{"slug":"composition-addition","title":"光会减法还不够，如何做好摄影中的“加法”？","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2019-01-10","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247488161&idx=1&sn=9d925725417177bfe595bb5a52c39700&chksm=eb81ecc5dcf665d382d7198c8b955e1f444d16b293795b118d387441f3feaf4306740d58aa9a&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"@托马斯：没有加法做支撑，摄影中的减法只不过是空中楼阁，并没有达到真正的境界。","b":false,"xe":"@Thomas: Without addition as its foundation, subtraction in photography is a castle in the air — it never reaches the true realm."},{"t":"p","x":"Terry-F老师的这篇文章，就以观念摄影为例，和我们探讨了如何去做摄影中的加法，希望对大家有所启发。","b":false,"xe":"In this article, teacher Terry F uses conceptual photography as an example to explore how to do addition in photography. We hope it inspires you."},{"t":"p","x":"摄影需要做减法，这已经成为了常识。实际上，减法是一个“避错”的工作，它的目的是排除画面中多余的内容，减少对主题的干扰。","b":false,"xe":"That photography requires subtraction has become common knowledge. In fact, subtraction is \"mistake-avoidance\" work: its purpose is to remove superfluous content from the frame and reduce interference with the theme."},{"t":"p","x":"当你带着计划、带着装备走到拍摄场景中，往往需要用“减法”思维，去避免不必要的物体出现在画面中。","b":false,"xe":"When you walk into a scene with a plan and your gear, you often need \"subtraction\" thinking to keep unnecessary objects out of the frame."},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":1080,"h":864},{"t":"p","x":"比如上面左图，背景中的房屋让主体不够突出。我在后期制作烟雾弱化细节之后，右图的画面明显更干净。","b":false,"xe":"Take the left image above: the houses in the background keep the subject from standing out. After I added fog in post to weaken the detail, the right image is clearly cleaner."},{"t":"p","x":"但并不是大家在运用这个道理后，都能拍出好片。当你把多余的内容减掉，让主题更突出的时候，却有可能发现这个主题非常无趣，毫无亮点。","b":false,"xe":"But not everyone who applies this principle produces good photos. When you've subtracted the superfluous content to make the theme more prominent, you may find the theme itself utterly boring, with no highlight at all."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":1080,"h":608},{"t":"p","x":"上图就是一个无聊的减法运算。我回避了远处杂乱的荒草，近处杂乱的脚印，天空中差强人意的云层，只留下简单的人物和沙丘的线条。","b":false,"xe":"The image above is a boring subtraction. I avoided the messy wild grass in the distance, the messy footprints nearby, and the passable clouds in the sky, keeping only the simple figure and the dune's lines."},{"t":"p","x":"但仔细想想，这张图对于我来说毫无意思。没有观点，没有想象，没有强烈的情绪，也没有反映什么特征。","b":false,"xe":"But thinking carefully, this image means nothing to me. No viewpoint, no imagination, no strong emotion, and no distinctive trait reflected."},{"t":"p","x":"没有趣味，减法做的再好也是白搭。我们更需要学会找到一个有价值的主题，讲一个生动的故事，或是展现一种强烈的情感。那么这时候，加法就显得至关重要了。","b":false,"xe":"Without interest, even perfect subtraction is useless. What we need more is to find a valuable theme, tell a vivid story, or express a strong emotion — and that's when addition becomes crucial."},{"t":"h","x":"“加法”才是支撑内容价值的基础。没有做好“加法”，减法也无法达到效果。","xe":"\"Addition\" is the foundation that supports the content's value. Without good addition, subtraction can't achieve its effect either."},{"t":"h","x":"1","xe":"1"},{"t":"h","x":"失败的加法","xe":"Failed Addition"},{"t":"p","x":"其实很多人非常喜欢做加法。但又有着这样的疑惑：","b":false,"xe":"Actually, many people love doing addition. But they share this confusion:"},{"t":"p","x":"“运用了这么多技术，为什么我的作品依旧普普通通？”","b":false,"xe":"\"I've applied so many techniques — why is my work still ordinary?\""},{"t":"p","x":"明明在画面里有光有景有美女，还能P的一手好照片，但为何依旧不够出众？","b":false,"xe":"The frame has light, scenery, and a beautiful model, and the editing is slick — so why does it still fail to stand out?"