{"slug":"more-than-shutter","title":"摄影只是按快门那么简单吗？浅谈摄影的进阶之道","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2018-08-12","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247487217&idx=1&sn=088e749c202007cc9d2ae8b1bc6d8eae&chksm=eb81f095dcf679837746a5f9f31704a93a8c10c00f8b9190509c9af7551cf81d4f2c09a00f17&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"每周一篇教程，让摄影不再难学","b":false,"xe":"One tutorial every week — making photography easy to learn"},{"t":"p","x":"本文作者：Terry-F","b":false,"xe":"Author of this article: Terry-F"},{"t":"p","x":"原文刊登于“澳洲扫海帮”","b":false,"xe":"Originally published by \"澳洲扫海帮\" (Australian Seascape Group)"},{"t":"p","x":"“摄影师有什么了不起，不就是摁一下快门么？”","b":false,"xe":"\"What's so great about photographers? Isn't it just pressing the shutter?\""},{"t":"p","x":"然而许多人不知道摄影师摁快门和普通人的区别。而对于摄影师而言，你们为摁快门做好了准备么？","b":false,"xe":"Yet many people don't know the difference between a photographer pressing the shutter and an ordinary person doing so. And for photographers: have you prepared yourselves for that press of the shutter?"},{"t":"p","x":"以笔者自己为例，在刚入门摄影的时候，","b":false,"xe":"Take myself as an example: when I first started photography,"},{"t":"p","x":"想拍成这样的：","b":false,"xe":"I wanted to shoot something like this:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":500,"h":762},{"t":"p","x":"（图片作者：Air&N2---http://ken-cyf.lofter.com/）","b":false,"xe":"(Image author: Air&N2 --- http://ken-cyf.lofter.com/)"},{"t":"p","x":"然而我拍出来却是这样的：","b":false,"xe":"Yet what I actually shot looked like this:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":500,"h":749},{"t":"p","x":"同样是摁快门，效果为什么差距这么大？","b":false,"xe":"The same press of the shutter — why is the outcome so different?"},{"t":"p","x":"解释这个问题，我们得从作品本身说起。一张照片无疑是由两个关键点构成：思想和技术，而这两点又可以划分为许许多多的部分。参见下表","b":false,"xe":"To explain this question, we have to start with the work itself. A photo is undoubtedly composed of two key elements: ideas and technique — and each of these can be divided into many parts. See the table below."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":500,"h":343},{"t":"h","x":"1","xe":"1"},{"t":"h","x":"思想是核心内容","xe":"Ideas Are the Core Content"},{"t":"p","x":"如果摄影师本身在拍摄的时候缺乏想法，那么他的作品可能会卡在拍糖水小清新这个门槛上，不论是人像、风景还是人文，没有想法，图片就流于形式，只能算是小清新或者好看的壁纸。","b":false,"xe":"If a photographer lacks ideas when shooting, his work may get stuck at the threshold of saccharine, \"fresh and cute\" pictures. Whether portrait, landscape, or documentary — without ideas, images degenerate into mere form, amounting only to something fresh-looking or a pretty wallpaper."},{"t":"p","x":"因此在摁快门之前，我们要先自己做一道不定项选择题：","b":false,"xe":"So before pressing the shutter, we should first answer a multiple-choice question of our own:"},{"t":"p","x":"A. 主题鲜明的故事性题材","b":false,"xe":"A. A narrative subject with a clear theme"},{"t":"p","x":"B. 表达或者引起某种纯粹的情绪","b":false,"xe":"B. Expressing or evoking a pure emotion"},{"t":"p","x":"C. 诠释某种潜在意识、观念或者思想","b":false,"xe":"C. Interpreting some subconscious, concept, or idea"},{"t":"p","x":"D. 讨论几何、美学乃至哲学的问题","b":false,"xe":"D. Discussing questions of geometry, aesthetics, or even philosophy"},{"t":"p","x":"不论你经历了什么，想拍什么，都应该进行这一步的思考。笔者也将在此对这几个思考方向进行分析","b":false,"xe":"No matter what you have experienced or what you want to shoot, this step of thinking should be carried out. I will analyze these directions of thought below."