{"slug":"histogram-8-tones","title":"直方图的后期应用 - 如何用它调出8种影调风格的大片","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2016-05-29","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247483891&idx=1&sn=7a8a66ee9e9900efff1c7671ece5568a&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"p","x":"上周的文章《不懂它，何谈曝光 - 谈谈直方图的前期应用》讨论了直方图在前期的三大作用：识别过曝欠曝，提示包围曝光，和指导向右曝光。","b":false,"xe":"Last week's article 'Without It, There's No Exposure — The Histogram in Capture' discussed the histogram's three roles in the field: spotting over/underexposure, prompting exposure bracketing, and guiding expose-to-the-right."},{"t":"p","x":"本文将主要谈谈如何参考直方图，在后期重新分配照片的亮度分布，调出8种影调风格的大片。","b":false,"xe":"This article focuses on how to use the histogram in post to redistribute a photo's brightness and create images in 8 tonal styles."},{"t":"h","x":"复习：什么是直方图和影调？","xe":"Review: what are the histogram and tonality?"},{"t":"p","x":"当我们去掉照片的色彩信息，剩下的这张黑白图片就只体现出了照片中的明暗层次和线条轮廓。这种明暗和轮廓，就可以理解为照片的“影调”。我们经常说一张片子是暗调深沉的，亮调清新的，对比突出的，朦胧虚无的，就是指的照片的影调。","b":false,"xe":"When we strip a photo of its color information, the remaining black-and-white image shows only the brightness layers and line contours. This brightness and contour is the photo's 'tonality'. When we say an image is dark and moody, bright and fresh, contrasty, or hazy and ethereal — we're describing its tonality."},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":640,"h":404},{"t":"p","x":"人们把照片的亮度分为0到255共256个数值，其中0代表纯黑色的最暗区域，255表示最亮的纯白色，而中间的数字就是不同亮度的灰色。","b":false,"xe":"People divide photo brightness into 256 values from 0 to 255: 0 is the darkest pure black, 255 the brightest pure white, and the numbers between are grays of different brightness."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":600,"h":380},{"t":"p","x":"如果我们进一步把亮度分成5个区域。 其中曝光度(中间调)是照片的中间亮度区域，这块区域里影调非常的丰富和细腻，大量细节都在这种适中的亮度下表现了出来。","b":false,"xe":"We can further split brightness into 5 zones. Exposure (midtones) is the middle brightness region — tonality here is richest and finest, and most detail is rendered at this moderate brightness."},{"t":"p","x":"两边的阴影和高光分别对应了照片的较暗和较亮区域，虽然他们的细节没有曝光度区域那么细腻，但是仍然储存了大量的信息。","b":false,"xe":"Shadows and Highlights on either side correspond to the darker and brighter regions; though their detail is less fine than the Exposure region, they still hold plenty of information."},{"t":"p","x":"最后黑色是照片中最暗的区域，白色是照片中最亮的区域，这些区域里基本没有任何细节，但黑色和白色区域的像素给照片制造了对比和反差。","b":false,"xe":"Finally, Blacks is the darkest region and Whites the brightest — these zones contain basically no detail, but their pixels give the photo contrast."},{"t":"p","x":"当我们用横轴代表0-255的亮度数值，竖轴代表照片中对应亮度的像素数量，这个函数图像就被称为亮度直方图。","b":false,"xe":"When the horizontal axis represents the 0-255 brightness values and the vertical axis the number of pixels at each brightness, this function graph is called the luminance histogram."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":600,"h":317},{"t":"p","x":"影调按照类别可以分为3大类：","b":false,"xe":"Tonality falls into 3 major categories:"},{"t":"p","x":"（1）低调，中间调，高调","b":false,"xe":"(1) Low key, middle key, high key"},{"t":"p","x":"（2）长调，中调，短调","b":false,"xe":"(2) Long scale, medium scale, short scale"},{"t":"p","x":"（3）硬调，软调","b":false,"xe":"(3) Hard gradation, soft gradation"},{"t":"p","x":"每张照片在这3类中都各自对应着1个风格，比如下面这张照片就同时属于低调、长调和硬调3大风格。","b":false,"xe":"Every photo maps to one style in each of the 3 categories — the photo below, for example, is simultaneously low-key, long-scale and hard."