{"slug":"color-theory-basics","title":"学会后期调色，从认识颜色开始","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2017-07-09","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247485787&idx=1&sn=5c5bafd0b69d7c6ceeb88dad3112b705&chksm=eb81f73fdcf67e299169d5ef821853009b132179743ae2b6c7e7549297505013f62979972f52&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"p","x":"要真正弄懂调色，首先要理解RGB、CMYK、HSL、互补色等等色彩基础理论。","b":false,"xe":"To truly understand color grading, you first need to understand fundamental color theory: RGB, CMYK, HSL, complementary colors, and so on."},{"t":"p","x":"几乎所有的后期调色工具，都是建立在这些色彩模型之上的。","b":false,"xe":"Almost all post-processing color tools are built on top of these color models."},{"t":"h","x":"1","xe":"1"},{"t":"h","x":"RGB vs CMYK","xe":"RGB vs CMYK"},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":1000,"h":603},{"t":"p","x":"没有光线就没有色彩。而在自然界中，我们一共可以看到两种类型的光线。","b":false,"xe":"Without light there is no color. In nature, we can see two types of light."},{"t":"p","x":"第一种是物体自身发出光线，比如灯泡、显示器、电视等等。中学的时候我们学过三棱镜的实验。自然界中的白光并不是单色光，用棱镜色散之后会看到组成白光的多种色光。","b":false,"xe":"The first type is light emitted by objects themselves — light bulbs, monitors, TVs, and so on. In middle school we all learned the prism experiment: the white light of nature is not monochromatic; after dispersion through a prism you see the many colored rays that make up white light."},{"t":"p","x":"白色光线是由这些五彩光线相加形成的。所以这些自发光的物体，对应的是加色模型。","b":false,"xe":"White light is formed by adding these colorful rays together. So these self-luminous objects correspond to the additive color model."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":800,"h":600},{"t":"p","x":"第二种是物体反射的光线，比如颜料、涂料、印刷品等等。","b":false,"xe":"The second type is light reflected by objects — pigments, paints, printed materials, and so on."},{"t":"p","x":"这些物体吸收了一部分光线，而反射剩下的一些光线，从而显示出不同的色彩。因此这些反射出来的颜色，则对应了减色模型。","b":false,"xe":"These objects absorb part of the light and reflect the rest, thereby displaying different colors. Therefore these reflected colors correspond to the subtractive color model."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":1000,"h":666},{"t":"p","x":"无论是哪种色彩模型，首先我们都要定义一个概念，叫做“原色”。原色，是不能通过其他颜色，混合而得出的“基本色”。","b":false,"xe":"Whichever color model we use, we must first define a concept called \"primary colors.\" Primaries are the \"basic colors\" that cannot be obtained by mixing other colors."},{"t":"p","x":"在加色模型中，一共有红（R）、绿（G）、蓝（B）三原色。而红绿蓝三原色两两混合，可以形成黄、青、品三种二次色。继续混合，则能调出各种各样的色彩。","b":false,"xe":"In the additive model there are three primaries: red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Mixing the RGB primaries in pairs produces the three secondary colors yellow, cyan, and magenta. Keep mixing, and you can blend out all kinds of colors."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":800,"h":800},{"t":"p","x":"可以想象上面一张照片，是一个黑色的显示器。首先我在显示器上显示一个红色圆形，然后再在显示器上显示一个蓝色圆形，你会发现红、蓝重合的地方，混合形成了品红色。","b":false,"xe":"Imagine the image above is a black monitor. First I display a red circle on it, then a blue circle — you will find that where red and blue overlap, they mix into magenta."},{"t":"p","x":"如果我再显示一个绿色圆圈。你会看到红绿混合形成黄色，绿蓝混合形成青色。而红绿蓝全部重合的地方，则发出了纯白色光。","b":false,"xe":"If I then display a green circle, you will see red and green mix into yellow, green and blue mix into cyan — and where all of red, green, and blue overlap, pure white light is emitted."},{"t":"h","x":"与加色模型不同，在减色模型中，三原色变成了青（C）、品（M）、黄（Y）。","xe":"Unlike the additive model, in the subtractive model the three primaries become cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y)."