{"slug":"judge-on-good-photos","title":"推荐 | 什么是好片? 摄道如剑道。","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2016-12-27","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247484772&idx=1&sn=fdb1ecda7bbe42d6996015254f145cce&chksm=eb81fb00dcf6721639e2a3a84ec5446e60044eb0739f9de82965638af3bc8c7b5c71d280c9bf&scene=21&token=684043739&lang=zh_CN#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"p","x":"没有技术的摄影是随意的记录，没有构思的摄影是机械的记录。","b":false,"xe":"Photography without technique is casual recording; photography without conception is mechanical recording."},{"t":"p","x":"作为国际级的摄影评委，范老师的这篇文章，曾经解决了我很多的疑惑，给我带来了极大的启发！经范老师授权，终于有机会分享给大家。","b":false,"xe":"As an international photography judge, Teacher Fan's article once resolved many of my confusions and brought me immense inspiration! With Teacher Fan's authorization, I finally have the chance to share it with everyone."},{"t":"p","x":"我除了这些年在芝加哥摄影协会做比赛评委，还在美国摄影协会（Photographic Society of America）做过一些比赛的评委，受过一些评委训练。 今年起又担任世界级摄影网站1x.com的评委。 对评片稍有些经验。","b":false,"xe":"Besides serving as a competition judge for the Chicago Photographic Society over these years, I've also judged some competitions for the Photographic Society of America and received some judging training. Starting this year, I've also become a judge for the world-class photography website 1x.com. So I have some experience in judging photos."},{"t":"p","x":"所以这系列教材“摄影的语言”就先谈谈什么是好片。其实我们每一刻都在做评委，评判自己的片子，评判别人的片子。 评片对每个摄影者都非常重要，只有知道自己片子的优劣，才能不断提高。","b":false,"xe":"So this teaching series, \"The Language of Photography,\" begins by discussing what makes a good photo. In fact, we are all judges every moment — judging our own photos and judging others' photos. Judging is very important for every photographer; only by knowing the strengths and weaknesses of your own photos can you keep improving."},{"t":"p","x":"什么是好片没有绝对的标准，但也在某种程度上有据可循。 我就从PSA裁判规则入手，看看一个PSA的评委是在怎么判断一张片子的优劣。","b":false,"xe":"There's no absolute standard for what makes a good photo, but to some extent there are guidelines. Let me start with the PSA judging rules to see how a PSA judge determines the quality of a photo."},{"t":"p","x":"PSA采用五分制：","b":false,"xe":"PSA uses a five-point scale:"},{"t":"p","x":"1分：烂片。 片子有很大问题，比如聚焦很不准，曝光过度，画片杂乱无章。 这是本该自己撤除的烂片，更不用说拿出来参加比赛。","b":false,"xe":"1 point: a bad photo. The image has major problems — for example, severely inaccurate focus, overexposure, or a chaotic, disordered frame. This is the kind of bad photo that should have been deleted by the photographer, let alone entered in a competition."},{"t":"p","x":"2 分：片子技术上无大问题，但是也没有什么值得看的。 聚焦方面一般自动聚焦系统都能办到，曝光也是一般现代相机的自动曝光系统能解决的。 这是评委对一个摄影爱好者的最低要求。","b":false,"xe":"2 points: the photo has no major technical problems, but there's nothing worth looking at. The focus is something any autofocus system can achieve, and the exposure is something any modern camera's auto-exposure can handle. This is a judge's minimum requirement for a photography enthusiast."},{"t":"p","x":"3 分：不错的片子。 技术基本正确，至少有个看点。 这应该是一个摄影爱好者对自己的最低要求。","b":false,"xe":"3 points: a decent photo. The technique is basically correct, and there's at least one point of interest. This should be an enthusiast's minimum requirement for themselves."