{"slug":"lum-mask-local-adjust","title":"摄影局部后期核心技术，如何用亮度蒙版精准调整照片中的物体","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2021-02-07","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247492659&idx=1&sn=9bbd235bb076b89ba59ca173bf291439&chksm=eb821a57dcf59341e05989567c3c919a8ef83068fa77e17020037ee824a2a256065c6359f809&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"亮度蒙版（英文名：Luminosity Masks，国内也有译作明度蒙版、灰度蒙版），是一种基于亮度的局部选择工具。","b":false,"xe":"Luminosity masks are a luminance-based local selection tool."},{"t":"p","x":"如果说安塞尔亚当斯的“分区曝光法”，为摄影师的前期拍摄提供了指导。那么亮度蒙版，则为摄影师，特别是风景摄影师，提供了一种重要的后期局部调整工具。","b":false,"xe":"If Ansel Adams' Zone System guided photographers at capture time, then luminosity masks give photographers — landscape shooters especially — an essential tool for local adjustments in post."},{"t":"p","x":"今天的教程是亮度蒙版系列教程的第9期，我会和大家分享，如何用亮度蒙版，对画面的局部物体进行精确的选取和调整。","b":false,"xe":"Today is episode 9 of the luminosity mask series: how to precisely select and adjust individual objects with luminosity masks."},{"t":"h","x":"视频教程","xe":"Video Tutorial"},{"t":"bili","bv":"BV1Wy4y1Y7WL","bpic":"bili-1","bt":"摄影局部后期核心技术，如何用亮度蒙版精准调整照片中的物体"},{"t":"p","x":"这一篇是上面视频的完整图文整理，也是亮度蒙版系列的第 9 期。前几期讲了原理和曝光合成，这一期解决一个更日常的问题：怎么用亮度通道对画面里的单个物体做精准选取——视频里用一张阿尔卑斯山谷的照片连做两个演示：把瀑布水流提亮，再给树林的高光做一次光线渲染。从选通道、收窄蒙版到组蒙版双重限制，是一条完整可复制的流程。","xe":"This is the fully illustrated companion to the video above — episode 9 of the luminosity mask series. Where earlier episodes covered theory and exposure blending, this one tackles a more everyday task: precisely selecting a single object in the frame with luminosity channels. Thomas runs two demos on one Alpine valley photo — brightening the waterfall's flow, then adding a light render to the treetops. From channel selection to narrowing the mask and the double restriction of a group mask, it is a complete, repeatable workflow.","b":false},{"t":"p","x":"先看成片：瀑布水流被提亮、树林高光多了通透感，而山体、阴影和天空几乎没被惊动。这就是亮度蒙版局部选择的能力——下面按视频顺序拆解。","xe":"Start with the result: the waterfall is brighter, the treetops glow with translucency, while the cliff, the shadows and the sky are barely touched. That is what luminosity-mask selection can do — unpacked step by step below.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v12","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"h","x":"01 案例：一个文件里的两个局部任务","xe":"01 One Photo, Two Local Tasks"},{"t":"p","x":"案例是一张瑞士劳特布龙嫩（Lauterbrunnen）山谷的照片。Thomas 给它布置了两个任务：第一，把瀑布的水流提亮一点——这需要精确地选出瀑布本身；第二，对树林的高光部分做进一步的光线渲染，让高光更有一种通透感（视频 0:13 处）。两个操作都绕不开亮度蒙版对画面局部的选择。","xe":"The case is a photo of the Lauterbrunnen valley in Switzerland, given two tasks: first, brighten the waterfall's flow — which requires selecting the fall itself precisely; second, render the highlights of the forest for a more translucent, luminous feel (at 0:13 in the video). Both operations depend on luminosity masks for local selection.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v01","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"h","x":"02 生成通道：挑反差最大的一张","xe":"02 Generate Channels, Pick the Highest Contrast"},{"t":"p","x":"基础不重复讲，直接用 Thomas 的 PS 亮度蒙版生成动作：在动作面板里载入、选中生成工具、点击运行，通道面板里就会多出亮一到亮四、暗一到暗四、中间调一到六的一整套亮度通道（视频 1:32 处；没有动作的话可以在评论区找到下载链接）。","xe":"Skipping the basics, Thomas runs his Photoshop luminosity-mask action: load it into the Actions panel, select the generator, hit play — and the Channels panel fills with a full set: Lights 1-4, Darks 1-4 and Midtones 1-6 (at 1:32 in the video; the action download is linked in the comments).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v02","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"img","f":"v03","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"接下来的事非常简单：选一个合适的亮度通道，标准是「要选的物体呈现亮的白色、物体周边呈现黑色偏暗」，去找反差最大的那一张（视频 1:48 处）。