{"slug":"clone-stamp-advanced","title":"仿制图章工具原来还能这么用！","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2020-06-28","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247490792&idx=2&sn=b9fa2cb22669df460a350acb6e151d88&chksm=eb81e28cdcf66b9a0c6d1435f87e3294bdb5354c652d47830bead3aa8d9a4d5f5a648d89fcda&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"本文作者：Miller姚明来","b":false,"xe":"Author: Miller姚明来"},{"t":"p","x":"仿制图章（克隆）工具，是ps中最基础的工具，这是连刚刚入门的新手都熟练掌握的，往往只被我们用来修补和去除画面中的杂物，让图片更简洁。","b":true,"xe":"The Clone Stamp tool is one of the most basic tools in Photoshop — even complete beginners know how to use it. Most of us only reach for it to patch up or remove distracting objects and keep an image clean."},{"t":"p","x":"但这个被严重低估的工具经常被我用到风光摄影的高阶流程。这篇文章，让我告诉你们这个工具强大的隐藏功能！","b":true,"xe":"But this seriously underrated tool is a regular part of my advanced landscape workflow. In this article, let me show you its powerful hidden uses!"},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":1080,"h":516},{"t":"h","x":"（一）拨云见山","xe":"1. Parting the Clouds to Reveal the Peak"},{"t":"p","x":"下图拍摄于巴基斯坦喀喇昆仑区域，是未经处理的原片。徒步时向导说这座远景的雪山也是一座很有名的山峰，而此刻雪山融入在同色系白云的背景下，非常不明显。","b":false,"xe":"The image below was shot in the Karakoram region of Pakistan and is an unprocessed raw frame. While trekking, our guide mentioned that the distant snow peak was actually a famous mountain — but at that moment it blended into the same-toned white clouds behind it and was barely visible."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":1080,"h":1620},{"t":"p","x":"这时，我们就可以用仿制图章工具让雪山的主峰从云层中脱离开来，拨云见山。","b":false,"xe":"This is where the Clone Stamp comes in — we can use it to separate the main summit from the cloud layer, parting the clouds to reveal the mountain."},{"t":"p","x":"首先，复制背景图层，然后选用仿制图章工具，采样蓝天区域。","b":false,"xe":"First, duplicate the background layer, then select the Clone Stamp tool and sample a blue-sky area."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":1080,"h":540},{"t":"p","x":"然后在山峰和云层的交界处涂抹，每涂几笔要对蓝天重新采样，这样克隆区域就不会跟采样区域一模一样。这一步的涂抹不用很精细，只需要完全覆盖山和云层的交界区域即可。","b":false,"xe":"Then paint along the boundary between the peak and the clouds, re-sampling the blue sky every few strokes so the cloned areas don't look identical to the source. This pass doesn't need to be precise — just make sure you fully cover the transition zone between mountain and cloud."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":1080,"h":850},{"t":"p","x":"接着在图层旁加一块黑色的蒙板遮蔽掉所有的效果，先用白色笔刷（羽化为0）细致的刷出山峰和蓝天的交界处（下图）","b":false,"xe":"Next, add a black mask to the layer to hide the entire effect. With a white brush (0 feather), carefully paint back the boundary between the peak and the blue sky (see below)."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":1080,"h":489},{"t":"p","x":"再用透明度为20%的柔化笔刷（羽化为100）修饰蓝天和上方云层的过渡区域，让衔接更自然。","b":false,"xe":"Then use a soft brush at 20% opacity (100 feather) to refine the transition between the blue sky and the clouds above, making the blend look natural."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":1080,"h":1620},{"t":"p","x":"这就是最后拨云见山的效果，主峰跟背后的云层完全分离，雪峰更加凸显。","b":false,"xe":"And here is the final result: the main summit is completely separated from the clouds behind it, and the snow peak stands out far more."},{"t":"h","x":"（二）云遮雾绕","xe":"2. Wrapping the Peak in Mist"},{"t":"p","x":"克隆工具可以把山从云层中分离开来，自然能够把山再放进云雾中。","b":false,"xe":"If the Clone Stamp can pull a mountain out of the clouds, it can just as easily tuck one back into the mist."