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":640,"h":417},{"t":"p","x":"一张照片的影调和直方图是紧密相关的，接下来托马斯就将谈谈每种影调分类各自对应的直方图和调整方法。","b":false,"xe":"A photo's tonality and histogram are closely linked. Next, Thomas explains the histogram and adjustment method corresponding to each tonal category."},{"t":"h","x":"低调，中间调与高调风格","xe":"Low-key, middle-key and high-key styles"},{"t":"p","x":"低调、中间调与高调风格，主要是谈的照片的整体亮度。所以从直方图里像素聚集的波峰在哪个亮度区域，就可以知道一张照片是低调还是高调了。","b":true,"xe":"Low/middle/high key concern the photo's overall brightness. You can tell a photo's key from where the histogram's pixel peak clusters."},{"t":"p","x":"低调照片画面里黑色深色占的面积大，白色浅色占的面积小，整个画面的影调比较浓重深沉。从直方图上看，像素波峰应该堆积在阴影和黑色区域，而高光和白色区域只有很少的像素。","b":false,"xe":"In low-key photos, black and dark tones occupy most of the frame while whites and lights are small — the overall tonality is heavy and somber. On the histogram, the pixel peak piles up in the Shadows and Blacks, with very few pixels in Highlights and Whites."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":640,"h":402},{"t":"p","x":"高调照片恰恰相反，画面大部分是高亮的白色影调，给人以清纯、阳光、明朗的感觉。从直方图上看，像素波峰主要堆积在高光和白色区域。","b":true,"xe":"High-key photos are the opposite: most of the frame is bright white tonality, giving a pure, sunny, cheerful feeling. On the histogram the pixel peak clusters in Highlights and Whites."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":640,"h":416},{"t":"p","x":"而中间调的照片是最常见的，画面中既有黑又有白，但大部分像素都分布在直方图中间的曝光度区域，给人一种正常、中性的感觉。","b":true,"xe":"Middle-key photos are the most common: the frame has both black and white, but most pixels sit in the histogram's middle Exposure region, giving a normal, neutral feeling."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":640,"h":417},{"t":"p","x":"不同的影调对应着不同的氛围，没有哪个最好之说。我们后期的目的，就是依据直方图，重新调整照片的亮度分布，达到我们想要的气氛。","b":false,"xe":"Different tonalities carry different moods — none is 'best'. Our goal in post is to use the histogram to redistribute brightness and achieve the atmosphere we want."},{"t":"p","x":"例如下面这张冰岛照片的原图，白色的冰川和天空使得像素波峰集中在了高光区域，是一张典型的高调照片。高调照片给人阳光、明快的气氛。但是我想赋予照片中这个徒步者，在广袤天地里非常孤寂、渺小的感觉。","b":false,"xe":"For example, in this Iceland photo's original, the white glacier and sky concentrate the pixel peak in the Highlights — a typical high-key photo with a sunny, bright mood. But I wanted to give the hiker a feeling of solitude and smallness in the vast land."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":640,"h":419},{"t":"p","x":"所以我在Lightroom里直接把曝光度-2，高光-100，同时使用渐变滤镜进一步压暗天空。把直方图的像素波峰压到了阴影区域，一下子照片的风格就从高调变成了低调，给人一种压抑、阴沉、世界尽头的感觉，达到了我想要的效果。","b":false,"xe":"So in Lightroom I set Exposure -2, Highlights -100, and used a graduated filter to further darken the sky. Pushing the histogram's peak into the Shadows instantly changed the style from high-key to low-key — an oppressive, gloomy, end-of-the-world feeling, exactly what I wanted."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":640,"h":417},{"t":"h","x":"长调，中调与短调风格","xe":"Long-scale, medium-scale and short-scale styles"},{"t":"p","x":"长调，中调与短调风格，主要是谈的照片的亮度分布广度。从直方图上看，就是头像最左边到最右边的距离有所不同。","b":false,"xe":"Long/medium/short scale concern how widely a photo's brightness spreads. On the histogram, it's the distance from the leftmost to the rightmost pixels."},{"t":"p","x":"长调照片是最常见的，照片亮度从最暗的黑色区域一直延伸到了最亮的白色区域。