},{"t":"h","x":"选项A：主题鲜明的故事性题材","xe":"Option A: A Narrative Subject with a Clear Theme"},{"t":"p","x":"这个故事可以是别人的故事，可以是摄影师自己的故事，也可以是根据经验虚构的故事。表现故事往往会选择使用组图的方法展开情节，也可以用单图。","b":false,"xe":"The story can be someone else's story, the photographer's own story, or a fictional story based on experience. Telling a story often uses a photo series to unfold the plot, though a single image can also work."},{"t":"p","x":"例如Danielle Guenther以家庭为题材的创意图片","b":false,"xe":"For example, Danielle Guenther's creative family-themed images"},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":500,"h":383},{"t":"h","x":"选项B：表达或者引起某种纯粹的情绪","xe":"Option B: Expressing or Evoking a Pure Emotion"},{"t":"p","x":"不需要明确的故事或者深刻的哲学思考，但是着重于情绪表达。情绪题材的摄影不局限于人像，也可以是风景或纪实。","b":false,"xe":"No explicit story or profound philosophical reflection is needed — the emphasis is on emotional expression. Emotion-themed photography is not limited to portraits; it can also be landscape or documentary."},{"t":"p","x":"情绪的表达并不一定是找个女孩甩甩头发，抽根烟颓废一下或者故意拍模糊就可以达到的。这些都是形式，而内涵则需要摄影师在拍摄前进行充分思考和准备才能够表达出来。","b":false,"xe":"Expressing emotion cannot necessarily be achieved by finding a girl to toss her hair, smoke a cigarette looking decadent, or deliberately shooting out of focus. Those are all forms; the substance requires the photographer to think thoroughly and prepare before shooting."},{"t":"p","x":"例如Astrid Schulz的人像、肖像摄影","b":false,"xe":"For example, Astrid Schulz's portrait photography"},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":500,"h":499},{"t":"h","x":"选项C：诠释某种潜在意识、观念或者思想","xe":"Option C: Interpreting Some Subconscious, Concept, or Idea"},{"t":"p","x":"这需要摄影师进行深层次的自我挖掘，窥视自己内心深处，再用图像的方式把观念或者潜意识重组展现出了。","b":false,"xe":"This requires the photographer to dig deep into himself, peer into his innermost depths, and then reassemble and present the concept or subconscious through imagery."},{"t":"p","x":"例如Oprisco的观念摄影","b":false,"xe":"For example, Oprisco's conceptual photography"},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":500,"h":500},{"t":"h","x":"选项D：讨论几何、美学乃至哲学的问题","xe":"Option D: Discussing Questions of Geometry, Aesthetics, or Even Philosophy"},{"t":"p","x":"讨论这一类的问题，需要更严谨的构思和更大胆的尝试。也需要摄影师自身有很长时间在这方面的积累，并且掌握合理的方式将问题提出并将思考演绎出来。","b":false,"xe":"Discussing this kind of question requires more rigorous conception and bolder experimentation. It also requires the photographer's own long accumulation in this area, plus mastery of reasonable ways to pose the question and develop the reflection."},{"t":"p","x":"例如Jacky Redgate的纯艺术摄影","b":false,"xe":"For example, Jacky Redgate's fine-art photography"},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":500,"h":398},{"t":"p","x":"在实际操作中，上述四点之间都有或多或少的交集。而这方面的综合思考能力是几乎每个人都具备的，只是很多人都不能将这些问题联系起来转换为视觉信息。","b":false,"xe":"In practice, the four points above all intersect to a greater or lesser degree. Almost everyone possesses this kind of comprehensive thinking ability — it's just that many people cannot connect these questions and convert them into visual information."},{"t":"h","x":"2","xe":"2"},{"t":"h","x":"技术用于传达思想","xe":"Technique Serves to Convey Ideas"},{"t":"p","x":"不同的思想需要的技术不同，技术需要够用，但是实际上只是一个实现想法的工具而已。这里用笔者自己的两个案例来分析一下如何利用技术传达思想。","b":false,"xe":"Different ideas require different techniques. Technique needs to be adequate, but in reality it is only a tool for realizing ideas. Here I use two cases of my own to analyze how to use technique to convey ideas."