{"slug":"layer-blend-modes","title":"一篇文章理解图层混合模式，解锁PS修图新技能！","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2018-08-05","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247487178&idx=1&sn=e2448b8cfd594a012165113b2f86c2d6&chksm=eb81f0aedcf679b8128cf8b290e63575b586c2c56bc5d52ea15b54fd4f134dfe26dda883ce9c&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"每周一篇教程，让摄影不再难学","b":false,"xe":"One tutorial every week, making photography easy to learn"},{"t":"p","x":"图层混合模式，是Photoshop后期修图学习的一个进阶难点。多种多样的图层混合模式，为各种摄影后期特效，提供了强有力的实现工具。","b":false,"xe":"Layer blend modes are an advanced stumbling block when learning Photoshop post-processing. Their rich variety provides powerful tools for all kinds of photographic post effects."},{"t":"p","x":"本文将深入浅出的讲解图层混合模式的基础知识，并让大家快速掌握风光摄影后期，常用的一些图层混合模式。","b":false,"xe":"This article explains the fundamentals of layer blend modes in accessible depth, and quickly gets you comfortable with the modes most used in landscape post-processing."},{"t":"h","x":"1","xe":"1"},{"t":"h","x":"混合图层的简单方法","xe":"The Simple Way to Blend Layers"},{"t":"p","x":"要将两个图层混合在一起，以前我们只有一个工具，那就是调整图层的不透明度。","b":false,"xe":"To blend two layers together, we used to have only one tool: adjusting the layer's opacity."},{"t":"p","x":"两个图层放在一起，当上面图层不透明度是100%时，只会显示上方的图层。","b":false,"xe":"With two layers stacked, when the upper layer's opacity is 100%, only the upper layer shows."},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":1000,"h":504},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":1000,"h":668},{"t":"p","x":"如果上方图层的不透明度变成30%，那么呈现效果会变成上方图层部分覆盖在下方图层上。最终显示30%上方图层，70%下方图层，形成混合效果。","b":false,"xe":"If the upper layer's opacity drops to 30%, it only partially covers the lower layer — the result shows 30% of the upper layer and 70% of the lower one, forming a blend."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":1000,"h":530},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":1000,"h":668},{"t":"p","x":"图层不透明度会对整个图层起作用，如果想让图层的不同区域有不一样的不透明度，就可以使用蒙版。（更多关于图层和蒙版的知识，请阅读文章《PS的基石 － 图层与蒙板》）。","b":false,"xe":"Opacity acts on the entire layer. To give different areas of a layer different opacities, use a mask. (For more on layers and masks, read \"The Foundation of Photoshop: Layers and Masks.\")"},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":1000,"h":515},{"t":"p","x":"蒙版白色部分表示，该图层这些区域的不透明度是100%。蒙版黑色部分表示，该图层这些区域的不透明度是0%。蒙版灰色部分表示，该图层这些区域是半透明的。","b":false,"xe":"White areas of a mask mean those regions of the layer are 100% opaque; black areas mean 0% opacity; grey areas are semi-transparent."},{"t":"p","x":"如果我对极光图层应用下面这个蒙版，那么极光图层下方地面的不透明度是0%（黑色蒙版），极光图层自带的地面会被隐藏掉。","b":false,"xe":"If I apply the mask below to the aurora layer, the opacity of the ground at the bottom of the aurora layer becomes 0% (black mask), hiding the ground that came with the aurora image,"},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":1000,"h":650},{"t":"p","x":"从而显示出下方图层的雪山，作为新的地景。","b":false,"xe":"so the snow mountain from the layer below shows through as the new foreground."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":1000,"h":668},{"t":"h","x":"2","xe":"2"},{"t":"h","x":"不透明度混合图层的局限性","xe":"The Limits of Blending with Opacity"},{"t":"p","x":"改变不透明度（或蒙版）的图层混合方法，虽然简单，但效果有限。