由于亮度分布非常的广，长调照片一般都是非常有层次感的。比如下面这张挪威布道岩的照片，前景悬崖的深黑色，中景峡湾的中灰色，和背景天空的亮白色，亮度一下就分开了，显得层次分明。","b":false,"xe":"Long-scale photos are the most common: brightness stretches from the darkest Blacks to the brightest Whites. With such wide distribution, long-scale photos usually have rich layering. In this Preikestolen (Norway) photo, for instance, the near-black foreground cliff, the mid-gray fjord and the bright-white sky separate immediately — clear layers."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":640,"h":576},{"t":"p","x":"中调照片一般更加的朦胧淡雅，从直方图上看，最左侧到最右侧的长度只有整个长度的三分之二左右。","b":true,"xe":"Medium-scale photos are usually hazier and softer; on the histogram, the left-to-right span is only about two-thirds of the full length."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":640,"h":416},{"t":"p","x":"夜景照片很多都是中调照片。夜晚本身给人黑暗的感觉，如果照片中高光和白色区域太多，就会让照片失去这种气氛。很多把夜景调的跟白天一样的片子，就是犯了影调上的错误。","b":false,"xe":"Many night photos are medium-scale. Night itself feels dark; if a photo has too much in the Highlights and Whites, it loses that mood. Many night shots graded to look like daytime commit exactly this tonal mistake."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":640,"h":417},{"t":"p","x":"短调的照片非常少见也非常的难以把握，直方图上最左和最右边的距离在整个长度的三分之一以下，有很强的雾霾感和压抑感。","b":false,"xe":"Short-scale photos are very rare and very hard to handle: the histogram's left-to-right span is under a third of the total length, giving a strong hazy, oppressive feel."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":640,"h":563},{"t":"p","x":"调性越长，照片越有层次，调性越短，照片更加压抑。下面这张新天鹅堡的照片，由于隔着缆车毛玻璃拍摄，照片显得灰蒙蒙的。从直方图上看，原因一清二楚，直方图的白色和黑色区域缺少像素，照片亮度压缩在中间，是一张中调的原片。","b":false,"xe":"The longer the scale, the more layered the photo; the shorter, the more oppressive. This Neuschwanstein photo, shot through the cable car's frosted glass, looks grayish. The histogram makes the cause obvious: pixels are missing from the Whites and Blacks, with brightness compressed in the middle — a medium-scale original."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":640,"h":431},{"t":"p","x":"所以我在Lightroom里把白色提高到了+56，黑色减少到-37，让像素进入纯黑纯白区域，充满整个直方图。照片从中调变成长调之后，我想要的丛山峻岭的层次感就出来了。","b":false,"xe":"So in Lightroom I raised Whites to +56 and lowered Blacks to -37, letting pixels reach pure black and pure white and fill the whole histogram. Once the photo went from medium-scale to long-scale, the layered mountain ridges I wanted emerged."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":640,"h":431},{"t":"h","x":"硬调与软调风格","xe":"Hard and soft gradation styles"},{"t":"p","x":"软调照片朦胧而清新，有一种柔光下宁静的氛围，细节非常的丰富。从直方图上看，软调照片像素亮度分布比较均匀，像梯形一样，所以细节过渡非常的细腻。","b":false,"xe":"Soft-gradation photos are hazy and fresh with a calm, soft-light mood and very rich detail. On the histogram their pixels distribute fairly evenly, like a trapezoid, so tonal transitions are delicate."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":640,"h":412},{"t":"p","x":"硬调照片对比强，反差大，通过隐去不必要的细节来突出主体。从直方图上看，硬调照片在高光和阴影区域会各有一个波峰，像素分别聚集在较亮和较暗部分，拉开了照片的反差。","b":false,"xe":"Hard-gradation photos have strong contrast, hiding unnecessary detail to emphasize the subject. On the histogram they show a peak in both the Highlights and the Shadows — pixels cluster in brighter and darker parts, pulling the photo's contrast apart."},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":640,"h":408},{"t":"p","x":"下面这张马特洪峰的照片，本身就是一张硬调的照片了。