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":500,"h":750},{"t":"p","x":"上图旨在表达情绪和故事。其中主要运用了以下四个技术","b":false,"xe":"The image above aims to express emotion and story. It mainly employed the following four techniques:"},{"t":"p","x":"·动作引导：将模特带入主题和情绪，解释拍摄内容，并告知每个动作预计的效果。","b":false,"xe":"· Action guidance: bringing the model into the theme and emotion, explaining the shoot, and telling her the expected effect of each movement."},{"t":"p","x":"·长曝光：使用三脚架固定相机，人物和环境分两次拍摄。环境拍摄使用15秒长曝光让流水雾化。","b":false,"xe":"· Long exposure: fixing the camera on a tripod, shooting the person and the environment in two passes; the environment shot used a 15-second long exposure to blur the flowing water into mist."},{"t":"p","x":"·环境HDR：拍摄三张不同曝光的环境图，获取最大细节。","b":false,"xe":"· Environmental HDR: shooting three differently exposed frames of the environment to capture maximum detail."},{"t":"p","x":"·后期合成：将人物和环境图合到一起。","b":false,"xe":"· Post compositing: merging the person and the environment images into one."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":500,"h":500},{"t":"p","x":"上图旨在讨论人与自然的关系。其中主要运用了以下两个技术","b":false,"xe":"The image above aims to discuss the relationship between humans and nature. It mainly employed the following two techniques:"},{"t":"p","x":"·拍摄时合理布光，让主要素材光影和谐一致。","b":false,"xe":"· Reasonable lighting during the shoot, keeping light and shadow harmonious across the main materials."},{"t":"p","x":"·后期将素材按照构思合成到一起。","b":false,"xe":"· Compositing the materials together in post according to the plan."},{"t":"p","x":"笔者在拍摄这些照片之前，并没有完全相应的技术储备。有了构思和详细的计划之后，再开始学习实现想法的技术。这样在有了思路的基础上学习技术会很清楚自己要什么，于是学习效率更高，更有针对性，也可以直接进行实践来巩固技术。","b":false,"xe":"Before shooting these photos, I did not yet fully possess the corresponding technical reserve. Only after having the concept and a detailed plan did I begin learning the techniques to realize the idea. Learning technique on the basis of having an idea makes it very clear what you need — so learning is more efficient and targeted, and you can practice directly to consolidate the technique."},{"t":"p","x":"就好比在装修房子之前，一般人都会先做好设计再购置家具。而不是先把所有能买的家具买齐了再来设计。","b":false,"xe":"It's like renovating a house: most people do the design first and then buy furniture — not buy every piece of furniture available and then design."},{"t":"h","x":"3","xe":"3"},{"t":"h","x":"技术与思想的权衡","xe":"Weighing Technique Against Ideas"},{"t":"p","x":"绝大多数人缺不是技术，还有很多人掉进了技术的陷阱，觉得自己拍不好一定是因为技术不够。","b":false,"xe":"What the vast majority of people lack is not technique; and many people fall into the technique trap, feeling that their photos must be bad because their technique is insufficient."},{"t":"p","x":"出现这个困惑以后就容易产生以下两个做法","b":false,"xe":"Once this confusion arises, the following two behaviors easily follow:"},{"t":"p","x":"· 拼命学技术，而且是学那些方法简单，效果浮夸的技术。","b":false,"xe":"· Frantically learning techniques — especially those with simple methods and flashy effects."},{"t":"p","x":"· 长期模仿不思进取。","b":false,"xe":"· Long-term imitation without seeking progress."},{"t":"p","x":"以上两个问题都是国内摄影圈的普遍现象。都是为了“快速”出大片而采取的办法。结果就是大家的图都趋于一致，审美都趋于形式，都想着又省事又出片。","b":false,"xe":"Both problems above are common phenomena in the domestic photography circle — approaches taken to produce \"blockbusters\" quickly. The result is that everyone's images converge toward sameness, aesthetics converge toward formula, and everyone wants to save effort while still getting shots."