这个时候我们就需要引入图层混合模式，来进行更快速、复杂的图层混合。","b":false,"xe":"Blending layers by changing opacity (or masks) is simple but limited. That's where layer blend modes come in — enabling faster, more complex blends."},{"t":"p","x":"比如后期叠加星轨，如果要用上面的方法，需要花几分钟时间，用蒙版把每个图层的星星都抠出来，再叠加在一起。","b":false,"xe":"Take star-trail stacking in post: with the method above, you'd spend minutes masking the stars out of every layer before stacking them."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":1000,"h":502},{"t":"p","x":"而如果使用“变亮”的图层混合模式，只需1步，几秒钟就能生成一个完美的星轨。","b":false,"xe":"But with the \"Lighten\" blend mode, a perfect star trail takes one step and a few seconds."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":1000,"h":664},{"t":"p","x":"除了更快捷之外，图层混合模式还可以生成更复杂的混合效果。","b":false,"xe":"Beyond speed, blend modes also produce more sophisticated blending effects."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":1000,"h":664},{"t":"p","x":"比如后期模拟丁达尔光柱，如果直接用画笔画出一个光柱，会显得很假。","b":false,"xe":"For example, when simulating Tyndall light beams in post, painting a beam directly with the brush looks fake."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":1000,"h":552},{"t":"p","x":"此时如果把光柱的图层，混合模式改成“叠加”，则后期光效更加自然。","b":false,"xe":"Change the light beam layer's blend mode to \"Overlay,\" though, and the artificial light looks far more natural."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":1000,"h":542},{"t":"p","x":"总而言之，图层混合模式，是用函数的方法，对两个图层进行更复杂的混合。","b":false,"xe":"In short, a layer blend mode blends two layers through a mathematical function."},{"t":"p","x":"这下面的每一个函数，都对应了一种图层混合模式。但我们并不需要记住和理解这些复杂的公式。","b":false,"xe":"Each function below corresponds to one blend mode — but we don't need to memorize or understand these complex formulas."},{"t":"p","x":"我们只要知道常见图层混合模式，各自有怎样的混合效果就可以了。","b":false,"xe":"We only need to know what effect each common blend mode produces."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":1000,"h":654},{"t":"h","x":"3","xe":"3"},{"t":"h","x":"常见图层混合模式与效果","xe":"Common Blend Modes and Their Effects"},{"t":"p","x":"在图层面板中，每个图层默认都是“正常”的混合模式。如果用鼠标点击一下，就可以看到全部图层混合模式的下拉菜单。","b":false,"xe":"In the Layers panel, every layer defaults to the \"Normal\" blend mode. Click it once to open the dropdown with all the blend modes."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":244,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"Photoshop在软件中，把27种图层混合模式，归类为了6组。","b":false,"xe":"Photoshop organizes its 27 blend modes into 6 groups."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":419,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"首先是“覆盖组”，也就是上面的图层覆盖在下面图层上。","b":false,"xe":"The first is the \"cover\" group — the upper layer simply covers the lower one."},{"t":"p","x":"默认的模式都是“正常”，上方图层完整的覆盖在下方图层上，只能改变不透明度来影响混合效果。","b":false,"xe":"The default is \"Normal\": the upper layer fully covers the lower, and only opacity can influence the blend."},{"t":"p","x":"“溶解”模式，相当于在上方图层先打一些“马赛克”，再覆盖在下方图层上，实际中用的极少。","b":false,"xe":"\"Dissolve\" is like punching a mosaic of holes into the upper layer before laying it over the lower one — rarely used in practice."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":1000,"h":183},{"t":"p","x":"第二组混合模式，我把他们叫做“去亮组”，他们的混合形式都是让照片变得更暗，去除亮的部分。