{"slug":"color-schemes-guide","title":"学会常见的配色原理，再也不怕后期调色啦","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2018-07-15","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247487119&idx=1&sn=c4b53696826cc041d86f067c4ec1cb8f&chksm=eb81f0ebdcf679fde082e4fd7b8e9a7d921375fee64289b54c1e0a13c0b68b68c44ca374edd9&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"每周一篇教程，让摄影不再难学","b":false,"xe":"One tutorial every week — making photography easy to learn"},{"t":"p","x":"调色是大家学习摄影后期时的一大难题。其根源并不在于我们不明白各种调色工具的使用，而是大家常常缺乏思路，不知道怎样搭配色彩才舒服、好看。","b":false,"xe":"Color grading is a major challenge when learning photo post-processing. The root of the difficulty is not that we don't understand the various color tools — it's that we often lack a framework, not knowing how to combine colors so they feel comfortable and look good."},{"t":"p","x":"其实在色彩的搭配上，美术、设计等学科，早已探索出了很多的规律，可以被我们摄影师借鉴学习。","b":false,"xe":"In fact, disciplines like fine art and design have long worked out many rules of color combination that we photographers can borrow and learn from."},{"t":"p","x":"要学习色相的搭配，首先要认识RYB色环（又叫伊顿12色相环），这个色环是以红黄蓝这三种颜色为原色的色环。","b":false,"xe":"To learn hue combination, you first need to know the RYB color wheel (also called Itten's 12-hue wheel) — a wheel with red, yellow, and blue as its primary colors."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":1000,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"色环上一共有12种主要颜色。在0度位置是黄色，120度位置是红色，240度位置是蓝色。","b":false,"xe":"There are 12 main colors on the wheel. Yellow sits at 0 degrees, red at 120 degrees, and blue at 240 degrees."},{"t":"p","x":"黄色和红色之间，有黄橙、橙、红橙三种颜色。红色和蓝色之间，有紫红、紫、蓝紫三种颜色。在蓝色和黄色之间，有青、绿、黄绿三种颜色。","b":false,"xe":"Between yellow and red lie yellow-orange, orange, and red-orange. Between red and blue lie red-violet, violet, and blue-violet. And between blue and yellow lie cyan (blue-green), green, and yellow-green."},{"t":"p","x":"基于RYB色环，有以下的常见色彩搭配模型：","b":false,"xe":"Based on the RYB color wheel, here are the common color combination models:"},{"t":"h","x":"单色搭配","xe":"Monochromatic Combination"},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":1000,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"单色搭配，就是整张照片里面，几乎只有一个色相，只依靠色彩的明度和饱和度变化来产生层次。单色搭配的极端情况就是黑白照片。","b":false,"xe":"A monochromatic combination means the whole photo contains almost only one hue, relying purely on changes in lightness and saturation to create layering. The extreme case of monochromatic combination is the black-and-white photo."},{"t":"p","x":"单色照片的氛围感很强。而且由于缺少色彩的吸引眼球，读者可以更加关注画面的明暗、构图和内容。","b":false,"xe":"Monochromatic photos have a strong sense of atmosphere. And with no competing colors to catch the eye, viewers can focus more on the picture's tonality, composition, and content."},{"t":"p","x":"下面一张照片，就是只使用了蓝色一个单色。（黑、白、灰色可以考虑成饱和度、明度为极端的各种颜色，因此我们在讲色彩搭配时，不会单独提到黑白灰色）。","b":false,"xe":"The photo below uses only a single color: blue. (Black, white, and gray can be considered various colors pushed to extremes of saturation and lightness, so in discussing color combination we won't mention them separately.)"},{"t":"p","x":"由于只有一个色彩，画面显得干净纯洁，而且蓝色给人寒冷的氛围，符合冰川雪山的感觉。","b":false,"xe":"With only one color, the image feels clean and pure — and blue brings a cold atmosphere that fits the feeling of glaciers and snowy mountains."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":1000,"h":674},{"t":"p","x":"下面这张缅甸蒲甘的照片，则是以橙色为主的单色搭配。