},{"t":"p","x":"4 分： 好片。 没有明显技术问题，而且技术上能克服环境造成的困难。 所有元素不冲突，有缺陷也不妨碍主题。 如果是打破常规，那是为了增加震撼力。","b":false,"xe":"4 points: a good photo. No obvious technical problems, and the technique overcomes difficulties caused by the environment. All elements don't conflict, and any flaws don't detract from the theme. If conventions are broken, it's to increase impact."},{"t":"p","x":"5 分：杰作。 技术完善，所有元素互相呼应而突出主题。 如果是打破常规，也是为了增加震撼力。","b":false,"xe":"5 points: a masterpiece. The technique is perfect, and all elements echo one another to highlight the theme. If conventions are broken, it's also to increase impact."},{"t":"p","x":"说了一大堆模棱两可的废话，其实也就是说1分是烂片，5分是杰作。要打多少分，评委说了算，作者喊冤也没用。但是一个评委在评片时的思考毕竟是有据可循的，一张片子的优劣纠结在哪方面来评判呢？","b":false,"xe":"Having said a lot of ambiguous nonsense, it really just means 1 point is a bad photo and 5 points is a masterpiece. How many points to give is up to the judge; the author's protest is useless. But a judge's thinking when evaluating is after all guided by some basis. On what aspects is the quality of a photo judged?"},{"t":"p","x":"1. 震撼力。震撼力最重要，但是又最主观。对一个人的震撼，也许对另外一个人来说可能是味同嚼蜡。但是能抓住评委或读者的眼球，其他方面的不足能掩盖不少。技术和构图的目的无非是为了一个作品的震撼力。","b":false,"xe":"1. Impact. Impact is the most important but also the most subjective. What strikes one person may be tasteless to another. But if it can capture the judge's or viewer's eye, many deficiencies in other aspects can be masked. The purpose of technique and composition is nothing more than a work's impact."},{"t":"p","x":"2. 创造力。 是不是有自己的新想法，或者对别人拍烂的东西有新的视角，而不是前赴后继地去重复别人的劳动。","b":false,"xe":"2. Creativity. Whether there's your own new idea, or a new perspective on things others have photographed to death, rather than repeatedly copying others' labor."},{"t":"p","x":"3. 构图。 所有元素安排合理，相互呼应为的是突出主题。","b":false,"xe":"3. Composition. All elements are arranged reasonably, echoing one another to highlight the theme."},{"t":"p","x":"4. 表现手法。 是数码还是胶片，是用HDR还是景深合成，都是为了突出主题的妥当选择，而不是为手法而手法，与主题冲突。内容决定形式。","b":false,"xe":"4. Presentation technique. Whether digital or film, whether HDR or focus stacking, all are appropriate choices to highlight the theme — not technique for technique's sake, conflicting with the theme. Content determines form."},{"t":"p","x":"5. 色彩或灰度的和谐。 这也是为了突出主题而不是与主题冲突。 一个作品给读者的印象应该是它的内容，而不是一片人为的色调。","b":false,"xe":"5. Harmony of color or monochrome tones. This is also to highlight the theme rather than conflict with it. The impression a work leaves on the viewer should be its content, not an artificial color cast."},{"t":"p","x":"6. 看点。 一张成功的片子需要有看点能留住读者的视线。 当然也有一类片子没有特定的看点而是有意识地引导读者的视觉游动于图像之中，但这绝不等于杂乱无章。","b":false,"xe":"6. Point of interest. A successful photo needs a point of interest to hold the viewer's gaze. Of course, there's a type of photo without a specific point of interest that deliberately guides the viewer's eyes to wander through the image — but this by no means equals chaos."},{"t":"p","x":"7. 光线。 没有光就没有摄影。 光影的掌握是摄影最重要的环节之一。","b":false,"xe":"7. Light. Without light there's no photography. Mastering light and shadow is one of the most important aspects of photography."},{"t":"p","x":"8. 故事性。 要打动读者，无论动物还是风光，无论扫街还是肖像必须要有内涵。","b":false,"xe":"8. Storytelling. To move the viewer, whether animal or landscape, street or portrait, there must be substance."