可以用头灯照亮前景帮助对焦。","b":false,"xe":"Autofocus fails in the dark. Switch to manual focus, open live view, magnify the image, and turn the focus ring until sharp. If you can't make out details on the screen, light the foreground with your headlamp to aid focusing."},{"t":"p","x":"大光圈拍摄的弱光环境下，如果前景很近，单张拍摄很难满足景深的需求。可以利用景深合成解决这个问题，分别对焦天空和前景拍摄两张照片，后期各取两张图片中清晰的部分在Photoshop中合成。","b":false,"xe":"With a close foreground in low light at a wide aperture, a single frame can't deliver enough depth of field. Solve it with focus stacking: shoot one frame focused on the sky and one on the foreground, then blend the sharp parts of each in Photoshop."},{"t":"h","x":"构图","xe":"Composition"},{"t":"p","x":"▲▲▲","b":false,"xe":"▲▲▲"},{"t":"p","x":"地景在很大程度上影响着照片的成败，和星空摄影是一样的道理，极光要有地面景物来衬托。只有极光的照片属于旅行者视角，只能说纪录了那一刻的天象。地景的选择要随机应变就地取材，山峰、瀑布、岩石、树木、房子都可用来衬托极光之美。","b":false,"xe":"The landscape largely decides a photo's success — same as in astrophotography: the aurora needs earthly scenery to set it off. An aurora-only photo is a tourist's view, merely recording that moment's sky. Choose your foreground adaptively from what's there: peaks, waterfalls, rocks, trees, houses can all set off the aurora's beauty."},{"t":"p","x":"与拍摄银河不同的是，极光出现的方位是未知的，可能出现在天空中的任何位置，而且变化莫测，非常考验摄影师的构图基本功和临场应变能力。所以最好在白天提前到现场勘查，找好不同方向的前景，做好前期功课才能更好地随机应变，机会总是留给有准备的人。","b":false,"xe":"Unlike the Milky Way, the aurora's position is unknown — it can appear anywhere in the sky and change unpredictably, severely testing your compositional fundamentals and improvisation. So scout the location in daylight: find foregrounds facing different directions. Homework done in advance lets you adapt on the spot — opportunity favors the prepared."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":800,"h":446},{"t":"p","x":"《雪山与极光》摄于挪威罗佛敦群岛的Reine, 那晚在冰天雪地中坚守了三个小时，身体冻得越来越僵硬，绝望中遥望夜空山顶的附近忽然好像有荧光闪闪，直到越发清晰，飞舞的极光就这样盘旋在山头，轻盈飘荡，如入幻境。 黑色的夜空像一块巨大的幕布，极光女神在此独舞，醉天醉地。在空灵的雪野中望着这变幻极致的光影，虚幻又真实，使得所有的坚持和忍耐都变成一张稀世的入场券，这是上天给我执着等待的奖赏。","b":false,"xe":"'Snow Mountain and Aurora', shot in Reine, Lofoten, Norway. That night I held out three hours in ice and snow, body growing stiff, despairing — when suddenly, near the summit, there seemed to be a fluorescent shimmer. It grew clearer: the dancing aurora spiraled right above the peak, light and floating, like entering a dreamscape. The black night sky was a giant curtain on which the goddess Aurora danced alone, intoxicating sky and earth. Watching this ultimate play of light over the ethereal snowfield — unreal yet real — turned all the persistence and endurance into a rare admission ticket: heaven's reward for my stubborn waiting."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":800,"h":526},{"t":"p","x":"众神瀑布（Godafoss）位于冰岛北部米湖地热区（Bárðardalur）, 是Skjalfandafljot冰川河上三个瀑布中最有名的一个。瀑布呈弧形，水声震耳欲聋，就仿佛众神在耳边咆哮。拍摄时我曾考虑是站在瀑布上方取景，还是走到瀑布下方拍摄。因为上方离瀑布太近，导致镜头蒙上了极重的水汽，而且脚下站位也很危险，都是冰雪，稍不留神就会滑下去。","b":false,"xe":"Godafoss ('Waterfall of the Gods') lies in the Mývatn geothermal area (Bárðardalur) of northern Iceland, the most famous of three falls on the glacial river Skjálfandafljót. Arc-shaped, its roar is deafening, as if the gods were bellowing by your ear. While shooting, I debated framing from above the falls or going below: from above I was too close — heavy spray coated the lens, and the icy footing was dangerous, one careless step from a slide down."},{"t":"p","x":"就在我犹豫不决的时候，在天边极近瀑布的地方出现了一条带状的荧光闪动，位置恰恰与瀑布平行。