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":800,"h":800},{"t":"p","x":"我们可以想象上面一张图是一张白纸。首先我们用黄色颜料画一个圆，再用青色颜料画一个圆，你会看到黄青混合出了绿色。","b":false,"xe":"Imagine the image above is a sheet of white paper. First we paint a circle with yellow pigment, then a circle with cyan pigment — you will see yellow and cyan mix into green."},{"t":"p","x":"如果我们再用品红色颜料画个圆，就可以看到黄品混合而成的红色，以及青品混合而成的蓝色。而青品黄全部混合在一起，则变成了黑色。","b":false,"xe":"If we then paint a circle with magenta pigment, you can see red mixed from yellow and magenta, and blue mixed from cyan and magenta. And where cyan, magenta, and yellow all mix together, it becomes black."},{"t":"p","x":"在大规模打印中，青品黄颜料混合成的黑色并不够纯黑，而且成本太高。因此印刷机还有专门的黑色（K）墨水。CMYK中的最后一个K，就是指的这个黑色。","b":false,"xe":"In large-scale printing, the black produced by mixing CMY pigments is not pure enough and costs too much. So printing presses have a dedicated black (K) ink. The final K in CMYK refers to exactly this black."},{"t":"h","x":"2","xe":"2"},{"t":"h","x":"互补色与相邻色","xe":"Complementary and Adjacent Colors"},{"t":"p","x":"无论是RGB，还是CMY，虽然他们的原色不同。但是色彩之间的混合关系却是相同的，比如绿色和红色，混合出来的都是黄色。","b":false,"xe":"Whether RGB or CMY, although their primaries differ, the mixing relationships between colors are the same — for example, green mixed with red produces yellow in both."},{"t":"p","x":"我们把RGBCMY一起画在下面的照片中，可以发现一些有趣的色彩关系。（下面这张图非常重要，最好能熟练记住。）","b":false,"xe":"If we draw RGBCMY together in the image below, we can discover some interesting color relationships. (This image is very important — best to memorize it well.)"},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":536,"h":800},{"t":"p","x":"我们把一种颜色相邻的两种颜色，叫做的他的相邻色。如上图所示，青色的相邻色，是绿色和蓝色。绿色的相邻色，是黄色和青色。","b":false,"xe":"We call the two colors adjacent to a color its adjacent colors. As shown above, cyan's adjacent colors are green and blue; green's adjacent colors are yellow and cyan."},{"t":"p","x":"而一种颜色对面的颜色，叫做他的互补色。比如红色的互补色是青色，绿色的互补色是品色。","b":false,"xe":"And the color opposite a color is called its complementary color. For example, red's complement is cyan, and green's complement is magenta."},{"t":"p","x":"相邻色和互补色，是我们调色的一个重要依据。","b":false,"xe":"Adjacent colors and complementary colors are an important basis for our color grading."},{"t":"h","x":"我们要增加一种颜色，一共有两种方式：一是增加他的相邻色，二是减少他的互补色。","xe":"To increase a color, there are two ways: first, increase its adjacent colors; second, decrease its complementary color."},{"t":"p","x":"比如我们要增加红色，既可以同时增加他的相邻色黄色和品色，也可以减少他的互补色青色。我们可以使用Photoshop里的可选颜色工具：","b":false,"xe":"For example, to increase red, we can either simultaneously increase its adjacent colors yellow and magenta, or decrease its complementary color cyan. We can use the Selective Color tool in Photoshop:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":919,"h":800},{"t":"p","x":"我们可以把可选颜色的“洋红”和“黄色”滑块往右移。洋红和黄色混合形成红色（红色的相邻色是洋红和黄色），所以同时增加洋红、黄色，也就是增加了红色。","b":false,"xe":"We can move the \"Magenta\" and \"Yellow\" sliders of Selective Color to the right. Magenta and yellow mix into red (red's adjacent colors are magenta and yellow), so increasing magenta and yellow together means increasing red."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":498,"h":566},{"t":"p","x":"我们也可以把青色滑块往左移。由于青色和红色是互补色，所以减青就是加红，同样增加了照片中的红色。","b":false,"xe":"We can also move the cyan slider to the left. Since cyan and red are complementary, reducing cyan means adding red — likewise increasing the red in the photo."