{"slug":"guiding-viewers-eye","title":"好的摄影作品，要学会引导读者的视觉","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2017-04-30","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247485452&idx=1&sn=ef75191d737886bea0ef701b6dd4f894&chksm=eb81f668dcf67f7e96dcc8dc63a567dda1a14dc9d88ca4ab066a77eb7bfec59c46bea01d698d&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"p","x":"摄影是一种视觉的语言。一幅好的摄影作品，读者的视线一定是被控制在主体和兴趣点上，而不是被其他与主题无关的杂物所吸引。","b":false,"xe":"Photography is a visual language. In a good photographic work, the viewer's gaze is held on the subject and points of interest — not drawn to clutter unrelated to the theme."},{"t":"p","x":"今天的教程，托马斯会详细谈谈，摄影师都有哪些前后期方法，在照片中引导读者的视觉。","b":false,"xe":"In today's tutorial, Thomas discusses in detail the in-camera and post-processing methods photographers can use to guide the viewer's vision within a photo."},{"t":"h","x":"1","xe":"1"},{"t":"h","x":"反差引导","xe":"Guiding with Contrast"},{"t":"p","x":"在生活中，引人注目的总是那些与众不同的人和事。同样在摄影作品中，那些与画面其他区域，有明显反差的元素，也会引起读者的特别关注。","b":true,"xe":"In life, what catches the eye is always the people and things that stand out. Likewise, in a photographic work, elements with obvious contrast against the rest of the frame will attract the viewer's special attention."},{"t":"p","x":"一幅整体暗调的作品，画面中明亮的地方显得就格外突出。","b":false,"xe":"In an overall dark-toned work, the bright areas of the frame stand out especially."},{"t":"p","x":"比如下面这张Max Rive镜头中的巴塔哥尼亚，由于在晚上拍摄，整张照片亮度都很低。而恰到好处的拍摄时机，使得远处的罗伊峰被月光照亮，亮度比照片其他地方高出不少。","b":false,"xe":"Take this Patagonia scene through Max Rive's lens, for example: shot at night, the whole photo is very low in brightness. The perfectly timed capture lets the distant Cerro Torre be lit by moonlight, noticeably brighter than everywhere else in the photo."},{"t":"p","x":"后期又通过进一步的加深减淡，运用亮度的反差来引导读者视线。相信大家第一眼看到这张作品的时候，也是一下子就注意到了明亮的主体山峰。","b":false,"xe":"Further dodging and burning in post then uses brightness contrast to guide the viewer's gaze. I believe that the moment you first saw this work, you too immediately noticed the bright main peak."},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":1000,"h":661},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Max Rive，maxrive.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Max Rive, maxrive.tuchong.com"},{"t":"p","x":"暗调照片中亮的物体更突出。同样的，一张整体亮调的作品，画龙点睛的就是画面中暗的物体。","b":false,"xe":"In a dark-toned photo, bright objects stand out more. By the same token, in an overall bright work, the finishing touch comes from the dark objects in the frame."},{"t":"p","x":"例如下面一张高亮度的雪地照片，画面中最吸引人眼球的，还是那3个亮度偏暗的人。","b":false,"xe":"For example, in this high-brightness snow scene below, what attracts the eye most is still the 3 darker figures."},{"t":"p","x":"除了明暗反差之外，这张照片中还有一种隐藏的重要反差，就是人与自然的反差。千百年物竞天择的进化，让人类练就了一双，辨别出自然界中活物的火眼金睛。一张画面中有人的照片，通过人与自然的反差，就会吸引到不少注意力。","b":false,"xe":"Besides the light-dark contrast, this photo also contains a hidden but important contrast: that between people and nature. Through thousands of years of natural selection, humans have developed sharp eyes for spotting living things in nature. A photo with a person in the frame, through the contrast between human and nature, attracts considerable attention."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":1000,"h":631},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Thomas，thomaskksj.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Thomas, thomaskksj.tuchong.com"},{"t":"p","x":"除了亮和暗之外，还有一个叫对比度的亮度属性。在一幅整体对比度偏低的作品中，那些高对比的地方是读者的关注焦点。","b":false,"xe":"Beyond bright and dark, there is another brightness-related property called contrast. In a work whose overall contrast is low, the high-contrast spots become the viewer's focus."},{"t":"p","x":"例如下图中，极光和山峰剪影的交界处，是全图对比度最高的地方，也是全图的视觉中心。","b":false,"xe":"In the image below, for instance, the boundary between the aurora and the mountain silhouette is the highest-contrast spot in the whole picture — and also its visual center."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":1000,"h":534},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Max Rive，maxrive.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Max Rive, maxrive.tuchong.com"},{"t":"h","x":"一切可以形成反差的属性，都可以用来引导观者视觉，起到突出主体，画龙点睛的作用。","xe":"Every property that can form contrast can be used to guide the viewer's vision, serving to highlight the subject and add the finishing touch."},{"t":"p","x":"比如下图中，街道暖黄的光线，和雨中傍晚的蓝色冷调，形成了鲜明的对比，抓住了读者的目光，让照片显得更富表现力。","b":false,"xe":"In the image below, for instance, the warm yellow light of the street and the cool blue tones of the rainy evening form a sharp contrast, grabbing the viewer's gaze and making the photo more expressive."