},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":1080,"h":720},{"t":"p","x":"像上图这样，技术带来的不一定是大片，也有可能是一个雷人的大火球。","b":false,"xe":"As in the image above, technique doesn't necessarily produce a masterpiece — it can also produce a cringe-inducing giant fireball."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":620,"h":310},{"t":"p","x":"作者：Caras Ionut","b":false,"xe":"Author: Caras Ionut"},{"t":"p","x":"类似上面两图，即便是技术高超的后期达人，倘若沉迷炫技，他们拼凑出来的无非只是插图而已。","b":false,"xe":"Like the two images above: even a highly skilled editing master, if addicted to showing off technique, pieces together nothing more than an illustration."},{"t":"p","x":"单纯的技术或者内容上的堆砌，无法让一张普通的照片变成有冲击力的作品。","b":false,"xe":"Merely stacking techniques or content cannot turn an ordinary photo into an impactful work."},{"t":"p","x":"你有技术别人也有，你有好看的模特，别人也有。那么你的优势在哪里体现呢？","b":false,"xe":"You have technique — so do others. You have a good-looking model — so do others. Where does your advantage show?"},{"t":"p","x":"当大家都在努力的时候，你自以为的优势，可能早已变成平庸。","b":false,"xe":"When everyone is working hard, the advantage you prided yourself on may already have become mediocre."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":490,"h":713},{"t":"p","x":"就像大厨和我做同一道菜，哪怕食材厨具完全一样，最终结果都有可能天壤之别","b":false,"xe":"It's like a master chef and me cooking the same dish: even with identical ingredients and tools, the final results can be worlds apart."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":1080,"h":545},{"t":"p","x":"并不是只要舍得下料就能做出美味大餐。","b":false,"xe":"Delicious feasts aren't made by merely being generous with ingredients."},{"t":"p","x":"譬如说小王找到了个好看的模特，为了出众的效果让她搭配上了华丽的裙子，然后看到别人拍片用了气球用了伞，于是也把这俩带上。去了一个华丽的场景里拍照。拍完了觉得不够酷炫，又加上了倒影和黄蓝光。","b":false,"xe":"Say Xiao Wang found a good-looking model and dressed her in a gorgeous gown for a striking effect; then, seeing others use balloons and umbrellas in their shoots, he brought those along too. He went to a gorgeous location to shoot. Afterward, feeling it wasn't cool enough, he added reflections and yellow-blue light."},{"t":"p","x":"这么多东西加到一起，小王突然觉得自己变成了摄影大佬。","b":false,"xe":"With so many things added together, Xiao Wang suddenly felt he had become a photography master."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":790,"h":790},{"t":"p","x":"一位好厨子，不管做什么菜，都讲究食材搭配、火候以及配料方法。","b":false,"xe":"A good chef, whatever dish they make, cares about ingredient pairing, heat control, and seasoning method."},{"t":"p","x":"摄影师也一样，画面内容搭配好了，拍摄时机选好了，再加上合理的构图和布光，就能够拍摄出合格的照片。","b":false,"xe":"The same goes for photographers: pair the frame's content well, choose the right moment, add sensible composition and lighting — and you can shoot a qualified photo."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":1000,"h":1198},{"t":"p","x":"上图就是一张合格的照片，也仅仅是合格而已，只能说应景、好看，该做的加法做了，该做的减法也做了，但并没有什么让人眼前一亮的感觉。","b":false,"xe":"The image above is a qualified photo — and only qualified. It's fitting and pretty; the additions that should be made were made, and so were the subtractions — but nothing about it makes one's eyes light up."},{"t":"p","x":"它最大的亮点也不在于故事有多深奥，情绪有多强烈，无非就是200米长的灯串打造的场景比较壮观罢了。归根结底，这还是一张平庸的照片。","b":false,"xe":"Its biggest highlight isn't a profound story or strong emotion — it's merely the spectacle built from a 200-meter string of lights. At the end of the day, it's still a mediocre photo."},{"t":"p","x":"但是我们将食材搭配稍作调整，换一些配料，就能达到更加强烈的效果。