},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":1200,"h":675},{"t":"p","x":"（图片作者 Headbang，IPA年度摄影师大奖作品，headbang.tuchong.com）","b":false,"xe":"(Image by Headbang, IPA Photographer of the Year award work, headbang.tuchong.com)"},{"t":"p","x":"说到这里也许会问，难道评委不首先考虑技术参数和后期手法？ 一张摄影作品是作者用最终的成品展现给读者，谁会管你的产品是怎么生产出来的？ 被评价的是成品，只要有人喜欢就行。","b":false,"xe":"At this point you might ask: don't judges first consider technical parameters and post-processing methods? A photograph is presented to viewers as the author's final product. Who cares how your product was produced? What's being judged is the finished product — as long as someone likes it, that's enough."},{"t":"p","x":"生产过程的缺陷终究会造成成品的瑕疵。 一个买家，只有看到成品的瑕疵，才会去追究生产过程的缺陷。 这个时候评委才会想到技术上出现了什么问题。而到了这步田地，具体是打一分还是打三分结果都一样了。","b":false,"xe":"Defects in the production process will ultimately cause flaws in the finished product. A buyer only investigates production defects after seeing flaws in the finished product. Only at this point does a judge consider what technical problems occurred. And once it gets to this stage, whether you give one point or three, the result is the same."},{"t":"p","x":"沙龙的形式对新手很有帮助。 因为它规范明确。 不管是不是完全合理，至少给人判断片子好坏的一个标准。 也给新手一个改进的方向。 但是这些对绝顶高手反而成了约束。 一个好的摄影作品是艺术作品。 艺术又哪来规范？","b":false,"xe":"The salon format is very helpful for beginners, because its rules are clear. Whether or not they're completely reasonable, they at least give people a standard for judging photos, and give beginners a direction for improvement. But these become constraints for the truly top masters. A great photograph is a work of art. And where does art get its rules?"},{"t":"p","x":"世界性的网站中所有片子都由评委决定的有1x.com, earthshots.org, 等等。 现在我又是1x.com的评委，就说说一个普遍的问题: 为什么别人的废片被发表，而我的佳作被否决呢？ 当然不会是我自己的问题 - 我以前也经常如此的愤慨。 逐渐地我看出了门道。","b":false,"xe":"Among world-class websites where all photos are decided by judges are 1x.com, earthshots.org, and so on. Now that I'm also a judge on 1x.com, let me talk about a common question: why are other people's rejected photos published while my masterpiece is rejected? Of course it couldn't be my own problem — I used to feel this way too. Gradually, I saw the pattern."},{"t":"p","x":"其实评片的标准只有一条， 那就是震撼力。 评委一天看上百张片子，片子多了就看得味同嚼蜡， 个个都在追求新颖创意。 要想抓住评委的眼球，一定要创新。 其实在这互联网的时代，对哪个读者不是如此呢？ 比如霞浦元阳片，老外没见过咱天国声势的评委偶尔一看，大赞其妙。 可过两个月来了几十张元阳上百张霞浦。 硬生生把人家老外给吓傻了。","b":false,"xe":"In fact, there's only one standard for judging: impact. A judge sees hundreds of photos a day, and when there are too many, they all become tasteless — everyone is chasing novel creativity. To catch a judge's eye, you must innovate. In this internet age, isn't it the same for every viewer? For example, with Xiapu and Yuanyang photos: a foreign judge who'd never seen our \"heavenly country's\" grandeur would occasionally take a look and praise them marvelously. But two months later, dozens of Yuanyang and over a hundred Xiapu photos arrive — genuinely shocking the foreign judge."},{"t":"p","x":"所以摄影和任何艺术创作一样，不要别人拍什么自己就跟着拍什么，要有自己的想法拍自己的片子。","b":true,"xe":"So photography, like any artistic creation, shouldn't have you following whatever others shoot. You should have your own ideas and shoot your own photos."