{"slug":"hdr-done-right","title":"HDR=画面失真？本文教你HDR的正确使用方式","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2018-02-11","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247486521&idx=1&sn=dce9137d771c86bb7149b6ea10ce6561&chksm=eb81f25ddcf67b4b12e7321a4c9715bec5975b58fd4aad7fea2cc10a9a269e8430989fa54ad6&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"每周一篇干货，让摄影不再难学","b":false,"xe":"One practical tutorial every week, making photography easy to learn"},{"t":"p","x":"HDR是被摄影爱好者广泛使用，却常常滥用、错误应用的技术。网络上各种画面很脏、影调奇怪的HDR照片更是让这个技术一度声名狼藉。","b":false,"xe":"HDR is widely used by photography enthusiasts — and just as often abused or misapplied. The dirty-looking, oddly toned HDR photos all over the internet once gave the technique a notoriously bad name."},{"t":"p","x":"本文会用几个例子，和大家分享正确的HDR处理方式。","b":false,"xe":"In this article, I'll use several examples to share the right way to process HDR."},{"t":"h","x":"1","xe":"1"},{"t":"h","x":"什么是HDR？有哪些典型错误？","xe":"What Is HDR? What Are the Typical Mistakes?"},{"t":"p","x":"HDR指的是高动态范围照片合成技术。简而言之，就是把几张不同曝光的照片合并到一起，找回大光比环境中的高光和阴影细节。","b":false,"xe":"HDR stands for high dynamic range image blending. In short, it merges several photos taken at different exposures to recover highlight and shadow detail in high-contrast scenes."},{"t":"p","x":"例如日落环境，单张拍摄必然欠曝或者过曝。","b":false,"xe":"In a sunset scene, for example, a single exposure is bound to be under- or overexposed somewhere."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":1080,"h":717},{"t":"p","x":"使用包围曝光拍摄，后期HDR合成后，得到了亮部和暗部都有细节的照片。","b":false,"xe":"Shooting with exposure bracketing and blending in post produces a photo with detail in both the highlights and the shadows."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":1080,"h":718},{"t":"p","x":"HDR的前期拍摄需要使用包围曝光技术，在这篇文章《再大光比也不用怕 - 包围曝光与曝光合成技术详解》中有详细讲解。","b":false,"xe":"Shooting for HDR requires exposure bracketing, which I explain in detail in this article: \"No More Fearing Extreme Contrast — A Detailed Guide to Exposure Bracketing and Blending.\""},{"t":"p","x":"俗话说过犹不及。虽然HDR可以帮我们记录下高光和阴影的细节，但是如果这些细节后期恢复的太多，就会显得十分失真。","b":false,"xe":"As the saying goes, too much of a good thing. Although HDR helps us capture highlight and shadow detail, recovering too much of that detail in post makes an image look distinctly unnatural."},{"t":"p","x":"比如下面一张图片，就是我用搜索引擎，搜索HDR关键词查到的一张典型照片。画面远处的高光细节恢复过度，远处的太阳毫无辉煌的感觉，看起来比较奇怪。地景的阴影细节也提升的过多，反而让照片失去了层次感。","b":false,"xe":"Take this image — a typical result I found by searching \"HDR\" on a search engine. The highlight detail in the distance is over-recovered; the distant sun has lost all its brilliance and looks strange. The shadow detail in the foreground is lifted too much as well, robbing the photo of its sense of depth."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":1080,"h":805},{"t":"p","x":"下面这张是荷兰摄影师Max Rive的代表作品，在使用HDR技术保留下太阳细节的同时，整张照片仍然层次丰富，给人正常的日落观感。","b":false,"xe":"The image below is a signature work by Dutch photographer Max Rive. While HDR preserves the detail in the sun, the photo remains rich in tonal depth and reads as a perfectly natural sunset."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":1000,"h":500},{"t":"p","x":"错误应用HDR的照片，主要是因为使用了自动的HDR合并参数，而且之后没有对照片的明暗影调重新修复。","b":false,"xe":"Photos that misuse HDR usually result from automatic HDR merge settings, with no subsequent rework of the image's tonal distribution."},{"t":"p","x":"而正确使用HDR技术的关键，就是在合成后对照片明暗影调的再次修改，隐去不必要的细节，让照片中该亮的地方亮起来，该暗的地方暗下去，恢复照片正常的明暗对比。","b":false,"xe":"The key to using HDR correctly is reworking the tonal distribution after the merge: hiding unnecessary detail, letting what should be bright be bright and what should be dark go dark, and restoring the photo's natural contrast."},{"t":"h","x":"2","xe":"2"},{"t":"h","x":"HDR的正确使用方式","xe":"The Right Way to Use HDR"},{"t":"p","x":"本文会以下面一张照片为例，演示它的HDR合并过程，以及最重要的，HDR合并之后的明暗影调修复过程。","b":false,"xe":"I'll use the photo below to demonstrate the HDR merge process and — most importantly — the tonal recovery process that follows it."