橙色带来了极强的辉煌、灿烂的感觉。而没有多余色彩的干扰，读者的视线更能被佛塔的宏大、光线的强烈、与雾气的朦胧所吸引。","b":false,"xe":"This photo of Bagan, Myanmar below uses an orange-dominated monochromatic scheme. Orange brings an intense feeling of splendor and brilliance. With no distracting extra colors, the viewer's gaze is drawn more to the pagodas' grandeur, the intense light, and the hazy mist."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":1000,"h":665},{"t":"h","x":"相似色搭配","xe":"Analogous Color Combination"},{"t":"p","x":"有的时候画面中颜色太多，如果统一成单一色相会非常的奇怪，而我们又想保持色彩的和谐。此时我们就可以用相似色的搭配模型。","b":false,"xe":"Sometimes a scene has too many colors, and unifying them into a single hue would look very strange — yet we still want to keep the colors harmonious. That's when we can use the analogous color model."},{"t":"p","x":"相似色搭配，就是在RYB色环中，找到一组相邻的色相来搭配照片（不一定非要是3个相邻色相，位置相近是2-4个色相都是没问题的）。相似色比单色更加丰富，但由于色相相近，不会产生太多的冲突感。","b":false,"xe":"An analogous combination means finding a group of neighboring hues on the RYB wheel to color the photo (it doesn't have to be exactly 3 neighboring hues — 2 to 4 hues that sit close together all work). Analogous colors are richer than monochromatic ones, but because the hues are close, they don't create much conflict."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":1000,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"下面这张缅甸蒲甘的照片，我就是用了相似色的搭配模型，整张照片的色彩是色环上的黄色、黄绿色和绿色。相似色的搭配，让整张照片显得更加宁静、和谐。","b":false,"xe":"In this photo of Bagan, Myanmar below, I used the analogous model: the photo's colors are yellow, yellow-green, and green on the wheel. The analogous combination makes the whole photo feel more serene and harmonious."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":1000,"h":563},{"t":"h","x":"互补色搭配","xe":"Complementary Color Combination"},{"t":"p","x":"要问风光摄影中最受欢迎的色彩搭配模型，非属互补色搭配了。黄橙-蓝紫，橙-蓝这两对黄金互补色，更是大量应用在日落日出大片和城市夜景风光中。","b":false,"xe":"Ask what the most popular color model in landscape photography is, and the answer has to be complementary colors. The two golden complementary pairs — yellow-orange/blue-violet and orange/blue — are used extensively in sunrise/sunset masterpieces and city night scenes."},{"t":"p","x":"互补色，指的是RYB色环中，180度相对的两种颜色。互补色的搭配，非常的具有冲击力。","b":false,"xe":"Complementary colors are two colors sitting 180 degrees apart on the RYB wheel. Complementary combinations are highly impactful."},{"t":"p","x":"而且很多自然场景，比如日落时的蓝色天空和橙色阳光，本来就是互补色的组合，人类在千百年的进化中，已经深受自然影响，对互补色有很强的感知力。","b":false,"xe":"Moreover, many natural scenes — like the blue sky and orange sunlight at sunset — are inherently complementary combinations. Through thousands of years of evolution, humans have been deeply shaped by nature and have a strong sensitivity to complementary colors."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":1000,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"下面一张日落金山的照片，就是一张典型的橙-蓝互补色搭配。","b":false,"xe":"The photo of sunlit golden peaks below is a typical orange-blue complementary combination."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":668,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"日落日出的照片中，除了上面的蓝色天空和环境、搭配橙色光线之外，还有一个常见的互补色搭配，就是把天空和环境调成蓝紫色，阳光和阳光照射的地方调成黄橙色。","b":false,"xe":"In sunrise and sunset photos, besides the blue sky and environment paired with orange light above, there is another common complementary scheme: grading the sky and environment blue-violet, and grading the sunlight and sunlit areas yellow-orange."