{"slug":"higher-vantage-better","title":"机位越高，拍出来的照片效果越好吗？","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2018-10-26","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247487521&idx=1&sn=586d4d70d1aaf515a496a94957b5095e&chksm=eb81ee45dcf66753886d6f5d6817d1223f50b34bc534a35fe4f6b4e5247322a0b7e103881e88&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"机位越高，拍出来的效果越好吗？","b":false,"xe":"The higher the vantage point, the better the photo?"},{"t":"p","x":"航拍爱好者常常有一个误区，就是航拍时，飞机恨不得能飞多高就飞多高。其实除开安全的原因，从摄影的角度来讲，航拍也不是飞的越高越好。","b":false,"xe":"Aerial photographers often fall into a trap: when flying a drone, they want it as high as it can go. Safety aside — from a purely photographic standpoint, higher is not always better."},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":1080,"h":495},{"t":"h","x":"1","xe":"1"},{"t":"h","x":"恰当高度才能最好的表现主体","xe":"The Right Height Best Reveals the Subject"},{"t":"p","x":"无人机飞的越低，更多的是看到主体的侧面。","b":false,"xe":"The lower the drone flies, the more you see the subject's side."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":1080,"h":808},{"t":"p","x":"飞到适中的高度，主体的顶部和侧面都可以看到，立体感很好。","b":false,"xe":"At a moderate height, you see both the top and the sides — great three-dimensionality."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":1080,"h":808},{"t":"p","x":"飞的很高，更多的是看到主体的顶部，照片更加偏向扁平的二维画面。","b":false,"xe":"Fly very high and you mostly see the top; the photo flattens into a two-dimensional plane."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":1080,"h":808},{"t":"p","x":"例如上面三张照片展示的建筑群，我尝试飞到一个中间的高度，同时拍摄其顶部和侧面，此时的建筑群最有三维立体感。","b":false,"xe":"Take the building complex in the three photos above: I flew to a middle height to capture both rooftops and facades — that's when the complex looks most three-dimensional."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":1080,"h":773},{"t":"p","x":"当然我们并不是说，飞的高度适中就一定是最好的。而是要根据主体的特点，选取有特色，富有画面表现力的一些角度进行拍摄。","b":false,"xe":"Of course, moderate height isn't automatically best. The point is to choose angles with character and expressive power based on the subject's traits."},{"t":"p","x":"比如上面的建筑群，我也可以飞到很高的高度，去俯拍建筑物的顶部，只强调这种二维的平面几何结构。","b":false,"xe":"With this same complex, I could also fly very high and shoot straight down at the rooftops, emphasizing only the two-dimensional geometric structure."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":1080,"h":848},{"t":"p","x":"下面是我在格陵兰航行时拍摄的三张照片，照片里拍摄的是同一块北极浮冰。","b":false,"xe":"Below are three photos I took while sailing in Greenland — all of the same piece of Arctic sea ice."},{"t":"p","x":"第一张照片，飞机的高度比较低，更多看到的是浮冰的侧面。但浮冰的侧面看起来和我们平时见到的冰川差不多，并不是很有特色。","b":false,"xe":"In the first photo, the drone is low and you mostly see the ice's side. But the side looks much like any glacier we usually see — not very distinctive."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":1080,"h":808},{"t":"p","x":"下图是我把无人机飞到很高的高度，拍摄的浮冰顶部。从浮冰顶部我们可以看到，有很多冰的部分，其实是隐藏在水下的，而且颜色十分好看。但这也不是最佳的角度。","b":false,"xe":"Next I flew the drone very high and shot the ice from above. From the top you can see much of the ice is hidden underwater, with beautiful colors. But this isn't the best angle either."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":1080,"h":808},{"t":"p","x":"最后这张照片，我把无人机飞到一个适中的高度，正好可以同时拍到浮冰的顶部和侧面。","b":false,"xe":"In the last photo, I flew to a moderate height, capturing both the top and the side of the ice."},{"t":"p","x":"斜视角度下，浮冰水底部分展现的更加全面。而且由于近大远小的透视作用，让浮冰前面显得更加夸张，富有冲击力。","b":false,"xe":"From this oblique angle, the underwater portion shows more fully. And thanks to near-big-far-small perspective, the front of the ice looks exaggerated and dramatic."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":1067,"h":1600},{"t":"p","x":"另外一般来说飞的越高，由于视角的关系，物体会显得越矮小。","b":false,"xe":"Generally speaking, the higher you fly, the smaller and shorter objects appear."},{"t":"p","x":"比如下面是一块突出在悬崖上的巨石。