拍摄成本下去了，内容反而更加耐人寻味。","b":false,"xe":"But adjust the ingredient pairing slightly, swap in different seasoning, and you can achieve a far stronger effect. The shooting cost goes down while the content becomes more thought-provoking."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":1080,"h":1080},{"t":"p","x":"内容搭配上的一点点变化都会给作品带来翻天覆地的影响。","b":false,"xe":"Even a small change in content pairing can transform a work completely."},{"t":"h","x":"2","xe":"2"},{"t":"h","x":"优秀的加法","xe":"Excellent Addition"},{"t":"p","x":"那么我们该如何做好加法呢？","b":false,"xe":"So how do we do addition well?"},{"t":"p","x":"以鸡蛋为例，我们来看看如何一步一步增加内容，把一个简单的鸡蛋拍成震撼的作品。","b":false,"xe":"Let's take an egg as an example and see how, step by step, added content turns a simple egg into a stunning work."},{"t":"p","x":"极少有摄影师真的踏踏实实地拿鸡蛋为题材练习拍摄。但大家一定听说过达芬奇画蛋的故事。画蛋可以作为一个起点，那么拍蛋也有着同样的价值。","b":false,"xe":"Very few photographers seriously practice shooting with eggs as their subject. But everyone has heard the story of Da Vinci drawing eggs. Drawing eggs can be a starting point — and shooting eggs has the same value."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":658,"h":503},{"t":"p","x":"换句话说，连蛋都拍不好，你哪来的自信心拍人像大片？","b":false,"xe":"In other words, if you can't even shoot an egg well, where does your confidence for portrait masterpieces come from?"},{"t":"p","x":"我们可以把鸡蛋视为一个最基本的物体形态。加上合理的光影，使之产生各种不同的质感。","b":false,"xe":"We can treat the egg as a most basic object form. Add sensible light and shadow to give it all kinds of textures."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":900,"h":675},{"t":"p","x":"作者：Empud","b":false,"xe":"Author: Empud"},{"t":"p","x":"也可以用高级一些的布光让画面充满更加生动的气息。","b":false,"xe":"You can also use more advanced lighting to fill the frame with a livelier breath."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":585,"h":588},{"t":"p","x":"作者：D.A. Wagner","b":false,"xe":"Author: D.A. Wagner"},{"t":"p","x":"Paolo Farinella让鸡蛋的投影变成小鸡，给照片增加了不少乐趣。","b":false,"xe":"Paolo Farinella turned the egg's shadow into a chick, adding plenty of fun to the photo."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":900,"h":600},{"t":"p","x":"我们还可以再进一步，给鸡蛋加上更丰富的故事。前不久的CT学员摄影比赛中，我们就看到了这样的作品。","b":false,"xe":"We can go further and give the egg a richer story. In a recent CT student photography competition, we saw just such a work."},{"t":"p","x":"作者未央巧妙地将鸡蛋的故事放到笼中，暗示了鸡蛋的命运，给画面增加了强烈的戏剧效果。","b":false,"xe":"The author Weiyang cleverly placed the egg's story inside a cage, hinting at the egg's fate and adding a strong dramatic effect to the frame."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":1080,"h":1080},{"t":"p","x":"作者：未央Bulabula","b":false,"xe":"Author: 未央Bulabula"},{"t":"p","x":"当然，我们还可以继续增加故事内容，但并不是东西越多越好，故事讲清楚了，讲地深入人心了，就可以就此打住。留给观众继续思考的空间。一张好照片，一部好电影或是一本好小说，都不会弄得又臭又长。","b":false,"xe":"Of course, we could keep adding to the story — but more things is not better. Once the story is told clearly and sinks into people's hearts, it's time to stop, leaving room for the viewer to keep thinking. A good photo, a good film, or a good novel is never long and tedious."},{"t":"h","x":"3","xe":"3"},{"t":"h","x":"1+1+1的构思方法","xe":"The 1+1+1 Conception Method"},{"t":"p","x":"首先想清楚：画面中最重要的东西是什么？","b":false,"xe":"First, think clearly: what is the most important thing in the frame?"},{"t":"p","x":"然后思考用怎样的其他元素来填满画面，并且能够达到支撑关键要素的目的？","b":false,"xe":"Then think about what other elements should fill the frame to support the key element."