{"slug":"color-management-workflow","title":"从相机到输出 - 后期全流程中的色彩管理","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2018-03-04","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247486571&idx=1&sn=4af875284750bd45b29cb872ca557fe0&chksm=eb81f20fdcf67b198e8a113ce3d2eab568154d719db23b78c73b97b8a9193d4923e50928ff47&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"每周一篇干货，让摄影不再难学","b":false,"xe":"One piece of know-how per week — making photography easy to learn"},{"t":"p","x":"以前托马斯写过一篇文章《摄影后期中的色域和色深设置，学问真不少》，和大家分享了色彩设置的基本知识。","b":false,"xe":"Thomas previously wrote an article, 'Color Gamut and Bit Depth Settings in Post — More Knowledge Than You'd Think', sharing the basics of color settings."},{"t":"p","x":"今天的教程中，托马斯会通过详细的截图，和大家演示相机、Camera Raw、Photoshop等软件中的色彩设置。","b":false,"xe":"In today's tutorial, Thomas uses detailed screenshots to demonstrate color settings in the camera, Camera Raw, Photoshop and other software."},{"t":"p","x":"注：本文主要讨论网络照片的色彩管理，打印照片的色彩管理更加的复杂，会在以后的教程中分享。","b":false,"xe":"Note: this article mainly discusses color management for web photos. Color management for prints is more complex and will be covered in a future tutorial."},{"t":"h","x":"1","xe":"1"},{"t":"h","x":"相机中的色彩设置","xe":"Color settings in the camera"},{"t":"p","x":"首先需要了解的是，Raw文件本身是没有色彩空间的。Raw文件记录的是相机感光芯片上复杂的原始数据。","b":false,"xe":"First, understand that a RAW file itself has no color space. A RAW file records the complex raw data from the camera's sensor."},{"t":"p","x":"所以相机里面的AdobeRGB和sRGB的色彩空间设置，其实只会影响到我们用JPEG格式拍摄的照片，或者Raw格式文件中的JPEG预览图，Raw文件本身储存的信息，并不会受到任何的影响。","b":false,"xe":"So the AdobeRGB vs sRGB color space setting in the camera only affects photos shot in JPEG, or the JPEG preview embedded in the RAW file. The information stored in the RAW file itself is not affected at all."},{"t":"p","x":"为了直出照片方便，一般推荐相机中设置为sRGB的色彩空间。","b":false,"xe":"For convenient straight-out-of-camera photos, it's generally recommended to set the camera to sRGB."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":870,"h":162},{"t":"p","x":"而我们需要经过后期进一步处理的照片，仍然可以完整无损的解析Raw文件的所有信息，并不会受到相机中色彩空间（也就是Raw的预览图色彩设置）的任何影响。Raw文件的色彩深度，一般根据感光元件的不同，是12-16位。","b":false,"xe":"Photos that will be further processed in post can still have all the RAW file's information parsed completely and losslessly, unaffected by the camera's color space setting (i.e., the RAW preview's color setting). A RAW file's bit depth is generally 12-16 bits depending on the sensor."},{"t":"p","x":"类似的道理，同样适用于相机中照片的锐度、对比度、鲜艳度的设置，这些设置都只会影响到我们用JPEG格式拍摄的照片，或者Raw格式文件中的预览图，Raw文件本身储存的信息，并不会受到任何的影响。","b":false,"xe":"The same logic applies to the camera's sharpness, contrast and saturation settings — they only affect JPEG shots or the RAW file's preview; the RAW data itself is unaffected."},{"t":"p","x":"这也是为什么我们常常通过机内的高锐度、高饱和设置，相机屏幕和厂商软件上的Raw文件（预览图）效果光彩夺目，但一进入Camera Raw/Lightroom软件，照片立马变灰了。","b":false,"xe":"This is why, with high in-camera sharpness and saturation settings, the RAW (preview) on the camera screen and in vendor software looks brilliant — but the moment you open it in Camera Raw/Lightroom, the photo immediately turns flat."},{"t":"p","x":"这是因为Camera Raw 软件读取的是Raw文件里面的原始数据，重新解析出了一个新的预览图，相机里面设置的这些只影响预览图的参数，当然统统被丢掉了。","b":false,"xe":"That's because Camera Raw reads the raw data inside the RAW file and renders a brand-new preview; those camera settings that only affect the preview are, of course, all discarded."