{"slug":"lr-basic-panel-tones","title":"轻松美化照片 - 理解Lightroom基本面板的色调与影调控制","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2016-05-15","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247483798&idx=1&sn=a0f943503629b3e56c64f838746b6400&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"p","x":"我讨厌工具说明书一样列举功能参数的Lightroom教程。每张照片都是完全不同的，如果不能读懂照片，又如何使用工具美化他们呢？","b":false,"xe":"I hate Lightroom tutorials that list features and parameters like a tool manual. Every photo is completely different — if you can't read a photo, how can you use tools to beautify it?"},{"t":"p","x":"本文就将从照片影调和色调的角度，让你对Lightroom基本面板有一个全新的认识。我会以一种更容易理解的方式，重新组织呈现Lightroom/ACR基本面板的11个调整滑块，让你轻松学会如何使用他们，让照片变得漂亮起来。","b":false,"xe":"This article will give you a brand-new understanding of Lightroom's Basic panel from the angles of tonality and color. I'll reorganize the 11 adjustment sliders of the Lightroom/ACR Basic panel in a more understandable way, so you can easily learn to use them and make your photos beautiful."},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":900,"h":500},{"t":"p","x":"什么是影调和色调？","b":false,"xe":"What are tonality and color tone?"},{"t":"p","x":"在了解Lightroom基本面板这个工具之前，我们先得理解两个“高大上”的词汇 - “影调”和“色调”。任何一张照片都是由影调和色调两部分组成的，比如这张夕阳下的渔船的照片，我们可以把他看作是由2部分叠在一起形成的。","b":false,"xe":"Before getting to know Lightroom's Basic panel, we must first understand two 'fancy' terms — 'tonality' and 'color tone'. Every photo is composed of these two parts. Take this photo of a fishing boat in the setting sun — we can think of it as two layers stacked together."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":640,"h":405},{"t":"p","x":"第一部分是下面这张黑白图片，它体现出了照片中的明暗层次和线条轮廓。这种明暗和轮廓，就可以理解为照片的“影调”。我们经常说一张片子是暗调深沉的，亮调清新的，对比突出的，朦胧虚无的，就是指的照片的影调。","b":false,"xe":"The first part is the black-and-white image below, which shows the photo's brightness layers and line contours. This brightness and contour can be understood as the photo's 'tonality'. When we say an image is dark and moody, bright and fresh, contrasty, or hazy and ethereal — we're talking about its tonality."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":640,"h":404},{"t":"p","x":"第二部分是下面这张色板，它体现出了照片中颜色的色相和浓度。我们形容一张照片偏冷，偏暖，很浓，很淡，就是说的照片的色调。","b":false,"xe":"The second part is the color palette below, which shows the hues and intensities of the photo's colors. When we describe a photo as cool, warm, rich or pale — we're talking about its color tone."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":640,"h":405},{"t":"p","x":"当我们把这块色板“涂在”第一部分的黑白图片上，色调（色相、浓度）与影调（明暗、轮廓）就重新叠加形成了原来的照片。","b":false,"xe":"When we 'paint' this palette onto the black-and-white image of part one, color tone (hue, intensity) and tonality (brightness, contour) recombine into the original photo."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":640,"h":454},{"t":"p","x":"从照片角度解读Lightroom基本面板","b":false,"xe":"Understanding Lightroom's Basic panel from the photo's perspective"},{"t":"p","x":"下面是Lightroom的基本面版，11个调整滑块一字排开，经常弄得初学者一头雾水。因为他们难以理解这11个参数的重要意义和巨大效果。","b":false,"xe":"Below is Lightroom's Basic panel: 11 adjustment sliders in a row, often leaving beginners baffled, because they can't grasp the significance and power of these 11 parameters."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":481,"h":640},{"t":"p","x":"但托马斯把这11个滑块重新组织一下，你或许会有一种豁然开朗的感觉。","b":false,"xe":"But once Thomas reorganizes these 11 sliders, you may have a sudden moment of clarity."