},{"t":"p","x":"最后再审视一下自己有怎样的技能来实现画面？","b":false,"xe":"Finally, review what skills you have to realize the image."},{"t":"p","x":"我们以下图为例，大家可以想一下画面中最重要的元素是什么。","b":false,"xe":"Take the image below — think about what its most important element is."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":1080,"h":1080},{"t":"p","x":"倘若你脑海中的关键词是：少女，长发，回首等，那恐怕你的起点就错了。","b":false,"xe":"If the keywords in your mind are: girl, long hair, looking back — then your starting point is probably wrong."},{"t":"p","x":"实际上这个画面的主体不是人物，而是雪景这个要素。人物可以换，动作可以改，衣着可以再挑一挑，但是雪在这个场合下是不可替代的要素。","b":false,"xe":"In fact, the subject of this frame is not the person but the snow scene. The person can be swapped, the pose changed, the outfit re-picked — but in this context, snow is the irreplaceable element."},{"t":"p","x":"将雪作为思考的起点，让其他要素来配合这一主题会产生更强烈的效果。","b":false,"xe":"Taking the snow as the starting point of thought and letting other elements support this theme produces a far stronger effect."},{"t":"p","x":"思考过程如下：","b":false,"xe":"The thought process is as follows:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":557,"h":269},{"t":"p","x":"在完成思考之后，就需要确定一下自己当前的技术能否实现画面，以及去哪里、准备什么道具之类的问题了。","b":false,"xe":"After finishing the thinking, determine whether your current technique can realize the image, and questions like where to go and what props to prepare."},{"t":"p","x":"在看完上面分析之后，大家不妨自己思考一下“雨”这个主题该如何去拍呢？","b":false,"xe":"Having read the analysis above, why not think for yourself how to shoot the theme of \"rain\"?"},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":1067,"h":1600},{"t":"h","x":"总结","xe":"Summary"},{"t":"p","x":"我们选题的过程实际上就是一个对生活进行思考的过程。","b":false,"xe":"The process of choosing a subject is actually a process of thinking about life."},{"t":"p","x":"我们要学会发现身边事物的特征和现象。不论是一个鸡蛋、一大片烟囱还是一颗破碎的心灵，都可以成为我们创作的出发点，然后把一个简单的主题慢慢做加法，变成完整的故事；故事要点到为止，要留有思考的空间。","b":false,"xe":"We must learn to notice the characteristics and phenomena of things around us. Whether it's an egg, a great field of chimneys, or a broken heart — anything can be the starting point of creation. Then slowly add to a simple theme until it becomes a complete story; and the story should stop at the right point, leaving room for thought."},{"t":"p","x":"当我们找到了合适的方向，对作品有了较高的预期效果，那么接下来的一步才是到实战中做减法。","b":false,"xe":"Once we've found the right direction and have high expectations for the work, the next step is doing subtraction in the field."},{"t":"p","x":"或许有人认为自己的作品，只要画面震撼、气势宏大、内容热门或者妹子好看就满足了。这不是一个长远的目标。摄影是一个不断实现自我超越的过程。有一天你停止自我超越了，你的过往名望就会变成对自己的嘲讽。","b":false,"xe":"Some may feel satisfied as long as their work has a stunning image, grand momentum, a trendy subject, or a pretty girl. That is not a long-term goal. Photography is a process of constant self-transcendence. The day you stop surpassing yourself, your past fame becomes a mockery of you."},{"t":"h","x":"本文作者：","xe":"Author of this article:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":640,"h":640},{"t":"h","x":"▲ 冯韬（Terry F）","xe":"▲ Feng Tao (Terry F)"},{"t":"p","x":"Fine Art Photographer","b":false,"xe":"Fine Art Photographer"},{"t":"p","x":"美国Getty Image签约摄影师","b":false,"xe":"Getty Images contributing photographer"},{"t":"p","x":"Sony特约摄影师","b":false,"xe":"Sony contracted photographer"},{"t":"p","x":"微博年度十佳摄影师","b":false,"xe":"Weibo's Top Ten Photographers of the Year"},{"t":"p","x":"瑞典1x主题赛首位中国获奖摄影师","b":false,"xe":"The first Chinese winner of Sweden's 1x themed competition"}],"titleEn":"Beyond Subtraction: Mastering 'Addition' in Composition"}