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":1000,"h":402},{"t":"p","x":"我们在应用色彩搭配模型的时候，主要考虑的是主色以及重要的配色。其他一些面积较小、或者饱和度很低的点缀配色，能符合模型当然很好，不能搭配的话也没关系。","b":false,"xe":"When applying color combination models, we mainly consider the dominant color and the important supporting colors. For other accent colors that are small in area or very low in saturation, it's great if they fit the model — and no problem if they don't."},{"t":"p","x":"比如上面照片中的绿色植被，由于被我大大的减少了饱和度和明度，在照片中很不显眼，并不会破坏蓝紫-黄橙的互补色搭配。","b":false,"xe":"For example, the green vegetation in the photo above was greatly reduced in saturation and lightness by me, making it inconspicuous — it doesn't break the blue-violet/yellow-orange complementary pairing."},{"t":"p","x":"在城市夜景中，这两对互补色也常常用到，比如下面的新加坡夜景，灯光统一成橙色，天空增加一些蓝色，互补搭配起来很好看。中间游船的灯轨，我故意保留了其红色，作为配色来点缀和丰富画面。","b":false,"xe":"These two complementary pairs are also often used in city night scenes. In the Singapore night view below, for instance, the lights are unified into orange while the sky gets some blue — a complementary pairing that looks great. For the light trails of the boat in the middle, I deliberately kept their red as an accent color to embellish and enrich the frame."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":1000,"h":448},{"t":"h","x":"分离补色搭配","xe":"Split-Complementary Combination"},{"t":"p","x":"有的时候，我们并不能把画面统一成完美的互补色。所以在互补色的基础上，有一些变形，分离补色就是其中之一。","b":false,"xe":"Sometimes we can't unify a scene into a perfect complementary pair. So there are variations built on complementary colors — split-complementary is one of them."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":1000,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"分离补色，就是把一对互补色的一侧，分开成它的两个相邻色。比如红色和绿色是互补色，而红、青、黄绿则变成了分离补色的搭配关系。","b":false,"xe":"Split-complementary means taking one side of a complementary pair and splitting it into its two neighboring colors. For example, red and green are complementary, while red, cyan, and yellow-green form a split-complementary relationship."},{"t":"p","x":"下面一张照片中，天空调成蓝色、蓝紫色、青色都是可以的。但是由于植被主要是黄绿色，屋顶则偏红色，所以为了形成分离补色的搭配模型，天空调成青色效果更好。","b":false,"xe":"In the photo below, grading the sky blue, blue-violet, or cyan would all be acceptable. But since the vegetation is mainly yellow-green and the roofs lean red, grading the sky cyan works better — forming a split-complementary model."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":1000,"h":608},{"t":"h","x":"冷暖色搭配","xe":"Warm-Cool Color Combination"},{"t":"p","x":"很多时候，我们并不一定非要把照片调成橙-蓝、黄橙-蓝紫这样的黄金互补组合。其实只要我们用一个冷色，搭配一个暖色，效果就足够出众了。","b":false,"xe":"Very often we don't have to grade a photo into the golden complementary pairs like orange/blue or yellow-orange/blue-violet. In fact, simply pairing one cool color with one warm color is enough for an outstanding result."},{"t":"p","x":"在色环中，黄色、黄橙色、橙色、红橙色、红色叫做暖色，绿色、青色、蓝色、蓝紫色、紫色叫做冷色。黄绿和紫红比较中性，成为了冷暖的分界线。","b":false,"xe":"On the color wheel, yellow, yellow-orange, orange, red-orange, and red are warm colors; green, cyan, blue, blue-violet, and violet are cool colors. Yellow-green and red-violet are relatively neutral, forming the dividing line between warm and cool."},{"t":"p","x":"在冷暖色搭配中，我们只需要找到一个（组）暖色和一个（组）冷色做对比就可以了。","b":false,"xe":"In a warm-cool combination, we only need to find one warm color (or group) and one cool color (or group) to contrast with each other."