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":558,"h":640},{"t":"p","x":"这11个滑块被分成了4组，分别控制照片的整体色相，浓度，明暗还有轮廓。而色相和浓度不就组成了第一节里提到的“色调”嘛？明暗和轮廓不就是照片的“影调”么？","b":false,"xe":"The 11 sliders fall into 4 groups, controlling the photo's overall hue, intensity, brightness and contour respectively. And don't hue and intensity make up the 'color tone' from section one? Aren't brightness and contour the photo's 'tonality'?"},{"t":"p","x":"这11个参数正好完整控制了一张照片的色调和影调，所以Adobe公司才会把他们选出来，放到Lightroom和ACR最前面也是最重要的“基本”面板啊。","b":false,"xe":"These 11 parameters completely control a photo's color tone and tonality — that's exactly why Adobe picked them for the foremost, most important 'Basic' panel in Lightroom and ACR."},{"t":"p","x":"接下来，托马斯将一步一步教你如何用他们控制照片的光影色彩。因为Adobe Camera Raw（ACR）里的面板是跟Lightroom一模一样的，所以我有时也会用ACR的截图举例。","b":false,"xe":"Next, Thomas will teach you step by step how to use them to control a photo's light, shadow and color. Since Adobe Camera Raw (ACR) has panels identical to Lightroom's, I'll sometimes use ACR screenshots as examples."},{"t":"p","x":"Lightroom基本面板的色调控制","b":false,"xe":"Color tone control in Lightroom's Basic panel"},{"t":"p","x":"色温和色调控制了照片的整体色相，它可以让你的照片“冷如寒冰”或者“暖如烈火”。","b":false,"xe":"Temp and Tint control the photo's overall hue — they can make your photo 'cold as ice' or 'warm as fire'."},{"t":"h","x":"色温滑块左移会让照片变蓝、加冷色调，右移会让照片变黄、加暖色调。","xe":"Moving the Temp slider left makes the photo bluer and cooler; moving it right makes it yellower and warmer."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":640,"h":309},{"t":"p","x":"普通的照片，我们需要左右调整色温从而让照片符合人眼看到的中性色彩。一张色温准确的照片，图中的灰色物体如墙壁，盘子，云彩等等应该是不带色偏的。","b":false,"xe":"For ordinary photos, we adjust Temp left or right so the photo matches the neutral colors the human eye saw. In a photo with accurate temperature, gray objects like walls, plates and clouds should carry no color cast."},{"t":"p","x":"不过人类对色彩是带有主观情感的，蓝调给人平静，寒冷以及科技感，暖调给人温暖，运动以及神圣感。因此我们也可以故意加暖加冷来让照片更有意境。","b":false,"xe":"But humans attach subjective emotion to color: blue tones feel calm, cold and technological; warm tones feel warm, dynamic and sacred. So we can deliberately warm or cool a photo to give it more mood."},{"t":"p","x":"比如下面这张蒲甘的照片，原本的色温是很平淡的，不能表现出清晨阳光洒满大地的温暖，以及晨雾中佛塔的光辉神圣。","b":false,"xe":"Take this photo of Bagan below — the original temperature was bland, failing to convey the warmth of morning sunlight spreading over the land and the divine glow of pagodas in the mist."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":640,"h":424},{"t":"p","x":"所以我把色温滑块右移加暖色，一种金光万丈的辉煌感就出来了。","b":false,"xe":"So I moved the Temp slider right to add warmth, and a magnificent golden radiance emerged."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":640,"h":420},{"t":"p","x":"第二个滑块“色调”左移会让照片更偏青色，右移会让照片更偏紫色。青色给人清新与平和的感觉，所以网上的日系小清新照片，几乎都是偏青色的。而紫色则给人神秘和幽雅的感觉。","b":false,"xe":"The second slider, 'Tint', shifts the photo toward green when moved left, and toward magenta when moved right. Green feels fresh and peaceful — that's why almost all Japanese-style fresh photos online lean cyan-green. Magenta feels mysterious and elegant."},{"t":"p","x":"比如下面这张照片，星空和夜色本来应该是灰黑色的，我把色温滑块左移加冷色，让雪山和冰川显得更加的“天寒地冻”。同时我的色调滑块也右移了32个单位，偏紫的氛围宛如梦境。","b":false,"xe":"In the photo below, the starry sky and night should have been grayish-black. I moved the Temp slider left to add cold, making the snow mountain and glacier feel more 'frozen to the bone'. At the same time I moved the Tint slider right by 32 units — the purple-tinged atmosphere is like a dream."