我即时决定不采用极光占大面积画面的传统构图，果断放弃了天空中前上方的极光，只取天边的那一条横向极光，而留下更多的空间给瀑布，这样既可以充分展示瀑布的形态，又可以留有想象的空间，那有如一条绿丝带的极光起到点到为止的作用，让读者自己去想象夜空的美丽。","b":false,"xe":"While I hesitated, a band of fluorescent light appeared at the horizon right beside the falls, exactly parallel to them. I instantly abandoned the traditional composition where the aurora fills most of the frame, giving up the aurora overhead to keep only that horizontal band at the horizon, leaving more room for the waterfall. This both shows the falls' full form and leaves imaginative space — the green-ribbon aurora is a mere hint, letting readers imagine the night sky's beauty themselves."},{"t":"p","x":"拍摄极光有时也是技术加运气，如果我当时转到瀑布下方拍摄，由于位置和朝向不同，拍不到条状极光的构图。","b":false,"xe":"Aurora photography is technique plus luck: had I moved below the falls, the different position and orientation would have made the ribbon composition impossible."},{"t":"h","x":"降噪","xe":"Noise Reduction"},{"t":"p","x":"▲▲▲","b":false,"xe":"▲▲▲"},{"t":"p","x":"由于极光的多变性，几乎在每一张照片中呈现的形态都有所不同，所以天空无法用堆栈降噪。可将 Adobe Camera Raw (ACR) 或 Lightroom中的明度降噪和Photoshop中的插件降噪相结合。","b":false,"xe":"Because the aurora's shape differs in nearly every frame, the sky can't be stacked for noise reduction. Combine luminance noise reduction in Adobe Camera Raw (ACR) or Lightroom with plugin noise reduction in Photoshop."},{"t":"p","x":"地面的情况稍微复杂，感光度不是很高的情况下，上面两种降噪方式也可以得到较为干净的画面。如果高ISO，可以前期拍摄4-8张，后期在Photoshop利用多张平均值堆栈，对地面部分降噪提高画质。","b":false,"xe":"The ground is slightly more complex: at moderate ISO, the same two methods yield a fairly clean image. At high ISO, shoot 4-8 frames on location and average-stack the ground portion in Photoshop to reduce noise and improve quality."},{"t":"p","x":"下篇：极光预测及拍摄实例分析","b":false,"xe":"Part 2: Aurora Forecasting & Case Studies"},{"t":"p","x":"接下来的下篇，我将以案例的形式。从预测软件、预测实例、实地踩点、现场拍摄四个方面详细讲述。","b":false,"xe":"In Part 2, I'll use a case-study format, covering forecast software, a forecast example, location scouting and the on-site shoot."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":200,"h":269},{"t":"p","x":"时隔两年，2018年3月我又一次来到冰岛，再次造访冰与火的国度，心心念的当然还是欧若拉女神，不知幸运能否再次降临。","b":false,"xe":"Two years later, in March 2018, I returned to Iceland — the land of ice and fire — with the goddess Aurora again on my mind, wondering whether luck would strike twice."},{"t":"h","x":"1","xe":"1"},{"t":"h","x":"预测软件","xe":"Forecast Software"},{"t":"p","x":"准确的预测是成功拍摄极光的前提条件，基于两年前北欧行摄经验，这次提前在手机里下载了三个极光预测APP：Aurora、AuroraNow、Aurora Fcst，以便可以随时查询。这三个APP都是免费的，经过整个行程的测试，个人体验是Aurora Fcst 查看极光走势和区域较为直观，AuroraNow的最近两天分时段KP值、即时KP指数和一小时内的预测最为方便，Aurora的即时KP指数和短期预测非常准确。通常我是同时查询Aurora和AuroraNow，再结合天气预报，能得出较为准确地预判。","b":false,"xe":"Accurate forecasting is the prerequisite of a successful aurora shoot. Drawing on my Nordic experience from two years earlier, I downloaded three aurora apps in advance — Aurora, AuroraNow and Aurora Fcst — all free. After a whole trip of testing: Aurora Fcst shows aurora trends and coverage most intuitively; AuroraNow is handiest for hour-by-hour KP values over the next two days, current KP and one-hour forecasts; Aurora's current KP and short-term forecasts are very accurate. I usually cross-check Aurora and AuroraNow together, then combine with the weather forecast for a fairly reliable prediction."},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":1080,"h":1258},{"t":"p","x":"每晚回到住处，我也会通过下面两个网站查询极光预测情况，但是如果想随时查看的话，还是手机上的APP更为方便。","b":false,"xe":"Back at our lodging each night, I also checked these two websites — but for checking on the go, the phone apps are more convenient."