对选瀑布来说，亮一不行——瀑布确实是亮的，但周边山体也很亮，两者混在一起（视频 2:07 处）；亮四又过了，瀑布暗得几乎看不出来（视频 2:18 处）；亮二或亮三比较合适，Thomas 最终选了亮三。","xe":"What follows is simple: pick the channel where the target object reads bright white while its surroundings read dark — the one with maximum contrast (at 1:48 in the video). For the waterfall, Lights 1 fails: the fall is bright, but so is the cliff around it, and the two blend together (at 2:07); Lights 4 overshoots, the fall turning too dark to see (at 2:18); Lights 2 or 3 work, and Thomas settles on Lights 3.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v04","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"img","f":"v05","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"在亮三通道上按住 Ctrl 键点击，把它载入为选区（视频 2:30 处）。","xe":"Ctrl-click the Lights 3 channel to load it as a selection (at 2:30 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v06","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"h","x":"03 曲线提亮：蒙版还能再收窄","xe":"03 Brighten with Curves, Then Tighten the Mask"},{"t":"p","x":"带着选区新建一个曲线调整图层，把曲线往上提——提亮基本只落在瀑布上，通道面板里的亮三可以先隐藏掉（视频 2:34 处）。此时周边山体还会被隐约带亮一点，不过这个提亮本身就是很自然的羽化过渡，多数情况下已经够用。","xe":"With the selection active, add a Curves adjustment layer and pull the curve up — the brightening lands almost exclusively on the waterfall; the Lights 3 channel can be hidden again (at 2:34 in the video). The cliff may still catch a faint lift, but it is a naturally feathered transition and usually good enough.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v07","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"如果想把周边山体彻底排除，可以再收窄蒙版：按住 Alt 键点击蒙版缩略图，把蒙版以黑白视图显示出来，然后在属性面板的「调整边缘」里左右移动滑块、增加对比度——目标是瀑布越来越亮、周边山体越来越黑（视频 3:02 处）。调到蒙版里只剩瀑布一块白、四周漆黑一片，提亮就完全只作用于水流了。","xe":"To exclude the cliff entirely, tighten the mask further: Alt-click the mask thumbnail to view it in black and white, then drag the sliders in the Properties panel's Masks — Adjust Edge to raise contrast — the goal being the waterfall growing brighter while its surroundings sink to black (at 3:02 in the video). When the mask shows nothing but the white fall on pitch black, the brightening acts on the water alone.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v08","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"h","x":"04 双重限制：亮度蒙版加组蒙版","xe":"04 Double Restriction: Luminosity Mask Plus Group Mask"},{"t":"p","x":"但亮度蒙版只认亮度：它选出的区域除了瀑布，还包含天空等其他亮部（视频 3:40 处）。所以要加第二重限制——新建一个组，把曲线图层拖进组里，再给组添加一个黑色空白蒙版：可以按住 Alt 键点击「添加图层蒙版」按钮直接生成黑蒙版，或者添加白色蒙版后 Ctrl+I 反相（视频 3:55 处）。这样曲线调整同时受它自己的亮度蒙版和组的蒙版双重控制。","xe":"But a luminosity mask only knows brightness: its selection covers the waterfall plus every other bright area, sky included (at 3:40 in the video). So add a second restriction — create a group, drag the Curves layer into it, and give the group an empty black mask: either Alt-click the Add Layer Mask button, or add a white mask and invert with Ctrl+I (at 3:55 in the video). The Curves adjustment is now governed by both its luminosity mask and the group mask.","b":false},{"t":"p","x":"接着前景色选白色、用画笔把瀑布区域轻轻一涂就可以了（视频 4:22 处）。注意 Thomas 涂的范围其实很大，连周边的山崖都涂进去了——但因为底下有亮度蒙版限制，最终依然只提亮了瀑布。这一步是整套方法最省心的地方：刷的时候可以大手大脚，亮度蒙版会替你把关。","xe":"Then set white as the foreground color and lightly brush over the waterfall (at 4:22 in the video). Note how large Thomas paints — even over the neighboring cliffs — yet only the waterfall brightens, because the luminosity mask underneath does the gating. That is the most forgiving part of the whole method: brush loosely, and the luminosity mask keeps the edges honest.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v09","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"两个蒙版缺一不可：假设没有亮度蒙版、只有组的蒙版，画笔一刷就把周边整片都刷亮了；而如果没有组、只有亮度蒙版，画面里所有符合亮度的区域都会被控制（视频 4:37 处）。两个蒙版合起来，才是「只选择瀑布这一块的高亮水流」——这也正是亮度蒙版对画面局部做清晰选择的核心思路。","xe":"Neither mask works alone: without the luminosity mask, one brushstroke lights up the whole neighborhood; without the group, every bright region in the frame falls under the adjustment's control (at 4:37 in the video). Only the two together mean 'just the bright flowing water of the waterfall' — the core idea of precise local selection with luminosity masks.