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":1000,"h":764},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Thomas，thomaskksj.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Thomas, thomaskksj.tuchong.com"},{"t":"p","x":"摄影新手常犯的一个错误，就是整张照片都是高锐度、高清晰度、类似HDR的充满了各种细节。","b":false,"xe":"A common mistake among photography beginners is making the whole photo high-sharpness, high-clarity, HDR-like and stuffed with every kind of detail."},{"t":"h","x":"一张满是细节的照片等于没有细节，因为这些细节互相冲突，互相争抢着读者宝贵的注意力。","xe":"A photo full of detail equals a photo with no detail, because those details conflict with each other, all competing for the viewer's precious attention."},{"t":"p","x":"而一幅好的作品，常常强化了兴趣点的清晰质感，弱化了画面其他区域的细节纹理。","b":false,"xe":"A good work, by contrast, often strengthens the crisp texture at the points of interest while weakening the detail and grain elsewhere in the frame."},{"t":"p","x":"例如下图中，只有光线照耀的云层和岩石上，我进行了大量的质感突出和细节锐化，其他地方我都保持不动，甚至降低了清晰度对比度。","b":false,"xe":"In the image below, for example, only on the light-struck clouds and rocks did I apply heavy texture enhancement and detail sharpening; everywhere else I left untouched, even reducing clarity and contrast."},{"t":"p","x":"这样读者的视线自然而然，聚焦到了细节最多的那部分岩石上。","b":false,"xe":"This way the viewer's gaze naturally focuses on the part of the rock with the most detail."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":1000,"h":881},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Thomas，thomaskksj.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Thomas, thomaskksj.tuchong.com"},{"t":"h","x":"2","xe":"2"},{"t":"h","x":"引导线引导","xe":"Guiding with Leading Lines"},{"t":"p","x":"读者的视线，会习惯性的顺着画面中的线条进行移动。因此如果我们可以在前期取景时拍入一些天然的线条，或者后期处理时人为强化一些线条，指向我们的主体。这些线条就会成为极好的引导线。","b":false,"xe":"The viewer's gaze habitually moves along the lines in a picture. So if we can capture natural lines when framing in the field, or deliberately strengthen some lines in post-processing, pointing toward our subject, those lines become excellent leading lines."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":1000,"h":667},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Max Rive，maxrive.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Max Rive, maxrive.tuchong.com"},{"t":"p","x":"比如这张Max Rive的照片中，就使用流向远方的河流作为引导线，把读者的视线引向远方的雪山。","b":false,"xe":"In this photo by Max Rive, for instance, the river flowing into the distance serves as a leading line, guiding the viewer's gaze toward the distant snowy mountains."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":1000,"h":667},{"t":"p","x":"自然界中的小路，河流，草木等等形成的线条，都是极佳的引导线。比如下图中，极影AX摄影师史炎冰，就用岩石作为了天然的引导线。","b":false,"xe":"Lines formed by paths, rivers, and vegetation in nature all make excellent leading lines. In the image below, for example, Jiying AX (极影AX) photographer 史炎冰 used rocks as natural leading lines."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":667,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"作者 史炎冰，bangbing.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: 史炎冰, bangbing.tuchong.com"},{"t":"p","x":"引导线除了那些明显的线条，还可以是那些隐含的指引关系。比如光线、人的目光、以及人手指的方向等等。","b":true,"xe":"Beyond obvious lines, leading lines can also be implied directional relationships — such as light, a person's gaze, or the direction a finger points."},{"t":"p","x":"下图中，读者的视线会顺着人手指的方向，移向远方的景物。","b":false,"xe":"In the image below, the viewer's gaze follows the direction the person's finger points, moving toward the scenery in the distance."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":1000,"h":507},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Max Rive，maxrive.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Max Rive, maxrive.tuchong.com"},{"t":"p","x":"光线虽然并不是一根根明显的线条，但是也有很强的指引能力。一张有光源的照片中，那些被光线照亮的部分，都会获得读者额外的注意力。","b":false,"xe":"Although light is not a set of explicit lines, it also has strong directional power. In a photo with a light source, the parts illuminated by light all receive the viewer's extra attention."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":1000,"h":668},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Thomas，thomaskksj.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Thomas, thomaskksj.tuchong.com"},{"t":"p","x":"下面这张照片中，有两条引导线指向山峰，你能看出来是哪两条吗？","b":false,"xe":"In the photo below, two leading lines point toward the peak — can you tell which two?"},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":1000,"h":668},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Thomas，thomaskksj.