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":500,"h":432},{"t":"p","x":"相邻色和互补色的概念是很多PS调色工具的基石。除了可选颜色工具，色彩平衡工具也是一样。青红、品绿、黄蓝三组互补色的调整滑块一字排开，任何色彩都可以调出来。","b":false,"xe":"The concepts of adjacent and complementary colors are the cornerstone of many PS color tools. Besides Selective Color, the Color Balance tool works the same way: the three complementary pairs cyan/red, magenta/green, and yellow/blue are laid out in a row of sliders — any color can be dialed in."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":500,"h":430},{"t":"p","x":"如果把三组互补色滑块，精简到两组，就变成了白平衡调整里的色温色调工具。","b":false,"xe":"If you condense the three pairs of complementary sliders down to two, you get the Temperature and Tint tool in white balance adjustment."},{"t":"p","x":"色温滑块右移加黄，左移减黄（加蓝）。色调滑块右移加品红，左移减品（加绿）。","b":false,"xe":"Moving the Temperature slider right adds yellow; moving it left reduces yellow (adds blue). Moving the Tint slider right adds magenta; moving it left reduces magenta (adds green)."},{"t":"p","x":"那么问题来了，如何用色温色调滑块让照片偏红、偏青呢？","b":false,"xe":"So here comes the question: how do you use the Temperature and Tint sliders to make a photo lean red, or lean cyan?"},{"t":"p","x":"很简单，红色的相邻色是黄色和品色。所以色温色调同时右移，加黄加品，也就是加红。","b":false,"xe":"Simple: red's adjacent colors are yellow and magenta. So move Temperature and Tint right at the same time — adding yellow and adding magenta — which is adding red."},{"t":"p","x":"青色和相邻色是蓝色和绿色，把色温色调滑块一起左移，就可以让照片偏青啦。","b":false,"xe":"Cyan's adjacent colors are blue and green. Move the Temperature and Tint sliders left together, and the photo leans cyan."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":1000,"h":484},{"t":"p","x":"理解了RGBCMY的相邻色、互补色关系，很多复杂的调色问题都迎刃而解。","b":false,"xe":"Once you understand the adjacent/complementary relationships of RGBCMY, many complex color grading problems solve themselves."},{"t":"p","x":"比如下面一个S型的红色通道曲线，高光加红，阴影减红。因此调出来的照片，高光偏红，阴影偏青（红色互补色）。","b":false,"xe":"For example, the S-shaped red channel curve below adds red to the highlights and subtracts red from the shadows. The resulting photo therefore leans red in the highlights and cyan (red's complement) in the shadows."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":895,"h":800},{"t":"p","x":"总而言之，下面这幅图，RGBCMY（红绿蓝青品黄）六种颜色的关系，一定要记牢了，很多调色难题都会迎刃而解。","b":false,"xe":"In short, the relationships among the six colors RGBCMY (red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow) in the image below must be memorized — many color grading challenges will then resolve themselves."},{"t":"h","x":"3","xe":"3"},{"t":"h","x":"HSL色彩空间","xe":"The HSL Color Space"},{"t":"p","x":"RGB模型对人类而言并不直观，比如我说一种颜色是由60%红，30%绿和90%蓝组成的，你应该很难想象出来，这到底是哪种颜色？","b":false,"xe":"The RGB model is not intuitive for humans. If I say a color consists of 60% red, 30% green, and 90% blue, you would find it hard to imagine exactly which color that is."},{"t":"p","x":"因此人们设计出了HSL色彩空间，来更加直观的表达颜色。HSL是色相（Hue）、饱和度（Saturation）和亮度（Lightness）这三个颜色属性的简称。","b":false,"xe":"So people designed the HSL color space to express colors more intuitively. HSL is short for the three color attributes Hue, Saturation, and Lightness."},{"t":"p","x":"色相（Hue）是色彩的基本属性，就是人们平常所说的颜色名称，如紫色、青色、品红等等。我们可以在一个圆环上表示出所有的色相。","b":true,"xe":"Hue is the basic attribute of a color — what people ordinarily call the color's name, such as violet, cyan, magenta, and so on. We can represent all hues on a ring."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":640,"h":571},{"t":"p","x":"色环上的0度、120度、240度位置，分别对应了RGB模型的红、绿、蓝三原色。