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":1080,"h":720},{"t":"p","x":"上图的山峰周围被云雾缭绕，但是雾气仅仅萦绕在山的侧面，这时，可以通过克隆工具让云雾更多的遮蔽山体，增强若隐若现的梦幻氛围。","b":false,"xe":"In the image above, the peak is surrounded by drifting clouds, but the mist only clings to one side of the mountain. Here we can use the Clone Stamp to let the mist cover more of the slopes, enhancing the dreamy, now-you-see-it-now-you-don't atmosphere."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":1080,"h":720},{"t":"p","x":"克隆工具取样云雾区域，再配合蒙板进行简单涂抹操作后，便制造出了云雾漫过山峰的效果。","b":false,"xe":"Sample a cloudy-mist area with the Clone Stamp, then do a simple paint pass with a mask — and you've created the effect of clouds spilling over the summit."},{"t":"p","x":"这种操作已经属于风光摄影后期中比较高级的气氛和情绪的营造，我们用简单的工具便制造出了高阶的效果。","b":false,"xe":"This kind of mood and atmosphere building is considered fairly advanced in landscape post-processing — yet we achieved a high-end result with the simplest of tools."},{"t":"h","x":"（三）暗部细节弥补","xe":"3. Recovering Shadow Detail"},{"t":"p","x":"当我们拍摄一些光比非常大的场景，比如逆光拍摄时。我们在后期修图时经常会发现一些欠曝到死黑的暗部。即使在raw文件中把阴影滑块完全提亮都没有任何细节。这时，就可以用仿制图章去亡羊补牢，虽是下下策但也是唯一的挽救方法。","b":false,"xe":"When shooting very high-contrast scenes — backlit situations, for example — we often find shadows in post that are underexposed to pure black. Even dragging the Shadows slider all the way up in the raw file reveals no detail at all. That's when the Clone Stamp becomes a last resort — not ideal, but the only way to save the shot."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":1080,"h":1054},{"t":"p","x":"上图在拍摄时用了景深合成的技术。当时如果对前景景深拍摄同时拍曝光合成的话，后期的工作量会非常大。所以通常我会放弃对前景的曝光合成而去依靠相机的宽容度。而后期时我发现前景树根的暗部死黑，毫无细节。这就只能依靠仿制图章了。","b":false,"xe":"The shot above was captured using focus stacking. Bracketing exposures for the foreground at the same time would have meant a huge post-processing workload, so I usually skip exposure blending for the foreground and rely on the camera's dynamic range instead. But in post I found the shadows under the foreground tree roots were pitch black with zero detail — and that could only be fixed with the Clone Stamp."},{"t":"p","x":"调整仿制图章的不透明度为20%，用树根亮部细节作为取样点","b":false,"xe":"Set the Clone Stamp opacity to 20% and sample the well-lit, detailed part of the tree roots."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":1080,"h":727},{"t":"p","x":"接着用仿制图章在暗部死黑区域涂抹。这样就把细节克隆到了暗部。死黑的阴影就隐约有了一些细节：","b":false,"xe":"Then paint over the pitch-black shadow areas. This clones detail into the shadows, so the dead blacks now carry a faint hint of texture:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":1080,"h":647},{"t":"p","x":"Ps：一些复杂区域的处理建议先用TKactions选出暗部区域，再对选区进行克隆涂抹，就不用担心影响其它区域了。","b":false,"xe":"PS: For complex areas, it's best to first select the shadow regions with TKactions, then clone within the selection — that way you don't have to worry about affecting anything else."},{"t":"h","x":"（四）高光细节还原","xe":"4. Restoring Highlight Detail"},{"t":"p","x":"既然克隆工具能够制造暗部细节，当然也能弥补高光过曝处的死白。唯一的区别就是：在对高光细节弥补时，克隆工具的不透明度会设置的较高，通常为50%到100%（暗部修复则是20%）","b":false,"xe":"Since the Clone Stamp can create shadow detail, it can of course also fill in blown-out, dead-white highlights. The only difference: when fixing highlights, set the opacity higher — usually 50% to 100% (versus 20% for shadow repair)."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":913,"h":1384},{"t":"p","x":"上图高光区域过曝死白，已经无法用任何方法挽回了。是时候该克隆工具上场了。","b":false,"xe":"The highlights in the image above are blown to pure white — beyond rescue by any other method. Time for the Clone Stamp to step in."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":1080,"h":610},{"t":"p","x":"复制背景图层，克隆工具取样过曝周围有细节的云层。