但是我觉得它还不够“硬”，特别是山体暗部还不够突出，不能体现出山峰那种雄壮的感觉。所以我需要进一步的拉开直方图中较亮和较暗部分的差距。","b":false,"xe":"This Matterhorn photo below is already hard-gradation. But I felt it wasn't 'hard' enough — the mountain's dark parts weren't prominent enough to convey the peak's majesty. So I needed to further widen the gap between the brighter and darker peaks."},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":640,"h":424},{"t":"p","x":"下图是降低照片黑色和阴影，以及加大对比度过后的效果，可以看到直方图阴影部分的那个波峰更高而且更靠左了，同时高光的波峰也右移了一些。较亮和较暗部分波峰差距拉开之后，照片更加的硬朗、雄壮、威严。","b":false,"xe":"Below is the result after lowering Blacks and Shadows and adding contrast: the Shadows peak is higher and further left, and the Highlights peak moved right a bit. With the two peaks pulled apart, the photo feels harder, grander, more imposing."},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":640,"h":419},{"t":"p","x":"硬调片子细节不够丰富，在拍人的时候一般需要避免。但是在下午或者中午的阳光下拍人，一般都是下面的这种硬调效果，人物黑乎乎的，背景也缺失细节，一点都不好看。从直方图中我们会发现，两个波峰分别聚集在阴影和高光区，反差很大。","b":false,"xe":"Hard-gradation images lack rich detail and are generally avoided for people shots. But shooting people under afternoon or midday sun usually gives this hard effect — the person pitch black, the background missing detail, not pretty at all. The histogram shows two peaks in Shadows and Highlights — huge contrast."},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":640,"h":425},{"t":"p","x":"所以我在ACR面板中把高光-100，阴影+53，让两个波峰更靠中间，直方图趋近于梯形。我们知道中间的曝光度区域细节和影调是非常细腻丰富的，所以这样调整之后无论人物还是背景都更加好看了。","b":false,"xe":"So in ACR I set Highlights -100 and Shadows +53, moving both peaks toward the middle so the histogram approaches a trapezoid. We know the middle Exposure region has the finest detail and tonality — after this adjustment, both the person and the background look much better."},{"t":"img","f":"img-22","w":640,"h":377},{"t":"h","x":"本周总结","xe":"Weekly summary"},{"t":"p","x":"照片按整体亮度可以分为低调，中间调和高调。低调照片直方图波峰在阴影黑色区域，低沉厚重。高调照片直方图波峰在高光白色区域，明亮轻快。中间调照片比较中性自然，直方图波峰在曝光度区域。","b":false,"xe":"By overall brightness, photos divide into low key, middle key and high key. Low-key histograms peak in Shadows/Blacks — somber and heavy. High-key histograms peak in Highlights/Whites — bright and cheerful. Middle-key photos are neutral and natural, peaking in the Exposure region."},{"t":"p","x":"照片按亮度的分布广度可以分为长调，中调和短调。长调的直方图从黑色一直延伸到白色，层次丰富。中调照片直方图最左到最右只有整体的三分之二左右，更加的朦胧暗淡。低调照片直方图左右侧只有总长度的三分之一以下，给人压抑、雾霾的感觉。","b":false,"xe":"By brightness spread, photos divide into long, medium and short scale. Long-scale histograms stretch from black to white with rich layering. Medium-scale spans only about two-thirds — hazier and dimmer. Short-scale spans under a third — oppressive and hazy."},{"t":"p","x":"照片按反差对比还可以分为软调和硬调。软调照片直方图呈梯形，中间部分亮度分布均匀，过渡细腻。硬调照片直方图在阴影和高光部分各有一个较高的波峰，中间亮度像素反而不多，反差明显，主体硬朗、突出。","b":false,"xe":"By contrast, photos divide into soft and hard gradation. Soft-gradation histograms are trapezoidal with even middle distribution and delicate transitions. Hard-gradation histograms have a high peak in both Shadows and Highlights with fewer mid-brightness pixels — obvious contrast and a hard, prominent subject."},{"t":"p","x":"我是@Thomas看看世界，每个周日晚上，分享一篇原创摄影干货。","b":false,"xe":"I'm @Thomas Chu Photo — every Sunday evening I share an original piece of photography know-how."},{"t":"img","f":"img-23","w":360,"h":600}],"titleEn":"Using the Histogram in Post: How to Create 8 Tonal Styles"}