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Thomas, thomaskksj.tuchong.com"},{"t":"p","x":"一条是徒步者的目光，一条是倾泻而下的光线，都把读者引向形态奇特的山峰上。","b":false,"xe":"One is the hiker's gaze; the other is the light pouring down — both lead the viewer to the strangely shaped peak."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":1000,"h":668},{"t":"h","x":"3","xe":"3"},{"t":"h","x":"框构图引导","xe":"Guiding with Frame Composition"},{"t":"h","x":"框构图，可以把读者的视线限制在画框中间，从而强迫读者关注到画框之中的主体。","xe":"Frame composition can confine the viewer's gaze to the middle of the frame, forcing the viewer to focus on the subject within it."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":1000,"h":376},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Max Rive，maxrive.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Max Rive, maxrive.tuchong.com"},{"t":"p","x":"Max Rive是一名运用框构图的高手，广角镜头下畸变的树木，既成为了充满视觉张力的前景，又作为画框，限制读者的视线，不要游离到画面之外。","b":false,"xe":"Max Rive is a master of frame composition: trees distorted by the wide-angle lens become both a visually tense foreground and a frame that confines the viewer's gaze, keeping it from wandering outside the picture."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":1000,"h":682},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Max Rive，maxrive.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Max Rive, maxrive.tuchong.com"},{"t":"p","x":"画框在自然界中无处不在，需要我们用心去发现和寻找。","b":false,"xe":"Frames are everywhere in nature — they take a careful eye to discover and find."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":534,"h":800},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Pan Weihao，panweihao.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Pan Weihao, panweihao.tuchong.com"},{"t":"p","x":"即便是瞬息万变的云雾，有时也能起到画框的效果。","b":false,"xe":"Even the ever-shifting clouds and mist can sometimes serve as a frame."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":1000,"h":697},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Thomas，thomaskksj.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Thomas, thomaskksj.tuchong.com"},{"t":"h","x":"4","xe":"4"},{"t":"h","x":"综合引导","xe":"Combined Guidance"},{"t":"p","x":"一幅主体明确，兴趣点突出的好作品，常常会同时运用上面提到的多种引导手法。","b":false,"xe":"A good work with a clear subject and prominent points of interest often employs several of the guidance methods mentioned above at the same time."},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":1000,"h":620},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Max Rive，maxrive.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Max Rive, maxrive.tuchong.com"},{"t":"p","x":"上面一张作品中，同时运用了框构图，以及明暗反差、冷暖反差的方式，让远处看起来很小的山峰，也显得格外突出。","b":false,"xe":"The work above simultaneously uses frame composition plus light-dark and warm-cool contrast, making even the tiny-looking distant peak remarkably prominent."},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":1000,"h":703},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Max Rive，maxrive.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Max Rive, maxrive.tuchong.com"},{"t":"p","x":"上面这幅作品中，明暗反差、冷暖反差，引导线（河流、树枝），和框构图（树木）都有运用到，500px的满分作品果然名不虚传。","b":false,"xe":"In the work above, light-dark contrast, warm-cool contrast, leading lines (the river, the branches), and frame composition (the trees) are all employed — a perfect-score work on 500px that truly lives up to its reputation."},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":1000,"h":667},{"t":"p","x":"作者 Max Rive，maxrive.tuchong.com","b":false,"xe":"Author: Max Rive, maxrive.tuchong.com"},{"t":"p","x":"上面这张优秀照片中，除了冷暖、明暗反差之外，还用到了多达3条引导线。包括左边通过增加部分灌木饱和度，后期形成的一条引导线，中间河流形成的曲线，以及右边背包客的视线。","b":false,"xe":"In this excellent photo above, besides warm-cool and light-dark contrast, as many as 3 leading lines are used: one on the left formed in post by boosting the saturation of some shrubs, the curve of the river in the middle, and the backpacker's line of sight on the right."},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":1000,"h":667},{"t":"p","x":"总而言之，合理应用反差、引导线和框构图三种方式，引导读者的视觉到照片兴趣点上，会让我们的摄影作品更加优秀。","b":true,"xe":"In short, properly applying the three methods — contrast, leading lines, and frame composition — to guide the viewer's vision onto the photo's points of interest will make our photographic works better."},{"t":"p","x":"欢迎关注@Thomas看看世界，每周学会一个摄影技能。","b":false,"xe":"Follow @Thomas Chu Photo, and learn one photography skill every week."}],"titleEn":"Great Photography Guides the Viewer's Eye"}