},{"t":"h","x":"2","xe":"2"},{"t":"h","x":"Camera Raw软件中的色彩设置","xe":"Color settings in Camera Raw"},{"t":"p","x":"Raw文件处理器，包括Adobe Camera Raw（ACR）、Lightroom、Capture One等等，其作用就是解读相机中的原始数据，把他们解析成一张数码的图像文件。","b":false,"xe":"RAW processors — including Adobe Camera Raw (ACR), Lightroom, Capture One and others — interpret the camera's raw data and render it into a digital image file."},{"t":"p","x":"此时我们就需要设置，解析出来的图像文件，到底是使用什么样的色彩空间。在后期处理的过程中，为了最大化的提高画质和后期渲染精细程度，我推荐使用Prophoto的色彩空间和16位的色彩深度进行处理。","b":false,"xe":"At this point we need to set which color space the rendered image will use. To maximize image quality and rendering precision during post, I recommend processing in the ProPhoto color space at 16-bit depth."},{"t":"p","x":"在ACR面板的底部，有一行小字，点击之后可以打开设置面板。","b":false,"xe":"At the bottom of the ACR panel there's a line of small text — click it to open the settings panel."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":1080,"h":1004},{"t":"p","x":"色彩空间设置为“ProPhoto RGB”，色彩深度设置为“16位/通道”。","b":false,"xe":"Set the color space to 'ProPhoto RGB' and the bit depth to '16 Bits/Channel'."},{"t":"p","x":"这样照片从Camera Raw中解析完成，进入Photoshop等软件进一步处理时，会导出成16位ProPhoto的图像进行进一步编辑。","b":false,"xe":"That way, once the photo is rendered from Camera Raw and enters Photoshop for further processing, it is exported as a 16-bit ProPhoto image for editing."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":1080,"h":705},{"t":"p","x":"如果我们是使用厂商自带的Raw处理器，不能直接打开导入Photoshop中。那么这一步我们可以首先把Raw文件，解析并储存为16位Prophoto的TIFF文件，再使用PS打开这个TIFF进行进一步处理。","b":false,"xe":"If you're using the camera maker's own RAW processor and can't open directly into Photoshop, first render and save the RAW as a 16-bit ProPhoto TIFF, then open that TIFF in PS for further processing."},{"t":"h","x":"3","xe":"3"},{"t":"h","x":"Photoshop软件中的色彩设置","xe":"Color settings in Photoshop"},{"t":"p","x":"然后在Photoshop中，我们也要把默认的工作空间设置为Prophoto。","b":false,"xe":"Then in Photoshop, we should also set the default working space to ProPhoto."},{"t":"p","x":"首先打开“编辑-颜色设置“。","b":false,"xe":"First open 'Edit - Color Settings'."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":514,"h":1554},{"t":"p","x":"然后按照下面截图进行配置，最重要的是要把“工作空间-RGB“设置成ProPhoto RGB。","b":false,"xe":"Then configure as shown in the screenshot below — most importantly, set 'Working Spaces - RGB' to ProPhoto RGB."},{"t":"p","x":"其次“配置文件不匹配“，以及”缺少配置文件“这几个勾，都需要打上。这样我们导入一张sRGB的照片进入PS时，PS就会提示你选择，是保持照片的sRGB空间，还是先把sRGB无损转换为ProPhotoRGB，再进行编辑。","b":false,"xe":"Also tick 'Profile Mismatches' and 'Missing Profiles'. That way, when we bring an sRGB photo into PS, it asks whether to keep the photo's sRGB space or first losslessly convert sRGB to ProPhoto RGB before editing."},{"t":"p","x":"除此之外还要设置“转换选项“，也就是我最后把ProPhoto RGB的图像导出为sRGB时，使用何种算法进行转换。","b":false,"xe":"In addition, set the 'Conversion Options' — i.e., which algorithm to use when I finally convert a ProPhoto RGB image to sRGB for export."},{"t":"p","x":"大部分情况，引擎都是设置为“Adobe（ACE）“，意图设置为”可感知“，下面的三个勾也要全部打上。","b":false,"xe":"In most cases, set Engine to 'Adobe (ACE)', Intent to 'Perceptual', and tick all three boxes below."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":1080,"h":751},{"t":"h","x":"4","xe":"4"},{"t":"h","x":"输出照片时的色彩设置","xe":"Color settings when exporting photos"},{"t":"p","x":"在后期处理时，我们尽量使用16位的Prophoto进行处理，以获得最佳渲染效果。但是最终我们在网络上交流照片时，大部分浏览器和显示器都只支持8位sRGB的JPEG格式。因此我们在导出照片时，需要进行色彩空间的转换。","b":false,"xe":"During post we process in 16-bit ProPhoto for the best rendering. But when sharing photos online, most browsers and displays only support 8-bit sRGB JPEG. So when exporting, we need a color space conversion."