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":640,"h":425},{"t":"p","x":"色温和色调参数控制了照片的整体色相，而“饱和度”和“自然饱和度”滑块则可以调整照片的色彩浓度。（有的地方“自然饱和度”也被翻译成了“鲜艳度”）","b":true,"xe":"Temp and Tint control the photo's overall hue, while the 'Saturation' and 'Vibrance' sliders adjust color intensity. ('Vibrance' is sometimes translated as 'vividness'.)"},{"t":"p","x":"饱和度滑块右移会加强照片中所有色彩的纯度，让颜色更加浓烈，左移则会减少色彩纯度，减到-100时照片就成黑白的了。","b":false,"xe":"Moving the Saturation slider right strengthens the purity of all colors in the photo, making them richer; moving left reduces purity — at -100 the photo becomes black and white."},{"t":"p","x":"自然饱和度顾名思义，在调整照片让色彩时更“自然”一些，因为他是重点提升照片中不太饱和的色彩，已经很饱和的色彩则被保护了起来。","b":false,"xe":"Vibrance, as the name suggests, adjusts color more 'naturally': it focuses on boosting less-saturated colors while protecting already-saturated ones."},{"t":"p","x":"下面三张图，第二张是自然饱和度+50，第三张是饱和度+50。","b":false,"xe":"Of the three images below, the second has Vibrance +50, the third Saturation +50."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":640,"h":318},{"t":"p","x":"可以看到第二张图里，在背景梯子色彩提高的情况下，已经比较饱和的扫把毛颜色浓度只是轻微加强。而第三张中，扫把毛的黄色已经大大加强到了不真实的程度。","b":false,"xe":"You can see that in the second image, the already-saturated broom bristles only gained slightly while the background ladder's color improved. In the third, the yellow of the bristles was boosted to an unrealistic degree."},{"t":"p","x":"饱和度滑块容易使得照片过饱和，色彩溢出，失去真实感，使用时需要更小幅度更慎重。","b":false,"xe":"The Saturation slider easily over-saturates photos, causing color clipping and loss of realism — use it in smaller increments and with more caution."},{"t":"p","x":"Lightroom基本面板的影调控制","b":false,"xe":"Tonality control in Lightroom's Basic panel"},{"t":"p","x":"不知道大家注意到没有，在托马斯总结的影调（明暗）调整滑块里，他们的排列顺序由软件里的“曝光度，对比度，高光，阴影，白色，黑色”变成了下图的顺序。","b":false,"xe":"Have you noticed? In Thomas's reorganized tonality (brightness) sliders, their order changed from the software's 'Exposure, Contrast, Highlights, Shadows, Whites, Blacks' to the order shown below."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":640,"h":434},{"t":"p","x":"这是因为白色（色阶），高光，曝光度，阴影，黑色（色阶）从亮到暗正好对应了相应的亮度区域。","b":false,"xe":"That's because Whites, Highlights, Exposure, Shadows, Blacks correspond to brightness regions from bright to dark."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":640,"h":406},{"t":"p","x":"其中曝光度是照片的中间亮度区域，这块区域里影调非常的丰富和细腻，大量细节都在这种适中的亮度下表现了出来。","b":false,"xe":"Exposure is the photo's middle brightness region, where tonality is richest and finest — lots of detail is rendered at this moderate brightness."},{"t":"p","x":"两边的阴影和高光分别对应了照片的较暗和较亮区域，虽然他们细节没有曝光度区域那么细腻，但是仍然储存了大量的信息。我们经常说提高阴影，降低高光可以找回照片的细节，就是指的把这两部分区域的亮度往中间的曝光度区域靠，从而让和过渡和层次变得细腻起来。","b":false,"xe":"Shadows and Highlights on either side correspond to the darker and brighter regions. Though their detail isn't as fine as the Exposure region's, they still store plenty of information. When we say 'raise shadows, lower highlights to recover detail', we mean moving these two regions' brightness toward the middle Exposure region, making transitions and layers finer."},{"t":"p","x":"最后黑色（色阶）是照片中最暗的区域，白色（色阶）是照片中最亮的区域，这些区域里基本没有任何细节。但是他们的存在让一张照片有了纯黑纯白部分，从而显得没有那么“灰蒙蒙”。","b":false,"xe":"Finally, Blacks is the darkest region and Whites the brightest — these areas contain basically no detail. But their presence gives a photo true black and white parts, keeping it from looking 'hazy gray'."