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":1000,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"下面这张阿尔卑斯小镇的照片，我就没有调成黄橙-蓝紫的严格互补色搭配。因为明显照片是正午拍摄，天空调成日出日落时分的蓝紫色颇为奇怪。所以我最终只是把天空调成了青色，形成黄橙-青的冷暖色搭配。","b":false,"xe":"In this photo of an Alpine village below, I did not grade it into a strict yellow-orange/blue-violet complementary scheme. The photo was clearly shot at noon, so grading the sky the blue-violet of sunrise or sunset would look quite odd. In the end I simply graded the sky cyan, forming a yellow-orange/cyan warm-cool combination."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":1000,"h":683},{"t":"p","x":"冷暖搭配常常能极大的提升风光照片的层次感，下次遇到一张金色辉煌的夕阳照片，不妨试试在暗部加入青色、蓝色等冷色，遇到一张寒冰幽蓝的照片，不妨试试在亮部加入黄色、橙色等暖色。","b":false,"xe":"Warm-cool combinations can often greatly enhance the layering of a landscape photo. Next time you have a golden, glorious sunset photo, try adding cool colors like cyan and blue to the shadows; next time you have a cold, icy blue photo, try adding warm colors like yellow and orange to the highlights."},{"t":"h","x":"色相自然很重要","xe":"Naturalness of Hue Matters"},{"t":"p","x":"我们上面讲到了色彩搭配的一些模型，但不意味着所有的照片，我们都要强行去套这些模型。因为摄影不是设计，除了色相的搭配之外，色相的合理自然更加重要。","b":false,"xe":"Above we covered several color combination models — but that doesn't mean every photo must be forced into one of them. Because photography is not design: beyond the combination of hues, the naturalness and plausibility of hues matters even more."},{"t":"p","x":"上面的最后一张照片就是一个好例子，虽然原来场景的色彩被后期完全改变。但是正午的天空，还是调成蓝色、青色才比较和谐。硬要弄成日落日出才有的蓝紫色，反而显得违和。","b":false,"xe":"The last photo above is a good example: although the scene's original colors were completely changed in post, a noon sky is still more harmonious graded blue or cyan. Forcing it into the blue-violet that only appears at sunrise and sunset would instead look out of place."},{"t":"p","x":"下面这张夜晚的天空也是，紫色的天空一般只在日落之后才会偶尔出现，夜景星空调成紫色，看起来一定不舒服。","b":false,"xe":"The same goes for this night sky below: purple skies generally appear only occasionally after sunset. Grading a night starry sky purple is guaranteed to look uncomfortable."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":1000,"h":668},{"t":"p","x":"让天空的色相更加偏蓝一些，才给人身临其境的夜晚氛围。","b":false,"xe":"Making the sky's hue lean more toward blue is what gives people the immersive atmosphere of night."},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":1000,"h":668},{"t":"p","x":"同样的道理，人的皮肤一般都是黄色、橙色、红色，为了色相搭配硬把肤色调成绿色、紫色之类，就变成科幻片了。","b":false,"xe":"By the same logic, human skin is generally yellow, orange, or red — forcing skin tones green or purple for the sake of hue combination turns the photo into science fiction."},{"t":"p","x":"摄影后期不同于平面设计，色彩搭配的前提，一定要注意色相的自然合理。","b":false,"xe":"Photo post-processing differs from graphic design: the prerequisite of color combination is that hues must remain natural and plausible."},{"t":"p","x":"本文节选自托马斯的畅销摄影书《风光摄影后期基础》","b":false,"xe":"This article is excerpted from Thomas's best-selling photography book \"The Fundamentals of Landscape Photography Post-Processing\" (《风光摄影后期基础》)."},{"t":"h","x":"欢迎关注@Thomas看看世界，","xe":"Follow @Thomas Chu Photo,"},{"t":"h","x":"每周学会一个摄影技能。","xe":"and learn one photography skill every week."},{"t":"p","x":"托马斯近几周在巴基斯坦山区徒步，可能无法及时回复大家的留言和消息。","b":false,"xe":"Thomas has been trekking in the mountains of Pakistan these weeks and may not be able to reply to your comments and messages in time."}],"titleEn":"Learn Common Color Schemes and Fear Grading No More"}