},{"t":"p","x":"如果用ACR直接输出图片，可以选择ACR工作区左下角的“储存图像“。","b":false,"xe":"To output directly from ACR, choose 'Save Image' at the bottom left of the ACR workspace."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":510,"h":326},{"t":"p","x":"然后设置输出的文件格式为”JPEG“。","b":false,"xe":"Then set the output format to 'JPEG'."},{"t":"p","x":"元数据指的是相机的EXIF数据，作者版权数据以及ACR的编辑数据，可以根据情况设置。","b":false,"xe":"Metadata refers to the camera's EXIF data, author copyright data and ACR edit data — set according to your needs."},{"t":"p","x":"品质一般设置8-10即可。","b":false,"xe":"Quality is generally fine at 8-10."},{"t":"p","x":"当然最重要的色彩空间选择sRGB，色彩深度选择8位/通道，用于网络交流。","b":false,"xe":"Most importantly, choose sRGB color space and 8 Bits/Channel for web sharing."},{"t":"p","x":"一般网站对上传图片的大小有限制，同时为了保护摄影师版权。一般网络分享的照片，长边输出在1600-3000像素之间即可，我一般设置为1600。","b":false,"xe":"Most websites limit upload size, and to protect photographers' copyright, web-shared photos are generally output at 1600-3000px on the long edge — I usually set 1600."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":1080,"h":1322},{"t":"p","x":"如果使用Photoshop输出照片，一般不建议使用“文件-储存为“直接保存，因为那样需要手动的转换颜色配置文件，比较麻烦。","b":false,"xe":"If exporting from Photoshop, it's generally not recommended to save directly via 'File - Save As', since that requires manually converting the color profile — cumbersome."},{"t":"p","x":"Photoshop专门设计了“储存为Web所用格式（旧版）“以及新版的”导出为“两个选项，进行针对网络分享的照片快捷输出。","b":false,"xe":"Photoshop specifically provides 'Save for Web (Legacy)' and the newer 'Export As' options for quickly outputting web-sharing photos."},{"t":"p","x":"我们可以使用“文件-导出-导出为“。","b":false,"xe":"We can use 'File - Export - Export As'."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":1080,"h":1189},{"t":"p","x":"在导出面板中，设置输出JPEG的相关参数。由于JPEG格式只支持8位/通道，因此输出JPEG时色深会自动转换。","b":false,"xe":"In the export panel, set the JPEG output parameters. Since JPEG only supports 8 bits/channel, the bit depth is converted automatically when exporting JPEG."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":1080,"h":709},{"t":"p","x":"其中特别注意的是要勾上这两个选项：“转换为sRGB”和“嵌入颜色配置文件”，否则在用其他电脑浏览图片时，可能会出现严重的偏色。","b":false,"xe":"Pay special attention to ticking these two options: 'Convert to sRGB' and 'Embed Color Profile' — otherwise serious color shifts may appear when viewing the image on other computers."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":474,"h":174},{"t":"p","x":"”导出为“有一个缺点，就是元数据不会导出相机的EXIF信息。如果喜欢保留EXIF信息的朋友，可以使用储存为Web所用格式（旧版）“","b":false,"xe":"'Export As' has one drawback: it doesn't export the camera's EXIF metadata. If you like keeping EXIF, use 'Save for Web (Legacy)'."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":1080,"h":1179},{"t":"p","x":"其面板和”导出为“面板非常相似，一定要勾上”嵌入颜色配置文件“以及”转换为sRGB“。在这个输出方式下，我们可以导出全部元数据。","b":false,"xe":"Its panel is very similar to 'Export As' — be sure to tick 'Embed Color Profile' and 'Convert to sRGB'. With this output method, all metadata can be exported."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":856,"h":510},{"t":"p","x":"本文内容，节选自托马斯即将出版的新书《风光摄影后期基础》，大家敬请期待哦~","b":false,"xe":"The content of this article is excerpted from Thomas's upcoming book 'Foundations of Landscape Photography Post-Processing' — stay tuned!"},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":745,"h":1000},{"t":"h","x":"欢迎关注@Thomas看看世界，","xe":"Follow @Thomas Chu Photo —"},{"t":"h","x":"每周学会一个摄影技能。","xe":"learn one photography skill every week."}],"titleEn":"From Camera to Output: Color Management Across the Whole Post Workflow"}