},{"t":"p","x":"如果我们建立一个函数，横轴是由纯黑到纯白的亮度变化，竖轴是照片中对应亮度的像素数量，这个图像就是照片的“直方图”。请记住，直方图的横轴是亮度，所以上面提到的五个亮度区域也对应在了这里。","b":false,"xe":"If we build a function with brightness from pure black to pure white on the horizontal axis and pixel count at each brightness on the vertical axis, that graph is the photo's 'histogram'. Remember: the histogram's horizontal axis is brightness, so the five brightness regions above map onto it."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":640,"h":406},{"t":"p","x":"记住上面这个图片对理解Lightroom基本面板是极有帮助的，因为Lightroom中的曝光度滑块并不是等效影响整个照片的亮度，而是重点控制了亮度里曝光度区域的亮度。黑色，阴影，高光，白色也是几乎只会控制亮度图中对应的区域，对图片其他部分影响很小。","b":false,"xe":"Keeping this image in mind greatly helps understanding Lightroom's Basic panel, because the Exposure slider doesn't affect the whole photo's brightness equally — it focuses on the Exposure region. Blacks, Shadows, Highlights and Whites likewise control almost only their corresponding regions, with little effect elsewhere."},{"t":"p","x":"真正理解了黑色，阴影，曝光度，高光和白色的意义，我们才能根据照片的直方图“对症下药”。","b":false,"xe":"Only by truly understanding Blacks, Shadows, Exposure, Highlights and Whites can we 'prescribe the right medicine' based on a photo's histogram."},{"t":"p","x":"例如下图是一张典型的“雾霾感”的照片，为什么它看起来“灰蒙蒙”呢？","b":false,"xe":"For example, the image below is a typical 'hazy' photo — why does it look 'grayish'?"},{"t":"p","x":"直方图给了我们答案，图片的像素堆积在了阴影和曝光度区域，黑色和白色区域完全缺失。","b":false,"xe":"The histogram gives the answer: pixels are piled up in the Shadows and Exposure regions; the Blacks and Whites regions are completely missing."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":640,"h":431},{"t":"p","x":"了解了这张照片的“病症”，“药方”就很明显了：右移白色滑块到+56让像素进入白色区域，左移黑色滑块-37让照片中出现纯黑，一下子照片就更通透更有层次了。 （不要记参数，记原因和效果）","b":false,"xe":"Knowing the photo's 'illness', the 'prescription' is obvious: move Whites right to +56 so pixels enter the white region, and Blacks left to -37 so pure black appears — instantly the photo is clearer with more depth. (Don't memorize the numbers; memorize the cause and effect.)"},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":640,"h":431},{"t":"p","x":"晴天拍照的时候我们常常遇到下面这种反差太大，照片不够细腻的情况。直方图在右上角，你能理解为什么照片看起来很差劲吗？","b":false,"xe":"When shooting on sunny days we often encounter excessive contrast like below, making the photo less refined. The histogram is at top right — can you tell why the photo looks poor?"},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":640,"h":425},{"t":"p","x":"请注意直方图的两个箭头，他们是大量像素堆积的两个波峰。可以看到他们分别在阴影和高光区域。大量像素堆积在细节不够丰富的阴影和高光区域，让照片看起来反差很大。","b":false,"xe":"Note the two arrows on the histogram — two peaks where masses of pixels pile up, in the Shadows and Highlights regions. Pixels concentrated in the less detailed Shadows and Highlights make the photo look harsh."},{"t":"p","x":"所以高光减小到-100，阴影提高到+63，让两个像素堆积的波峰往中间的曝光度区域移动。照片的细节马上就找回来啦。","b":false,"xe":"So reduce Highlights to -100 and raise Shadows to +63, moving both piled-up peaks toward the middle Exposure region. The photo's detail comes right back."},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":636,"h":412},{"t":"h","x":"曝光度滑块可以影响全局的曝光，但是会重点影响中间调的亮度，对应直方图的中间区域。","xe":"The Exposure slider affects global exposure, but emphasizes midtone brightness — the middle of the histogram."},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":640,"h":382},{"t":"p","x":"曝光度滑块向左调降低曝光值，调低曝光度的时候Lightroom的算法会自动对黑色区域进行保护。比如上一张图片曝光度-2.50之后像素大量堆积在了阴影区域，黑色区域并没有溢出。