原色两两混合形成了二次色。比如黄色（60度）就是由红色和绿色混合而成；蓝色和绿色则相加形成青色（180度）；品红（300度）则由红蓝两色组成。","b":false,"xe":"The 0°, 120°, and 240° positions on the ring correspond to the RGB primaries red, green, and blue. The primaries mix in pairs to form the secondary colors: yellow (60°), for example, is mixed from red and green; blue and green add into cyan (180°); magenta (300°) is composed of red and blue."},{"t":"p","x":"原色和二次色之间，还有各种丰富的复色色相过渡，比如270度的紫色介于品红和蓝色之间。30度的橙色则是由红色黄色混合而成。","b":false,"xe":"Between the primaries and secondaries there are rich transitional tertiary hues — for example, violet at 270° lies between magenta and blue, and orange at 30° is mixed from red and yellow."},{"t":"p","x":"饱和度（Saturation）是指色彩的纯度，饱和度越高色彩越纯越浓，饱和度越低则色彩变灰变淡。","b":true,"xe":"Saturation refers to the purity of a color: the higher the saturation, the purer and richer the color; the lower the saturation, the grayer and paler it becomes."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":640,"h":320},{"t":"p","x":"亮度（Lightness）指的是色彩的明暗程度，亮度值越高，色彩越白，亮度越低，色彩越黑。","b":true,"xe":"Lightness refers to how bright or dark a color is: the higher the lightness value, the whiter the color; the lower, the blacker."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":640,"h":253},{"t":"p","x":"我们把色相（Hue）、饱和度（Saturation）和亮度（Lightness）三个属性整合到一个圆柱中，就形成了HSL色彩空间模型。","b":false,"xe":"Integrating the three attributes Hue, Saturation, and Lightness into a cylinder forms the HSL color space model."},{"t":"p","x":"HSL圆柱中的任意一个点，都对应了一种颜色。圆环上的度数代表了颜色的色相，离中轴的距离代表了颜色的饱和度，点的高度则对应了颜色的亮度。","b":false,"xe":"Any point in the HSL cylinder corresponds to a color. The degree on the ring represents the color's hue; the distance from the central axis represents its saturation; and the height of the point corresponds to its lightness."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":640,"h":460},{"t":"p","x":"在ACR（以及Lightroom）中，第4个调整面板 - HSL面板，就是基于HSL色彩空间的后期调色工具。关于HSL工具的详细教程，可以参考《学会调色，从理解HSL面板开始》","b":false,"xe":"In ACR (and Lightroom), the 4th adjustment panel — the HSL panel — is a post-processing color tool based on the HSL color space. For a detailed tutorial on the HSL tool, see \"Learn Color Grading by Understanding the HSL Panel First\" (《学会调色，从理解HSL面板开始》)."},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":640,"h":776},{"t":"h","x":"总结","xe":"Summary"},{"t":"p","x":"1. 色彩因光线而存在。发光物体对应加色模型，三原色是RGB红绿蓝。反光物体对应减色模型，三原色是CMY青品黄。","b":false,"xe":"1. Color exists because of light. Self-luminous objects correspond to the additive model, whose primaries are RGB (red, green, blue). Reflective objects correspond to the subtractive model, whose primaries are CMY (cyan, magenta, yellow)."},{"t":"p","x":"2. 红青、蓝黄、绿品是三组互补色。要增加一种颜色，可以同时增加他的相邻色，或者减少他的互补色。","b":false,"xe":"2. Red/cyan, blue/yellow, and green/magenta are the three complementary pairs. To increase a color, you can either increase its adjacent colors or decrease its complementary color."},{"t":"p","x":"3. 色相（H）、饱和度（S）和亮度（L）是颜色的三个基本属性。","b":false,"xe":"3. Hue (H), Saturation (S), and Lightness (L) are the three basic attributes of a color."},{"t":"h","x":"欢迎关注@Thomas看看世界，","xe":"Follow @Thomas Chu Photo,"},{"t":"h","x":"每周学会一个摄影技能。","xe":"and learn one photography skill every week."},{"t":"h","x":"本文内容，节选自我的课程《Lightroom 后期调色》。","xe":"The content of this article is excerpted from my course \"Lightroom Post-Processing Color Grading\" (《Lightroom 后期调色》)."}],"titleEn":"Master Color Grading, Starting from Color Itself"}