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":1000,"h":521},{"t":"p","x":"本片的原片一共有3张，分别是欠曝2档拍摄的照片，记录太阳高光细节：","b":false,"xe":"This final image comes from three source frames. The first was shot 2 stops under, recording highlight detail in the sun:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":1000,"h":668},{"t":"p","x":"正常曝光的照片：","b":false,"xe":"The normally exposed frame:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":1000,"h":668},{"t":"p","x":"以及过曝2档的照片，记录地面阴影细节：","b":false,"xe":"And a frame 2 stops over, recording shadow detail on the ground:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":1000,"h":668},{"t":"p","x":"后期我们可以用Photoshop自带的Camera Raw处理器进行HDR合并。我们在Photoshop中选择“文件-打开”。","b":false,"xe":"In post, we can use Photoshop's built-in Camera Raw processor for the HDR merge. In Photoshop, choose File > Open."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":1000,"h":240},{"t":"p","x":"按住Ctrl键的同时，鼠标点击我们的三张原片，把他们全部选上，然后点击确认。","b":false,"xe":"Hold Ctrl and click all three source frames to select them, then confirm."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":1000,"h":348},{"t":"p","x":"Photoshop会把这3张原图，加载到Camera Raw处理器中。我们在Camera Raw面板左侧，可以看到他们的略缩图，鼠标点击右键，全选照片。","b":false,"xe":"Photoshop loads the three raw files into Camera Raw. On the left side of the Camera Raw panel you can see their thumbnails; right-click and choose Select All."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":1000,"h":845},{"t":"p","x":"全选后再次鼠标右键，选择“合并到HDR”。","b":false,"xe":"With all selected, right-click again and choose \"Merge to HDR.\""},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":718,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"在打开的面板中，勾上“对齐图像”和“应用自动色调和颜色调整”。“对齐图像”会修正3张照片拍摄时轻微的位移，而“应用自动色调和颜色调整”则可以自动帮我们把合并后的高光阴影细节找回。","b":false,"xe":"In the dialog that opens, check \"Align Images\" and \"Apply Auto Tone and Color Adjustments.\" Align Images corrects the slight shifts between the three frames, while the auto tone option recovers highlight and shadow detail in the merged file for us."},{"t":"p","x":"之后点击合并，我们就可以把3张照片的信息保存到一张DNG格式的图像中。","b":false,"xe":"Click Merge, and the information from all three photos is saved into a single DNG file."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":1000,"h":556},{"t":"p","x":"由于我们打开了“应用自动色调和颜色调整”，所以软件自动帮我们调整了照片的曝光、高光、阴影等等参数。","b":false,"xe":"Because we enabled \"Apply Auto Tone and Color Adjustments,\" the software adjusted exposure, highlights, shadows and other parameters for us automatically."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":1000,"h":777},{"t":"p","x":"但是软件自动给的效果，就是一张典型的失真HDR照片。细节全都有了，但看起来很假很奇怪。接下来我们需要对它的明暗影调进行修复。","b":false,"xe":"But the software's automatic result is a typical fake-looking HDR photo: every detail is there, yet it looks artificial and strange. Next we need to repair its tonal distribution."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":1000,"h":515},{"t":"p","x":"首先重新手动调整曝光参数，让高光阴影的恢复值不要太夸张。同时日落本来是暗光环境，因此我把曝光从自动的+1.38降低到了0.75，恢复真实感。","b":false,"xe":"First, manually readjust the exposure parameters so the highlight/shadow recovery isn't so exaggerated. And since a sunset is inherently a low-light scene, I lowered the exposure from the automatic +1.38 to +0.75 to restore a sense of realism."},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":798,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"处理之后的效果，看起来已经好了很多，接下来我会应用径向滤镜和渐变滤镜，对画面的局部进行进一步的修复。","b":false,"xe":"The image already looks much better after this step. Next I'll apply Radial and Graduated Filters to further refine local areas."},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":1000,"h":518},{"t":"p","x":"首先建立渐变滤镜，曝光-0.25，色温-2，压暗的同时增加一点冷色。","b":false,"xe":"First, create a Graduated Filter with Exposure -0.25 and Temp -2 — darkening while adding a touch of cool color."},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":1000,"h":411},{"t":"p","x":"然后在天空上拉几个渐变，恢复天空的明暗层次过渡。","b":false,"xe":"Then drag a few gradients across the sky to restore its tonal transitions."},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":1000,"h":573},{"t":"p","x":"然后我又设置了径向滤镜，色温+6，色调+3，给应用的区域增加一层阳光的金色。