由于无人机飞的太高，从上往下俯视，巨石最长的侧面没有很好的展现，而且和背景的山体混在了一起，巨石看起来好像很小。","b":false,"xe":"Below is a huge boulder jutting from a cliff. With the drone too high, the boulder's longest face isn't shown well, and it blends into the mountain behind — the boulder looks tiny."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":1000,"h":749},{"t":"p","x":"所以我把无人机飞的低了一些，此时巨石高大的侧面完整的展现了出来，而且背后的河滩和巨石的颜色亮度差别较大，巨石一下子就凸显了出来，显得十分的高大。","b":false,"xe":"So I flew lower: the boulder's tall side is now fully revealed, and with the riverbed behind differing greatly in color and brightness, the boulder suddenly stands out, looking truly massive."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":1080,"h":808},{"t":"p","x":"下面这张DJI Mavic Pro拍摄的照片也利用了类似的原理，无人机其实只比人高了十几米，此时人物和悬崖才看起来最为险峻高大。","b":false,"xe":"This DJI Mavic Pro photo uses the same principle: the drone is only a dozen meters above the person — yet that's what makes the figure and the cliff look most precipitous and towering."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":1080,"h":568},{"t":"p","x":"总而言之，飞到适当的高度，才能去展示主体最有特色的一面。","b":false,"xe":"In short, only the right altitude reveals the most distinctive side of your subject."},{"t":"h","x":"2","xe":"2"},{"t":"h","x":"合适的高度才最有层次感","xe":"The Right Height Gives the Best Layering"},{"t":"p","x":"我在文章《让照片更层次立体 - 浅谈摄影中空间感的构建》提到过，物体间的部分遮挡，有利于提升画面的层次感和空间感。航拍时过低的高度和过高的高度，都不利于画面层次感的展现。","b":false,"xe":"In my article 'Making Photos More Layered and Three-Dimensional — On Building a Sense of Space', I mentioned that partial occlusion between objects enhances layering and spatial depth. Flying too low or too high both hurt that layering."},{"t":"p","x":"下面一个示意图，上方是现场场景展现，下方是拍摄效果预览。假设我们要拍摄一前一后两堵墙。如果无人机飞的很低，还在地面附近，那么前面一堵墙会完全挡住后面那堵墙。","b":false,"xe":"In the diagram below, the top shows the actual scene and the bottom the captured result. Suppose we're shooting two walls, one behind the other. If the drone stays near ground level, the front wall completely blocks the rear one."},{"t":"p","x":"拍出来的照片，只看得到前面的墙，层次感不足。","b":false,"xe":"The resulting photo shows only the front wall — no layering at all."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":500,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"如果我们适当的提升高度，无人机斜向下俯拍两堵墙。此时由于高度提高，后面的墙也露了出来。而且后面的墙有一部分被前面的墙遮挡住了。","b":false,"xe":"Raise the drone a bit and it looks down at both walls obliquely. The rear wall emerges, partially blocked by the front one."},{"t":"p","x":"这部分遮挡会让读者知道，照片里下方的墙在前，上方的墙在后，极大的提升了照片的空间感。","b":false,"xe":"That partial occlusion tells the viewer the lower wall is in front and the upper one behind — hugely enhancing the sense of space."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":500,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"那么如果我们继续升高无人机，会有什么样的效果呢？","b":false,"xe":"And if we keep climbing, what happens?"},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":500,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"此时由于高度太高，拍摄出来的照片，后面的墙壁完全露了出来。","b":false,"xe":"From too high, the rear wall is fully exposed in the frame."},{"t":"p","x":"由于缺少互相遮挡所提供的空间信息，拍出来的照片，两堵墙好像在同一距离上一样，层次感反而比刚才还低了。","b":false,"xe":"Lacking the spatial cues that occlusion provides, the two walls look like they're at the same distance — the layering is actually worse than before."},{"t":"p","x":"由此我们发现，飞到适当的高度，让照片中的景物部分遮挡，是最有利于表现画面空间感的。","b":false,"xe":"So we discover: flying to the right height, where scene elements partially occlude each other, best expresses spatial depth."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":1080,"h":608},{"t":"p","x":"飞的太低，造成后面物体完全看不见，或者飞的太高，让物体间完全分离开来，层次感都会大大降低。","b":false,"xe":"Too low, and rear objects vanish entirely; too high, and objects separate completely — both greatly reduce layering."},{"t":"p","x":"下面一张照片，是我在新加坡用DJI Mavic Air拍摄的，照片的前景是花瓣状的新加坡艺术与科学博物馆，背景是金融区的摩天大楼。","b":false,"xe":"The photo below was shot in Singapore with a DJI Mavic Air: the foreground is the petal-shaped ArtScience Museum, the background the skyscrapers of the financial district."