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":1200,"h":795},{"t":"p","x":"（图片作者 LarryDeng2008，tuchong.com/1145421/）","b":false,"xe":"(Image by LarryDeng2008, tuchong.com/1145421/)"},{"t":"p","x":"摄影是视觉的语言，给人带来的是视觉的感受。 而语言源于大脑，是作者和读者的思想进行交流的工具。所以在讨论语言之前，先来谈谈大脑。人脑有左脑和右脑之分。","b":false,"xe":"Photography is a visual language that brings visual experiences. And language originates in the brain — it's a tool for the exchange of thoughts between author and reader. So before discussing language, let's talk about the brain. The human brain is divided into left and right hemispheres."},{"t":"p","x":"照一个非常笼统的说法，左脑比较逻辑，右脑比较直觉。也就是说左脑重技术右脑重艺术。那么一个摄影师的左脑和右脑哪边更重要呢？这个技术和艺术的问题吵了几十年还是无休无止，以后还会继续吵下去。这就像金庸笔下的华山派，剑宗和气宗争得拔刀相向。","b":false,"xe":"According to a very general account, the left brain is more logical and the right brain more intuitive. That is, the left brain emphasizes technique and the right brain emphasizes art. So which side of a photographer's brain is more important? This question of technique versus art has been debated for decades without end, and will continue. It's like the Huashan School in Jin Yong's novels, where the Sword Sect and the Qi Sect fight to the point of drawing blades on each other."},{"t":"p","x":"几年前和云漫老师在新墨西哥旷野里艰难的旅途中突发奇想，要把世界华人摄影界的顶尖高手汇聚一堂。 后来我们和几位同道创立了四光圈摄影创作团队（4aperture.com)。如今，四光圈高手云集，俨然形成了华人风光自然摄影的领军团队，并在世界摄影界占据一席之位。然而团队的最大收获，便是能借此与世界顶级高手不断切磋。这四光圈便是华山论剑的平台。","b":false,"xe":"A few years ago, during a difficult journey with Teacher Yunman in the New Mexico wilderness, an idea struck me: to gather the top masters of the world's Chinese photography community in one place. Later, several like-minded friends and I founded the 4Aperture photography team (4aperture.com). Today, 4Aperture has gathered many masters and has become a leading team in Chinese landscape and nature photography, holding a place in the world photography community. Yet the team's greatest gain is being able to continuously spar with the world's top masters through it. This 4Aperture is the platform for the \"Huashan sword forum.\""},{"t":"p","x":"与高手论剑，我始终在思考高手为什么成为高手？ 要速成是练气宗还是去练剑宗？","b":false,"xe":"Sparring with masters, I've always wondered: why do masters become masters? For quick success, should one train the Qi Sect or the Sword Sect?"},{"t":"p","x":"摄影首先是个技术。 光线从一个被摄物体直接发出，或者被反射出来，经过镜头聚焦在化学（胶片）或者电子（数码）的感应器上，再经过暗房或者软件的后处理而形成图像。这完全是个物理化学的过程。摄影和技术分不开。一张曝光正确的图片需要一组正确的参数来完成：聚焦，光圈，快门，ISO，等等。除此以外还需要恰当的后处理技术。","b":false,"xe":"Photography is first a technique. Light emitted directly from a subject, or reflected from it, is focused by the lens onto a chemical (film) or electronic (digital) sensor, then processed in the darkroom or software to form an image. This is entirely a physical and chemical process. Photography is inseparable from technique. A correctly exposed image requires a correct set of parameters: focus, aperture, shutter speed, ISO, and so on. Beyond that, appropriate post-processing techniques are also needed."},{"t":"p","x":"现代科技将这些复杂的技术参数简化，大大地方便了每一个摄影者。当年凭一套准确曝光的学问能成大师，今天看看直方图便一目了然。这些技术的进步在某种程度上引导了全民摄影的潮流。摄影的基本技术已经不再是专家的专利。