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v10","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"h","x":"05 光线渲染：TK 插件刷亮树林高光","xe":"05 Light Render: Treetop Glow with the TK Panel"},{"t":"p","x":"第二个任务是对树林高光做光线渲染，让它的高光更有通透感。流程一模一样，这次 Thomas 换用 TK Actions 插件来生成蒙版：新建一个曲线调整图层（拖到组外面，因为作用的是另一个区域），先整条曲线提亮——此时整个画面都亮了没关系，马上重新给它做选择（视频 5:41 处）。","xe":"The second task renders the forest highlights for a more translucent glow. The workflow is identical, but this time Thomas generates the mask with the TK Actions plugin: add a Curves adjustment layer (outside the group, since this acts on another region) and raise the whole curve first — no matter that the entire frame brightens, a new selection is about to replace it (at 5:41 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v11","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"插件的方便之处在于点数字即得蒙版：点亮一、亮二、亮三，面板直接预览对应的亮度蒙版，合适就点应用（视频 6:02 处）。对树林高光来说亮二比较合适——高光部分基本被选出、周边暗部压得很低；如果觉得不合适，还可以用色阶工具对蒙版进一步调整。之后的操作完全复制第 04 节：新建组、生成空白蒙版、Ctrl+I 反相，用白色画笔把中间这片树林刷亮一点点（视频 6:30 处）。","xe":"The plugin's convenience is mask-on-demand: click 1, 2, 3 and the panel previews each Lights mask directly — apply when satisfied (at 6:02 in the video). For the treetops, Lights 2 works best — highlights mostly in, surroundings pressed low; if it needs refining, a Levels adjustment on the mask will do. From here the routine repeats section 04 exactly: new group, empty mask, Ctrl+I to invert, then a white brush to lift the central forest a touch (at 6:30 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v13","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"刷树林时不管怎么刷到周边的阴影区，有亮度蒙版限制在，阴影都不会被提亮，只有树冠的高光部分亮起来，中间这片树林顿时光彩照人（视频 6:53 处）。反过来，没有组的限制，整个画面的亮度都会被提亮；没有亮度蒙版，刷出来的一片会非常夸张、非常不自然。所以说亮度蒙版是极好的局部选择工具，能让后期的光线渲染更自然、更舒服、更精确——但它需要配合分组和局部蒙版一起对画面进行限制，才能达到精确的选择（视频 7:05 处）。","xe":"However sloppily you brush across the surrounding shadows, the luminosity mask keeps them dark — only the canopy highlights come alive, and the central forest suddenly glows (at 6:53 in the video). Reverse the setup and it fails both ways: without the group the whole frame brightens; without the luminosity mask the brushed patch looks garish and unnatural. A luminosity mask is a superb local-selection tool that makes light renders natural, comfortable and precise — but only when paired with groups and local masks to constrain it (at 7:05 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"quote","x":"1. 亮度蒙版选物体的口诀：物体亮白、周边黑暗，找反差最大的那张通道（瀑布案例选亮三，树林高光选亮二）；2. 通道 Ctrl+点击转选区，新建曲线提亮，还嫌不够准就用蒙版的调整边缘增加对比度，让目标更亮、周边更黑；3. 亮度蒙版只认亮度、会误选天空等亮区，必须装进组里加一层黑色组蒙版，再用白画笔大胆涂——刷得再大也只作用于目标亮度；4. TK Actions 插件点数字即可生成并预览亮度蒙版，配合分组和局部蒙版，光线渲染才能做到自然、精确。","xe":"1. The rule for selecting an object: it should read bright white on a dark surround — pick the channel with maximum contrast (Lights 3 for the waterfall, Lights 2 for the treetops); 2. Ctrl-click the channel into a selection, brighten with Curves, and if precision still falls short, use Masks — Adjust Edge to raise contrast until the target whitens and its surroundings blacken; 3. A luminosity mask only knows brightness and will catch the sky — house the adjustment in a group with a black group mask, then brush boldly in white: however wide you paint, only the target brightness responds; 4. The TK Actions panel generates and previews masks at the click of a number — combined with groups and local masks, your light renders become natural and exact."},{"t":"p","x":"亮度蒙版自制动作下载：","b":false,"xe":"Download the custom luminosity mask action:"},{"t":"p","x":"链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1pLUY8IC4pEOuJ3DWuTb4hA","b":false,"xe":"Link: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1pLUY8IC4pEOuJ3DWuTb4hA"},{"t":"p","x":"提取码: kci3","b":false,"xe":"Extraction code: kci3"}],"titleEn":"Core Local Editing: Precise Object Adjustments with Luminosity Masks"}