},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":1080,"h":808},{"t":"p","x":"大家可以发现，我在飞行时，并没有飞的很高，而是故意让画面中的花瓣建筑，挡住一点点背后的金融区，这样画面的层次感会更好，而且构图更加紧凑。","b":false,"xe":"Notice that I didn't fly high — I deliberately let the petal building block just a sliver of the financial district. That improves the layering and tightens the composition."},{"t":"p","x":"下面这张航拍照片也是一样，构图时故意让画面中的建筑互相遮挡住一部分，层次感大大的提升，更好的展现出了城市的宏大。如果飞的太高，效果反而没有这么好。","b":false,"xe":"This aerial photo works the same way: the buildings intentionally overlap, greatly enhancing the layering and better conveying the city's grandeur. Flying higher would actually weaken the effect."},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":1080,"h":735},{"t":"h","x":"3","xe":"3"},{"t":"h","x":"飞的越高，背景越多，杂物越多","xe":"The Higher You Fly, the More Background — and the More Clutter"},{"t":"p","x":"一般来说，飞的越高，可以看到的背景越多，画面越丰富。","b":false,"xe":"Generally, the higher you fly, the more background you see, and the richer the frame."},{"t":"p","x":"比如下面这张在苏州用Mavic Air航拍的照片，由于高度比较低，背景遮挡比较严重。","b":false,"xe":"In this Mavic Air shot over Suzhou, the low altitude means the background is heavily blocked."},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":1080,"h":808},{"t":"p","x":"飞到更高的高度，更多的建筑物就展现了出来。","b":false,"xe":"Fly higher and more buildings emerge."},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":1080,"h":808},{"t":"p","x":"飞到更高一点的高度，整个古城都尽收眼底。","b":false,"xe":"Higher still, and the entire old town spreads out below."},{"t":"img","f":"img-22","w":1080,"h":808},{"t":"p","x":"但是飞的过高，也有一个副作用，就是会取入更多的杂物。比如下面这张照片，就显得比较杂乱。","b":false,"xe":"But flying too high has a side effect: more clutter enters the frame. The photo below, for instance, feels messy."},{"t":"img","f":"img-23","w":1080,"h":808},{"t":"p","x":"此时飞的低一点，让场景中最有意思的部分占满整个画面，反而照片更加突出。","b":false,"xe":"Flying a bit lower — letting the most interesting part of the scene fill the frame — actually makes the photo stronger."},{"t":"img","f":"img-24","w":1080,"h":783},{"t":"p","x":"因此我们在飞行时，要合理的平衡：画面背景丰富程度，主体大小和杂物多少的关系。","b":false,"xe":"So when flying, we must balance background richness, subject size and clutter."},{"t":"p","x":"比如下面这张巴塔哥尼亚的航拍照片，无人机高度很高，此时画面中的景物很小，略显杂乱，但画面十分丰富。","b":false,"xe":"Take this Patagonia aerial: the drone is very high; the elements are small and slightly messy, but the frame is very rich."},{"t":"img","f":"img-25","w":1080,"h":808},{"t":"p","x":"如果飞的低一些，背景丰富程度略有下降（比如右侧山腰处的冰川就被挡住了），但河流等景物更加明显，杂乱的灌木丛也少了一些。","b":false,"xe":"Fly a bit lower and the background richness drops slightly (the glacier on the right mountainside gets hidden), but the river stands out more and some of the messy bushes disappear."},{"t":"img","f":"img-26","w":1080,"h":808},{"t":"p","x":"如果飞的更低一点，画面中的瀑布和河流就非常突出了，细节非常丰富，背景杂物也较少。当然由于角度降低，背景丰富程度就有所折扣，第一幅图远处的湖泊和冰川现在都看不见了。","b":false,"xe":"Lower still, and the waterfall and river dominate with rich detail and little background clutter. Of course, the lower angle sacrifices background richness — the distant lake and glacier from the first frame are no longer visible."},{"t":"img","f":"img-27","w":1080,"h":808},{"t":"p","x":"我们需要根据自己想突出表达的地方，去飞到相应的高度，拍摄相应的构图。","b":false,"xe":"We need to fly to the height that matches what we want to emphasize, and compose accordingly."},{"t":"p","x":"比如你想着重展现巴塔哥尼亚丰富的秋色，那么可能第一张照片更好。","b":false,"xe":"If you want to showcase Patagonia's rich autumn colors, the first photo may serve best."},{"t":"p","x":"如果是想突出展现雪山和河流相映成辉的场景，那么可能第三张照片更符合要求。","b":false,"xe":"If you want to highlight the snow peaks mirroring the river, the third photo fits better."},{"t":"p","x":"总而言之，航拍并不是飞的越高越好。我们要根据照片所需的层次感，主体的特点，和画面表现的重点，去选择最为合适的高度。","b":false,"xe":"In summary, aerial photography is not about flying as high as possible. Choose the altitude that best serves the layering you need, your subject's character, and the point you want to express."},{"t":"img","f":"img-28","w":1080,"h":720},{"t":"h","x":"欢迎关注@Thomas看看世界，","xe":"Follow @Thomas Chu Photo,"},{"t":"h","x":"每周学会一个摄影技能。","xe":"and learn one photography skill every week."}],"titleEn":"The Higher the Vantage Point, the Better the Photo?"}