每个发烧友只要手中一个相机，便可以去追求心里的大师梦。","b":false,"xe":"Modern technology has simplified these complex technical parameters, greatly benefiting every photographer. In the old days, mastering the art of accurate exposure could make you a master; today, a glance at the histogram makes it clear. These technological advances have, to some extent, driven the trend of photography for everyone. The basic techniques of photography are no longer the exclusive domain of experts. Any enthusiast with a camera in hand can pursue their dream of mastery."},{"t":"p","x":"但是科技的进步也造成了许多初学者摄影道路上的巨大障碍。 摄影师创作的责任往往不再由摄影师的大脑在承担，而是被移交给了机器的电脑。学摄影之前，我们看到一张作品，往往心里是这样想：“这张片子真漂亮，他的相机一定很高级”。学了几年摄影，这样初级的问题恐怕不再会有。但是习惯性的思维还是很难改变，只不过变得高大上一点而已。德味，焦味，像素，锐度，宽容度变成了时髦的代名词。","b":false,"xe":"But technological progress has also created huge obstacles on many beginners' photography paths. The responsibility for creative decisions often no longer rests with the photographer's brain, but has been handed over to the machine's computer. Before learning photography, when we see a work, we often think: \"This photo is so beautiful — his camera must be very advanced.\" After studying photography for a few years, such a basic question probably won't arise. But habitual thinking is hard to change; it just becomes a bit more high-sounding. \"Leica flavor,\" \"bokeh,\" pixels, resolution, and dynamic range have become fashionable buzzwords."},{"t":"p","x":"这些技术指标当然重要，但决定一张摄影作品成功与否的要素并不简单是一组无懈可击的参数。 摄影更加重要的环节是很难用一组准确的参数来衡量：比如构图，反差，光色，感觉，立意。这些属于摄影的艺术层面。","b":true,"xe":"These technical indicators are of course important, but what determines the success of a photograph isn't simply an impeccable set of parameters. The more important aspects of photography are hard to measure with a precise set of parameters: composition, contrast, light and color, feeling, and concept. These belong to the artistic dimension of photography."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":1200,"h":728},{"t":"p","x":"（图片作者 LarryDeng2008，tuchong.com/1145421/）","b":false,"xe":"(Image by LarryDeng2008, tuchong.com/1145421/)"},{"t":"p","x":"什么是艺术？ 大英百科全书是这么定义的：“艺术是指凭藉技巧、意愿、想象力、经验等综合人为因素的融合与平衡，以创作隐含美学的器物、环境、影像、动作或声音的表达模式，以指和他人分享美的感觉或有深意的情感与意识的人类用以表达既有感知且將个人或群体体验沉淀与展現的过程”。","b":false,"xe":"What is art? The Encyclopaedia Britannica defines it thus: \"Art is the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power.\""},{"t":"p","x":"这么一堆绕口令，无非是说艺术是技巧和创造力的结晶，是情感和意识的交流工具。科技的进步本来可以将摄影师从繁复的技巧中解脱出来，更多地投入创作过程。相反，因为现代的摄影技术带来更多的摄影参数，使得更多的初学者深陷技巧而忽视创作。我们经常可以看到技术完善景色完美而又缺乏创意的摄影。","b":false,"xe":"Such a tongue-twister simply says that art is the crystallization of skill and creativity, and a tool for exchanging emotions and consciousness. Technological progress was supposed to free photographers from complex techniques and let them invest more in the creative process. On the contrary, because modern photography technology brings more parameters, more beginners get trapped in technique and neglect creation. We often see photography that is technically perfect and scenically beautiful yet lacks creativity."},{"t":"p","x":"阿诺。纽曼给摄影做过一个很好的定义：“视觉构思+摄影技术+个人感受=摄影，每个因素都至关重要，缺一不可”。摄影作品是技术和艺术的结晶，是作者和读者的交流。亚当斯也曾经说过：“一个伟大的摄影作品是对被摄之物最深刻的情感表达，是作者对生命的全部感知”。