同时曝光+0.2进行提亮。","b":false,"xe":"Next I set up a Radial Filter with Temp +6 and Tint +3, adding a layer of golden sunlight to the affected area, plus Exposure +0.2 to brighten it."},{"t":"img","f":"img-22","w":1000,"h":732},{"t":"p","x":"用这个参数，在太阳附近、草地受光面以及人物附近，建立多个径向滤镜，让照片的亮部重新亮起来。","b":false,"xe":"With these settings, I built several Radial Filters near the sun, on the lit side of the grass, and around the person, making the bright parts of the photo glow again."},{"t":"img","f":"img-23","w":1000,"h":456},{"t":"p","x":"局部调整完成的照片，是不是看起来更加符合我们对日落的视觉感受呢？","b":false,"xe":"After the local adjustments, doesn't the photo better match how we actually perceive a sunset?"},{"t":"img","f":"img-24","w":1000,"h":515},{"t":"p","x":"进一步使用Nik淡对比度、变亮变暗中心点滤镜强化对比，简单调色之后，我们就得到了一张灿烂辉煌的日落HDR照片。","b":false,"xe":"Finally, I used Nik's Pro Contrast and Darken/Lighten Center filters to strengthen the contrast. After some simple color grading, we arrive at a brilliant, glorious sunset HDR photo."},{"t":"h","x":"3","xe":"3"},{"t":"h","x":"更多HDR案例","xe":"More HDR Examples"},{"t":"p","x":"处理出真实细腻的HDR照片的关键，是HDR合并之后的影调修复这个步骤。如果遗忘这步或者处理不到位，就会做出来文章开头里那样比较失真的照片。","b":false,"xe":"The key to realistic, refined HDR photos is the tonal recovery step after the merge. Skip it or do it carelessly, and you'll end up with the distorted look seen at the start of this article."},{"t":"p","x":"昨天我推送的越南韩松洞照片，同样使用了HDR技术，前期3张相差2档的包围曝光。","b":false,"xe":"The Hang Son Doong cave photo I posted yesterday also used HDR, with three bracketed exposures 2 stops apart."},{"t":"img","f":"img-25","w":1000,"h":523},{"t":"p","x":"HDR自动合并后，全部细节恢复的效果：","b":false,"xe":"The automatic HDR merge with all detail recovered:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-26","w":742,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"进一步修复明暗层次后的效果：","b":false,"xe":"And after further tonal recovery:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-27","w":736,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"有的朋友就纳闷了，为什么我在修复影调之后，照片中又出现了一些过曝和欠曝的部分？","b":false,"xe":"Some of you may wonder: after the tonal rework, why do over- and underexposed areas reappear in the photo?"},{"t":"p","x":"我的想法是让光束上部适当过曝，这样光线会更有层次感和真实感。地面适当欠曝，隐去杂乱的泥土细节。毕竟在我们控制之下的过曝和欠曝并不可怕，重要的展现给读者当时的场景信息和环境氛围，而不是一味的追求恢复更多的细节。","b":false,"xe":"My intention was to let the upper part of the light beams blow out slightly — it gives the light more depth and realism — and to let the ground go slightly dark, hiding the messy mud details. Controlled over- and underexposure is nothing to fear; what matters is conveying the scene's information and atmosphere to the viewer, not blindly recovering every last detail."},{"t":"p","x":"下面一张照片也是类似，前期3张包围曝光。","b":false,"xe":"The next photo is similar — three bracketed exposures in the field."},{"t":"img","f":"img-28","w":1000,"h":733},{"t":"p","x":"后期HDR合并，找回高光阴影细节。","b":false,"xe":"HDR merge in post recovered the highlight and shadow detail."},{"t":"img","f":"img-29","w":1080,"h":621},{"t":"p","x":"手动影调修复，恢复照片光影层次感。","b":false,"xe":"Manual tonal recovery restored the photo's sense of light and depth."},{"t":"img","f":"img-30","w":1080,"h":631},{"t":"p","x":"风光摄影更重要的是场景和氛围的传达。HDR技术可以帮我们记录下场景中的各种细节。而手动的影调修复，可以帮我们个性化的隐去不必要的细节，恢复照片的层次感和真实感。","b":false,"xe":"Landscape photography is above all about conveying scene and atmosphere. HDR helps us record every detail in a scene, while manual tonal recovery lets us selectively hide what isn't needed — restoring depth and realism to the photo."},{"t":"p","x":"对比以下三种方法，你学会了HDR的正确应用方式了嘛？","b":false,"xe":"Comparing the three approaches below, have you learned the right way to apply HDR?"},{"t":"p","x":"无HDR照片：丢失各种细节","b":false,"xe":"No HDR: detail lost everywhere"},{"t":"p","x":"HDR自动合并照片：全是细节，反而失真","b":false,"xe":"Automatic HDR merge: detail everywhere, yet distorted"},{"t":"p","x":"HDR合并+手动影调修复：保留该有的细节，隐去不必要的细节，真实细腻","b":false,"xe":"HDR merge + manual tonal recovery: keeps the detail that matters, hides what doesn't — realistic and refined"},{"t":"h","x":"欢迎关注@Thomas看看世界，","xe":"Follow @Thomas Chu Photo,"},{"t":"h","x":"每周学会一个摄影技能。","xe":"and learn one photography skill every week."}],"titleEn":"HDR Equals Fake-Looking Images? How to Use HDR the Right Way"}