最常用的是“变暗”和“正片叠底”两种方式。","b":false,"xe":"I call the second group the \"remove-bright\" group: their blends all make the photo darker, removing the bright parts. The most used are \"Darken\" and \"Multiply.\""},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":1000,"h":410},{"t":"p","x":"“变暗”混合模式，就是同一个位置，取两个图层里面较暗的那个。所以两个图层中较暗的像素将作为混合后的保留，更亮的像素将被替换，更暗的像素则保持不变。","b":false,"xe":"\"Darken\" keeps whichever pixel is darker at each position between the two layers: darker pixels are preserved, brighter pixels replaced."},{"t":"p","x":"以前讲过的去白边方法，其实就是“变暗”模式的应用。","b":false,"xe":"The white-edge removal method I covered earlier is actually an application of the \"Darken\" mode."},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":1000,"h":649},{"t":"p","x":"新建一个空白图层，然后用仿制图章，取样所有图层，把天空部分仿制到有白边的山体上。","b":false,"xe":"Create a new blank layer, then use the Clone Stamp set to Sample All Layers, stamping sky over the mountain ridge that has white edges."},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":1000,"h":587},{"t":"p","x":"在“正常”模式下，效果如图，仿制的天空图层不仅覆盖了白边，也覆盖了黑暗的山体。","b":false,"xe":"In \"Normal\" mode, the result looks like this: the stamped sky covers not only the white edges but also the dark mountain."},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":1000,"h":541},{"t":"p","x":"把仿制图层的混合模式改为“变暗”。","b":false,"xe":"Change the stamped layer's blend mode to \"Darken.\""},{"t":"img","f":"img-22","w":1000,"h":546},{"t":"p","x":"因为仿制的天空比白边暗，比山体亮。所以混合起来，白边被替换成了更暗的仿制天空，但更黑的山体仍然不变，完美去除白边。","b":false,"xe":"The stamped sky is darker than the white edge but brighter than the mountain. So the blend replaces the white edge with the darker stamped sky while the darker mountain stays untouched — white edges perfectly removed."},{"t":"img","f":"img-23","w":1000,"h":649},{"t":"p","x":"“正片叠底”常用于素材的叠加。“正片叠底”后的效果，显示由上方图层和下方图层的像素值中较暗的像素合成后效果，任意颜色与黑色重叠时将产生黑色，任意颜色和白色重叠时颜色则保持不变。","b":false,"xe":"\"Multiply\" is often used for compositing assets. The result shows the darker of the two layers' pixel values: anything over black becomes black, and anything over white stays unchanged."},{"t":"img","f":"img-24","w":1000,"h":491},{"t":"p","x":"上面的黑色相框，就应该用“正片叠底”的方式混合到照片上。这样边缘的黑色会覆盖住照片，但白色的中央，对下面的照片显示不会有影响。","b":false,"xe":"The black photo frame above should be blended onto the photo with \"Multiply\": the black edges cover the photo, while the white center leaves the image below unaffected."},{"t":"img","f":"img-25","w":1000,"h":550},{"t":"p","x":"“去暗组”和“去亮组”一一对应，只不过效果完全反了过来，混合后让照片更亮，去除较暗的部分。","b":false,"xe":"The \"remove-dark\" group mirrors the \"remove-bright\" group — the effects are exactly reversed, making the photo brighter by removing the darker parts."},{"t":"p","x":"应用最多的是“变暗”的冤家“变亮”，以及“正片叠底”反过来的“滤色”。","b":false,"xe":"The most used are \"Lighten\" — the counterpart of \"Darken\" — and \"Screen,\" the inverse of \"Multiply.\""},{"t":"img","f":"img-26","w":1000,"h":410},{"t":"p","x":"“变亮”混合模式，就是取两个图层各自更亮的部分混在一起，常用于星轨、车轨的合成。","b":false,"xe":"\"Lighten\" keeps whichever part of each layer is brighter — commonly used for blending star trails and car light trails."