要从机械式的记录解脱出来，一个摄影作品必须引起读者情感上的共鸣。","b":false,"xe":"Arnold Newman gave photography a great definition: \"Visual conception + photographic technique + personal feeling = photography. Every factor is crucial; none can be missing.\" A photograph is the crystallization of technique and art, an exchange between author and viewer. Adams also once said: \"A great photograph is a full expression of what one feels about what is being photographed in the deepest sense, and is, thereby, a true expression of what one feels about life in its entirety.\" To break free from mechanical recording, a photograph must evoke an emotional resonance in the viewer."},{"t":"p","x":"互联网时代的摄影不是更加容易而是更困难。 任何一个摄影作品都是立刻展现在全世界人面前，受千万人评价。在一个与自己无关读者面前，一张作品最多只有一秒钟的机会去留住读者的视线。一个摄影师要想自己的作品达到世界水准，更加需要追求技巧和创作力的平衡。","b":false,"xe":"Photography in the internet age isn't easier but harder. Every photograph is instantly presented before people worldwide and judged by millions. Before an unrelated viewer, a work has at most one second to hold their gaze. For a photographer who wants their work to reach a world-class standard, pursuing the balance between technique and creativity is all the more necessary."},{"t":"p","x":"没有技术的摄影是随意的记录，没有构思的摄影是机械的记录。左脑和右脑谁为重要？ 一个成功的摄影师必须有整个发达的大脑在超负荷运转。当代摄影高手，何尝又不都是剑气双修？","b":false,"xe":"Photography without technique is casual recording; photography without conception is mechanical recording. Which is more important, the left brain or the right brain? A successful photographer must have their entire developed brain working at full capacity. Aren't today's photography masters all cultivating both the sword and the qi?"},{"t":"h","x":"作者","xe":"Author"},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":300,"h":300},{"t":"h","x":"▲ John Fan（范朝亮）","xe":"▲ John Fan (范朝亮)"},{"t":"p","x":"著名旅美风光摄影师","b":false,"xe":"Renowned Chinese landscape photographer residing in the US"},{"t":"p","x":"顶级摄影网站1x.com评委","b":false,"xe":"Judge of the top photography website 1x.com"},{"t":"p","x":"四光圈成员","b":false,"xe":"Member of 4Aperture"},{"t":"p","x":"个人网站： johnfanphotography.com","b":false,"xe":"Personal website: johnfanphotography.com"},{"t":"p","x":"范老师新书《理性的灵动》，将于近期出版发售，敬请关注。","b":false,"xe":"Teacher Fan's new book \"The Dynamic of Reason\" (《理性的灵动》) will be published and released soon — please stay tuned."},{"t":"p","x":"感谢范老师的精彩文章，以及好友LarryDeng和Headbang提供的大片配图。希望大家对主流的摄影评片标准，以及摄影的艺术性和技术性，有一个更清楚的认识。","b":false,"xe":"Thanks to Teacher Fan for the wonderful article, and to friends LarryDeng and Headbang for providing the stunning accompanying photos. I hope everyone gains a clearer understanding of mainstream photo judging standards, as well as the artistic and technical aspects of photography."},{"t":"p","x":"当然，并不是每个摄影者都追求别人的认可或者比赛的夺魁，拍出心中所想，也是一种热爱。","b":false,"xe":"Of course, not every photographer seeks others' recognition or winning competitions. Shooting what's in your heart is also a form of love."},{"t":"p","x":"关注@Thomas看看世界，每周日学会一个摄影技能。","b":false,"xe":"Follow @Thomas Chu Photo, and learn one photography skill every Sunday."},{"t":"p","x":"如果您觉得本文有用，就把它分享给更多朋友吧。","b":false,"xe":"If you find this article useful, please share it with more friends."}],"titleEn":"Recommendation | What Makes a Good Photo? The Way of Photography Is Like the Way of the Sword."}