要把白天照片P成黑夜的感觉，就可以大幅拉低曝光度。","b":false,"xe":"Moving the Exposure slider left reduces exposure; Lightroom's algorithm automatically protects the Blacks region. In the previous image at Exposure -2.50, pixels piled into Shadows without clipping Blacks. To turn a daytime photo into night, pull Exposure down hard."},{"t":"img","f":"img-22","w":640,"h":359},{"t":"p","x":"不过曝光度滑块的算法并不会对白色区域进行保护，所以大幅提高曝光度可能会让照片过曝。","b":false,"xe":"But the Exposure slider's algorithm doesn't protect the Whites region, so raising exposure too much may blow out the photo."},{"t":"img","f":"img-23","w":640,"h":367},{"t":"p","x":"除了上面的五个参数外，还有对比度也可以影响照片的明暗影调。","b":false,"xe":"Besides the five parameters above, Contrast also affects the photo's tonality."},{"t":"p","x":"对比度滑块方便的控制了照片整体从黑到白的渐变层次。向右滑时照片对比度加大，从黑到白的渐变层次变多，从而色彩表现越丰富。通过分离高光，阴影，白色，黑色区域可以达到一样的效果，所以我很少会直接动对比度滑块。","b":false,"xe":"The Contrast slider conveniently controls the overall black-to-white gradation. Sliding right increases contrast and the number of gradation steps, enriching color expression. Since separating Highlights, Shadows, Whites and Blacks achieves the same effect, I rarely touch the Contrast slider directly."},{"t":"img","f":"img-24","w":640,"h":364},{"t":"p","x":"影调控制的最后一个参数是“清晰度”。","b":false,"xe":"The last tonality parameter is 'Clarity'."},{"t":"p","x":"清晰度滑块右移会照片增加中间调（曝光度区域）的对比度，并且重点强化问物体边缘的对比度，从而让物体的纹理和细节更加清晰。对岩石，眼睛，衣服等表面有丰富纹理的物体，提高清晰度会让他们的细节更加突出。","b":true,"xe":"Moving Clarity right increases midtone (Exposure region) contrast, focusing on strengthening edge contrast so textures and details become clearer. For richly textured surfaces like rock, eyes and clothing, more clarity makes their detail stand out."},{"t":"p","x":"不过清晰度调的过渡会让边缘过锐过脏，使得照片不太真实，要把握好度。","b":false,"xe":"But overdoing Clarity makes edges too sharp and dirty, making the photo unrealistic — moderation matters."},{"t":"img","f":"img-25","w":640,"h":386},{"t":"p","x":"Lightroom和ACR基本面版的11个调整滑块到这里就介绍完啦，你理解了他们对一张照片影调和色调的影响了吗？","b":false,"xe":"That's all 11 adjustment sliders of the Lightroom/ACR Basic panel. Do you now understand their effects on a photo's tonality and color tone?"},{"t":"p","x":"本周总结","b":false,"xe":"Weekly summary"},{"t":"p","x":"本周我们从照片的影调和色调的角度重新认识了Lightroom和ACR的基本面板。","b":false,"xe":"This week we re-examined Lightroom and ACR's Basic panel from the perspective of tonality and color tone."},{"t":"p","x":"色温和色调会影响照片的整体色偏，而饱和度和自然饱和度（鲜艳度）控制了色彩的浓度。这4个滑块全局性的掌控了照片的色调。","b":false,"xe":"Temp and Tint affect the photo's overall color cast, while Saturation and Vibrance control color intensity. These 4 sliders globally command the photo's color tone."},{"t":"p","x":"白色，高光，曝光度，阴影，黑色对应着照片从最亮到最暗的五个区域，我们因此可以通过他们较精确的控制相应区域的明暗。对比度参数可以方便的加强照片的明暗层次。清晰度参数可以强化或者弱化物体的边缘与纹理。","b":false,"xe":"Whites, Highlights, Exposure, Shadows and Blacks correspond to the five regions from brightest to darkest, letting us precisely control each region's brightness. Contrast conveniently strengthens tonal layering. Clarity strengthens or weakens the edges and textures of objects."},{"t":"img","f":"img-26","w":558,"h":640},{"t":"p","x":"读完本文，你有更加明白Lightroom基本面板的11个“魔法”滑块吗？","b":false,"xe":"After reading this, do you better understand the 11 'magic' sliders of Lightroom's Basic panel?"},{"t":"p","x":"我是@Thomas看看世界，每个周日晚上，分享一篇原创摄影干货。","b":false,"xe":"I'm @Thomas Chu Photo — every Sunday evening I share an original piece of photography know-how."},{"t":"img","f":"img-27","w":360,"h":600}],"titleEn":"Beautify Photos Easily: Understanding Tone and Contrast in Lightroom's Basic Panel"}