},{"t":"img","f":"img-27","w":1000,"h":523},{"t":"p","x":"只需要选择一组连续拍摄的星空照片图层，把混合模式改成“变亮”。","b":false,"xe":"Just select a sequence of consecutively shot night-sky photos and change the blend mode to \"Lighten.\""},{"t":"img","f":"img-28","w":391,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"这样每张夜空照片中最亮的部分，也就是星星部分就会显示出来。由于星空相对地球的运动，每张星星的位置都有所不同，从而显示出了星轨。","b":false,"xe":"The brightest part of each frame — the stars — then shows through. As the sky moves relative to Earth, each frame's stars sit in slightly different positions, revealing the star trails."},{"t":"img","f":"img-29","w":1000,"h":602},{"t":"p","x":"“滤色”和“正片叠底”一样，常常用于素材的合成，只不过是完全过滤黑色，显示亮色。风光摄影常见的焰火叠加，就是一个例子。","b":false,"xe":"\"Screen,\" like \"Multiply,\" is often used for compositing assets — except it completely filters out black and shows the bright parts. A common landscape example is compositing fireworks."},{"t":"p","x":"搜索“烟花”的素材，基本背景都是黑色。","b":false,"xe":"Search for \"fireworks\" assets — they almost always come on a black background."},{"t":"img","f":"img-30","w":1000,"h":388},{"t":"p","x":"所以我们拖动烟花素材到照片相应位置。","b":false,"xe":"So we drag the fireworks asset into position on the photo,"},{"t":"img","f":"img-31","w":1000,"h":575},{"t":"p","x":"把“混合模式”改为“滤色”，黑色的底板就完全看不见了，亮色的烟花正常显示。","b":false,"xe":"and change the blend mode to \"Screen\": the black backing disappears entirely while the bright fireworks display normally."},{"t":"img","f":"img-32","w":1000,"h":565},{"t":"p","x":"“对比组”的混合模式，都是以128的中间亮度为界，让亮的地方更亮，暗的地方更暗，起到增加对比的作用。","b":false,"xe":"The \"contrast\" group of blend modes all split at 128 mid-brightness, making brights brighter and darks darker — increasing contrast."},{"t":"img","f":"img-33","w":1000,"h":541},{"t":"p","x":"风光摄影常用“叠加”混合模式，结合黑白画笔，来强化物体的立体感。","b":false,"xe":"Landscape photography often uses the \"Overlay\" mode with a black-and-white brush to strengthen a subject's three-dimensionality."},{"t":"img","f":"img-34","w":1000,"h":842},{"t":"p","x":"新建一个空白图层（或者中灰图层），然后在要提亮的地方刷上白色（或亮灰色），在要压暗的地方刷上黑色（或者暗灰色）。","b":false,"xe":"Create a new blank layer (or a 50% grey layer), then paint white (or light grey) where you want to brighten, and black (or dark grey) where you want to darken."},{"t":"p","x":"“正常”模式下，这个图层会覆盖掉下面的图像，不是我们想要的效果。","b":false,"xe":"In \"Normal\" mode this layer would cover the image below — not what we want."},{"t":"img","f":"img-35","w":1000,"h":696},{"t":"p","x":"把图层混合模式改为“叠加”，下方图像重新显示，但刚刚涂黑的地方变得更暗，涂白的地方变得更亮，立体感更强了。","b":false,"xe":"Change the blend mode to \"Overlay\": the image below reappears, but the painted-black areas are darker and the painted-white areas brighter — much stronger dimensionality."},{"t":"img","f":"img-36","w":1000,"h":708},{"t":"p","x":"“叠加”和“柔光”图层，还常常用于光线的渲染。","b":false,"xe":"\"Overlay\" and \"Soft Light\" layers are also often used to render light."},{"t":"img","f":"img-37","w":1000,"h":528},{"t":"p","x":"主要的区别是，“叠加”的效果更强烈，而且更受到下方图层影响，因此渲染出来的光线更通透强烈。","b":false,"xe":"The main difference: \"Overlay\" is stronger and more influenced by the layer below, so the rendered light looks clearer and more intense."},{"t":"img","f":"img-38","w":1000,"h":521},{"t":"p","x":"“柔光”的效果更加温和，同时受上方图层影响更多，因此会显得有点雾蒙蒙的。","b":false,"xe":"\"Soft Light\" is gentler and more influenced by the layer above, so it can look slightly hazy."