},{"t":"p","x":"http://www.aurora-service.eu/aurora-forecast/","b":false,"xe":"http://www.aurora-service.eu/aurora-forecast/"},{"t":"p","x":"http://en.vedur.is/weather/forecasts/aurora/","b":false,"xe":"http://en.vedur.is/weather/forecasts/aurora/"},{"t":"h","x":"2","xe":"2"},{"t":"h","x":"预测实例","xe":"A Forecast Example"},{"t":"p","x":"3月8日，通过AuroraNow 的三天分时段KP值预测，查到第二天 (3月9日) 晚上和第三天 (3月10日) 凌晨的极光指数为4级，Aurora Fcst 显示极光区域覆盖冰岛全岛，天气预报为晴朗无云。3月9日下午再次查询时，所有预测指数未变，于是做好当晚拍摄极光的准备。","b":false,"xe":"On March 8, AuroraNow's three-day hourly KP forecast showed KP 4 for the night of the 9th and the early hours of the 10th; Aurora Fcst showed the auroral zone covering all of Iceland; the weather forecast was clear and cloudless. Checking again on the afternoon of the 9th, all indices were unchanged — so I prepared to shoot that night."},{"t":"p","x":"极光APP的各项预测指数及图例如下：","b":false,"xe":"The aurora apps' various indices and charts:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":918,"h":1592},{"t":"p","x":"Aurora Fcst 显示极光区域覆盖冰岛全岛","b":false,"xe":"Aurora Fcst shows the auroral zone covering all of Iceland"},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":906,"h":1592},{"t":"p","x":"AuroraNow的分时段预测显示9日晚和10日凌晨KP值：4","b":false,"xe":"AuroraNow's hourly forecast: KP 4 on the night of the 9th and early 10th"},{"t":"h","x":"3","xe":"3"},{"t":"h","x":"实地踩点","xe":"Location Scouting"},{"t":"p","x":"由于当天月落时间为上午10：04, 月出要等到转天早上4：50, 这就意味着整晚天空中是没有月亮的。没有月光的照明，晚上必然是漆黑一片，这就需要对拍摄点提前熟悉。是日下午的拍摄计划是冰岛南部的蝙蝠山 (Vestrahorn) 日落, 所以当晚的极光拍摄也定在这里，这样拍摄日落的同时就可以踩点，为夜晚的极光拍摄做好准备。","b":false,"xe":"That day the moon set at 10:04 a.m. and wouldn't rise until 4:50 the next morning — meaning a moonless, pitch-black night. That made advance familiarity with the location essential. The afternoon plan was sunset at Vestrahorn (Batman Mountain) in southern Iceland, so the night's aurora shoot was set there too: scouting while shooting sunset, fully preparing for the night."},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":1080,"h":720},{"t":"p","x":"拍摄完日落，离天完全黑下来还有一个多小时的时间。蝙蝠山的所在地霍芬(Höfn)，是冰岛著名的龙虾产地，所以又有龙虾镇的美称。队员们决定趁这个时间去品尝美食，但摄影师终归还是心系极光，吃饭的同时不忘随时查询极光指数，预测显示极光指数呈上升趋势。我跑到餐馆外眺望远方天空，此时已有一条微弱的绿光带肉眼可见，于是匆匆离开，带队奔赴蝙蝠山。","b":false,"xe":"After the sunset shoot, over an hour remained before full dark. Höfn, where Vestrahorn sits, is Iceland's famous lobster town. The team decided to dine on local delicacies — but a photographer's heart stays with the aurora: even while eating, I kept checking the index, which showed a rising trend. I ran outside to scan the sky — a faint green band was already visible to the naked eye. We left in a hurry and raced to Vestrahorn."},{"t":"img","f":"img-22","w":920,"h":1600},{"t":"p","x":"Aurora即时极光KP指数为3.33","b":false,"xe":"Aurora's live KP index: 3.33"},{"t":"img","f":"img-23","w":910,"h":1602},{"t":"p","x":"AuroraNow即时预测显示在20分钟内极光指数呈上升趋势","b":false,"xe":"AuroraNow's live forecast: rising within 20 minutes"},{"t":"h","x":"4","xe":"4"},{"t":"h","x":"现场拍摄","xe":"The Shoot"},{"t":"p","x":"从车窗向外望去，极光愈发明显，大戏已拉开序幕。到达拍摄机位时，极光刚刚好呈环状围绕整个蝙蝠山，一切如此完美。由于视角的关系，单张拍摄不能呈现完整的环状极光，于是我决定拍摄多张，后期做全景接片。设定参数为ISO6400/F4/10S, 从右向左拍摄三张。