接着在高光处涂抹。","b":false,"xe":"Duplicate the background layer, sample the detailed clouds surrounding the blown area with the Clone Stamp, then paint over the highlights."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":1080,"h":754},{"t":"p","x":"我们可以看到，大面积的死白区域就被轻而易举的修复了。","b":false,"xe":"As you can see, the large area of dead white is repaired with ease."},{"t":"h","x":"（五）去除白边","xe":"5. Removing White Edges"},{"t":"p","x":"经常，由于我们后期处理不当，可能是过度锐化，也可能是蒙板没擦好，导致图中景物的轮廓出现了讨厌的白边。","b":false,"xe":"Sloppy post-processing — over-sharpening, perhaps, or a poorly brushed mask — often leaves ugly white edges along the outlines of subjects in a photo."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":1080,"h":780},{"t":"p","x":"这种白边用普通的方法极难去除，但是用仿制图章工具就能轻松搞定。","b":false,"xe":"These white edges are extremely hard to remove with ordinary methods, but the Clone Stamp handles them effortlessly."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":1080,"h":624},{"t":"p","x":"我们选用仿制图章工具，模式选择“变暗“。接着取样白边交界处周围的天空，然后顺着白边的轮廓进行涂抹，让天空区域的像素去覆盖白边。因为选择了”变暗”的模式，所以仅仅只会影响更亮的白边，而不会影响较暗的山体。这使得我们即使比较草率的涂抹，也能确保效果足够精确。","b":false,"xe":"Select the Clone Stamp tool and set its mode to \"Darken.\" Sample the sky around the white edge, then paint along the edge's outline so the sky pixels cover the white fringe. Because the mode is \"Darken,\" only the brighter white edge is affected — the darker mountain stays untouched. This means even fairly sloppy brushing still yields a precise result."},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":1080,"h":744},{"t":"p","x":"上图是处理完的效果，讨厌的白边被一扫而光，整个操作只需一分钟","b":false,"xe":"The image above shows the finished result: the annoying white edges are gone, and the whole operation took just one minute."},{"t":"h","x":"（六）塑造日月形态","xe":"6. Reshaping the Sun and Moon"},{"t":"p","x":"日出日落时是太阳亮度最低的时候，这时候比如拍摄长河落日圆之类的名场面，我们会把太阳也纳入构图，但是有时候曝光控制的不好，太阳会连同周边的高亮区域一起过曝导致损失了太阳的形态。","b":false,"xe":"The sun is at its dimmest at sunrise and sunset — the classic moments when we want to include it in the frame, like a round setting sun over a long river. But if exposure isn't handled well, the sun blows out together with the bright area around it, and its shape is lost."},{"t":"p","x":"怎么办呢？这时候又轮到万金油—仿制图章工具登场了。","b":false,"xe":"What to do? Time once again for the all-purpose Clone Stamp."},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":1000,"h":681},{"t":"p","x":"首先，我们用圆形选框工具在过曝的太阳区域画个圈","b":false,"xe":"First, use the Elliptical Marquee tool to draw a circle around the blown-out sun."},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":1080,"h":758},{"t":"p","x":"接着ctrl+shift+i反选选区，然后选用克隆工具，先对太阳周围不过曝区域采样，然后涂抹在圆圈周围。","b":false,"xe":"Then press Ctrl+Shift+I to invert the selection. Take the Clone Stamp, sample a properly exposed area around the sun, and paint around the circle."},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":1080,"h":705},{"t":"p","x":"太阳的圆形形态就被非常快速的塑造出来了。这同样可以应用在夜景长曝拍摄星空时月亮因为移动而导致的形态不佳。","b":false,"xe":"The sun's round shape is restored in no time. The same trick works for night long-exposures of starry skies, where the moon's motion leaves it misshapen."},{"t":"p","x":"以上，便是克隆工具的妙用。上到高阶的气氛营造，下到弥补图片的各种缺陷，它是风光摄影后期中当之无愧的万金油！","b":true,"xe":"And those are the hidden powers of the Clone Stamp. From advanced atmosphere building to patching all kinds of image flaws, it truly is the Swiss Army knife of landscape post-processing!"},{"t":"img","f":"img-22","w":1080,"h":1536}],"titleEn":"Advanced Uses of the Clone Stamp Tool in Landscape Retouching"}