},{"t":"img","f":"img-39","w":1000,"h":523},{"t":"p","x":"倒数第二组叫做“差值”组，都是两个图层进行减法类的运算。","b":false,"xe":"The second-to-last group is the \"difference\" group — subtraction-style operations between the two layers."},{"t":"img","f":"img-40","w":1000,"h":341},{"t":"p","x":"其中“差值”是我用的比较多的混合模式，用来检验图层是否对齐，三脚架是否有位移。","b":false,"xe":"Among them, \"Difference\" is one I use often: to check whether layers are aligned — whether the tripod shifted."},{"t":"p","x":"比如我有同一机位的两张星空，要拿来堆栈。","b":false,"xe":"Say I have two night-sky frames from the same position that I want to stack."},{"t":"img","f":"img-41","w":1000,"h":371},{"t":"p","x":"堆栈的前提是三脚架不能有位移。因此我把上方星空图层的混合模式改为“差值”，此时画面中有亮色边缘的地方，就是没对齐的区域。","b":false,"xe":"Stacking requires that the tripod didn't move. So I set the upper sky layer's blend mode to \"Difference\": anywhere with bright edges in the frame is a misaligned area."},{"t":"p","x":"这两张照片在差值模式下，山峰周围出现了亮边，说明三脚架有位移，两张的山峰不在一个位置。","b":false,"xe":"In Difference mode, these two frames show bright fringes around the peaks — the tripod moved, and the peaks sit in different positions."},{"t":"img","f":"img-42","w":1000,"h":546},{"t":"p","x":"对齐后，山峰应该显示完全重合，差值模式下呈现出没有杂边的黑影。","b":false,"xe":"Once aligned, the peaks should overlap perfectly, appearing in Difference mode as a clean black silhouette with no fringes."},{"t":"img","f":"img-43","w":1000,"h":539},{"t":"p","x":"最后一组，是“色彩组”。","b":false,"xe":"The last group is the \"color\" group."},{"t":"p","x":"“色相”的混合模式，就是上方图层只取色相值，和下面图层混合。","b":false,"xe":"The \"Hue\" blend mode takes only the hue value from the upper layer and blends it with the layer below."},{"t":"p","x":"“饱和度”的混合模式，就是上方图层只取饱和度值，和下面图层混合。","b":false,"xe":"The \"Saturation\" mode takes only the saturation value from the upper layer."},{"t":"p","x":"“明度”的混合模式，就是上方图层只取明度值，和下面图层混合。","b":false,"xe":"The \"Luminosity\" mode takes only the luminosity value from the upper layer."},{"t":"p","x":"“颜色”的混合模式，则是上方图层只取饱和度值和色相值，和下面图层混合。","b":false,"xe":"The \"Color\" mode takes both the hue and saturation values from the upper layer, blending them with the layer below."},{"t":"img","f":"img-44","w":1000,"h":341},{"t":"p","x":"S型曲线，在增加对比度的同时，也会强化照片的饱和度，常常造成失真。","b":false,"xe":"An S-curve boosts contrast but also intensifies saturation, often causing a distorted look."},{"t":"img","f":"img-45","w":1000,"h":511},{"t":"p","x":"所以有时我们可以把曲线图层的混合模式改成“明度”。","b":false,"xe":"So sometimes we change the Curves layer's blend mode to \"Luminosity.\""},{"t":"img","f":"img-46","w":347,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"这样曲线图层只会改变下面照片的明度，而对色彩不会有作用了。","b":false,"xe":"That way the Curves layer changes only the luminosity of the photo below, leaving its colors untouched."},{"t":"img","f":"img-47","w":1000,"h":487},{"t":"p","x":"以上就是关于图层混合模式的基础知识，当然还有很多图层混合模式的应用无法在此详细阐述，托马斯会在以后的教程中和大家道来。","b":false,"xe":"Those are the fundamentals of layer blend modes. There are many more applications than can be detailed here — Thomas will cover them in future tutorials."},{"t":"h","x":"欢迎关注@Thomas看看世界，","xe":"Follow @Thomas Chu Photo,"},{"t":"h","x":"每周学会一个摄影技能。","xe":"and learn one photography skill every week."}],"titleEn":"Understand Layer Blend Modes in One Article: Unlock New PS Editing Skills"}