由于极光变化较快，不能过长时间曝光，这导致影像中的地面景物偏暗，好在Sony A7RII的宽容度够高，后期提亮，使得前景细节得以显现。","b":false,"xe":"Looking out the car window, the aurora grew ever clearer — the great show had begun. Arriving at the spot, the aurora happened to ring the entire Vestrahorn perfectly. Because of the viewing angle, a single frame couldn't hold the complete ring, so I decided to shoot multiple frames for a panorama. Settings: ISO 6400 / f/4 / 10 s, three frames right to left. The fast-changing aurora forbade longer exposures, leaving the ground in the frames dark — fortunately the Sony A7R II's dynamic range was high enough to lift the foreground detail in post."},{"t":"img","f":"img-24","w":1080,"h":556},{"t":"p","x":"参数：ISO6400/F4/10S","b":false,"xe":"Settings: ISO 6400 / f/4 / 10 s"},{"t":"p","x":"一个多小时后，光色渐淡，大家心满意足地结束拍摄。此时，谁都没有想到巨大的惊喜还在后面。。。","b":false,"xe":"Over an hour later, the glow gradually faded and we finished, content. None of us imagined a huge surprise still lay ahead…"},{"t":"p","x":"回到住处稍事休息，我再次查询极光指数，此时极光强度又呈上升趋势。走出房间，绿精灵在漆黑的夜色中狂舞，仿佛是烟花炸裂般飞舞在天空。虽然这些年看过的美景无数，但此刻的神奇夜空仍然令我窒息。我奢侈地许给自己半分钟的时间，痴痴地望着这不属于人间的景色，独享这一刻的绝美。然后飞速跑回房间，拿出相机，开始执行我作为摄影师的使命。","b":false,"xe":"Back at our lodging, after a short rest I checked the index again — it was rising once more. Stepping outside, the green spirits were dancing wildly in the dark night, like fireworks bursting across the sky. Despite countless beautiful sights over the years, this magical night sky still took my breath away. I allowed myself a luxurious half minute, gazing foolishly at this unearthly scene, savoring the moment alone — then sprinted back inside, grabbed my camera, and began my mission as a photographer."},{"t":"p","x":"极光题材和星空类似，也是属于风光摄影中的一个类别，因此前景的选取至关重要。看极光的方向，庆幸离开蝙蝠山是明智的决定，若仍留在那里，极光偏离山体，两者不能同时结合在画面之中。","b":false,"xe":"Like astrophotography, the aurora is a category of landscape photography, so the choice of foreground is critical. Looking at the aurora's direction, leaving Vestrahorn proved a wise decision: had we stayed, the aurora drifted away from the mountain and the two couldn't share one frame."},{"t":"p","x":"此时只能就地取景，我先用旅店房屋作为前景拍下满天绚烂的极光，转身望去，身后的雪山上又有极光喷薄而出。相比之前的蝙蝠山静态极光，明显看出极光在空中的动态变化，如果快门速度还是10秒，就不能准确捕捉到极光的形态，因此快门速度必须减低。同时由于极光也是光源，而且旅社的区域已开始有路灯等人造光，所以ISO降低一档。两张照片的拍摄参数分别是ISO3200/F4/4S 和 ISO3200/F4/6S。","b":false,"xe":"All I could do was frame on the spot: first using the guesthouse buildings as foreground for the splendid sky-filling aurora; turning around, more aurora burst forth above the snowy peaks behind me. Compared to the earlier static aurora at Vestrahorn, its dynamic movement was obvious — at 10 seconds the shutter could no longer capture its shape accurately, so the shutter had to come down. Meanwhile, since the aurora is itself a light source and streetlights had come on around the guesthouse, I dropped ISO one stop. The two frames: ISO 3200 / f/4 / 4 s and ISO 3200 / f/4 / 6 s."},{"t":"img","f":"img-25","w":1024,"h":681},{"t":"p","x":"参数：ISO3200/F4/4S","b":false,"xe":"Settings: ISO 3200 / f/4 / 4 s"},{"t":"img","f":"img-26","w":1024,"h":759},{"t":"p","x":"参数：ISO3200/F4/6S","b":false,"xe":"Settings: ISO 3200 / f/4 / 6 s"},{"t":"p","x":"通过上面的实例充分说明，拍摄极光并不是固定不变的参数。首先设置大光圈，然后要观察极光形态的变化快慢决定相应的快门速度，最后再根据地景的环境光源情况调整ISO。","b":false,"xe":"The examples above fully demonstrate that aurora photography has no fixed settings. First set a wide aperture; then watch how fast the aurora changes to decide shutter speed; finally adjust ISO to the ambient light of your foreground."},{"t":"p","x":"本文部分内容节选自静姝的新书《追光之路》","b":false,"xe":"Portions of this article are excerpted from Jingshu's new book 'The Road of Chasing Light'"},{"t":"img","f":"img-28","w":1080,"h":1839}],"titleEn":"A Detailed Aurora Photography Guide — Save It Now"}