},{"t":"p","x":"实际上，技术上的堆砌并不能让一张照片成功，技术再多也充其量是张壁纸。笔者在瓶颈期的时候拍摄（制作）了不少壁纸。","b":false,"xe":"In reality, piling up technique cannot make a photo successful; no matter how much technique there is, it amounts at best to a wallpaper. During my bottleneck period, I shot (produced) quite a few wallpapers."},{"t":"p","x":"下面这张图从拍摄到完成耗时大约20小时。然而只是技术的堆砌，并没有什么内涵，虽然说这张习作打开了我后期合成的大门，但是从未发布，因为仅仅是一个习作而已。","b":false,"xe":"The image below took about 20 hours from shooting to completion. Yet it is merely a pile-up of technique with no substance. Though this exercise opened the door to post compositing for me, it was never published — because it is just an exercise."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":500,"h":281},{"t":"p","x":"流程简介","b":false,"xe":"A Brief Process Overview"},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":400,"h":4491},{"t":"p","x":"更重要的是，技术和思想都不可能一朝一夕练就。最吸引眼球的那些教学例如：《10招学会构图》《一个小窍门教会你调色》《十分钟调出小清新色调》对于摄影师和有一定追求的摄影爱好者来说也是最有害的。","b":false,"xe":"More importantly, neither technique nor ideas can be acquired overnight. The most eye-catching tutorials — \"10 Tricks to Master Composition,\" \"One Little Tip to Teach You Color Grading,\" \"Ten Minutes to a Fresh Pastel Tone\" — are also the most harmful for photographers and for enthusiasts with some aspiration."},{"t":"p","x":"对于摄影而言，不论思想还是技术，最重要的提升方式都是长期稳定的积累。就像学英语，有几个人可以在三个月内从入门到雅思八九分呢？何况雅思也只是个高层次的入门考试罢了。","b":false,"xe":"For photography, whether ideas or technique, the most important way to improve is long-term, steady accumulation. It's like learning English: how many people can go from beginner to an IELTS 8–9 in three months? And IELTS is merely a high-level entry exam anyway."},{"t":"p","x":"在理想状态下（一个没有重大缺陷并努力学习的摄影师），思想和技术上的发展应该大致是以不同速率不断提升的。","b":false,"xe":"Under ideal conditions (a photographer without major flaws who studies hard), the development of ideas and technique should both rise continuously, albeit at different rates."},{"t":"p","x":"在入门的时候，思想高于技术，因为拿起相机，可能找不到快门，但不可能没有想法。随着时间推移，摄影师在学习和实践过程中技术可以很快超越思想，而这一点也很有必要，因为有些看似简单的构思，需要非常高的技术才可以实现。","b":false,"xe":"At the entry stage, ideas outpace technique: pick up a camera and you may not find the shutter button, but you cannot have no ideas. As time passes, through learning and practice, a photographer's technique can quickly surpass his ideas — and this is necessary, because some seemingly simple concepts require very high technique to realize."},{"t":"p","x":"那么对于一个高水平摄影师来说，他需要更高的技术来支持自己实现想法。但是技术相对有限，学的越多，进步越慢；而思想却无穷无尽，想得越多，构思效率越高，脑洞也就越大。","b":false,"xe":"For a high-level photographer, then, he needs even higher technique to support the realization of his ideas. But technique is relatively finite — the more you learn, the slower the progress; while ideas are endless — the more you think, the more efficient your conception, and the wilder your imagination."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":500,"h":292},{"t":"h","x":"结语","xe":"Conclusion"},{"t":"p","x":"首先，摁快门并不是一件简单的事情，也并不是很多人想的“无非是前期技术和后期技术”那么直截了当，而是从获得想法到实现想法的一个过程。","b":false,"xe":"First, pressing the shutter is not a simple matter, nor is it as straightforward as many think — \"nothing more than in-camera technique plus post technique\" — but a process from obtaining an idea to realizing it."},{"t":"p","x":"其次技术最终只是实现想法的手段，决定了一张作品的下限；思想一张照片的闪光点，决定了一张作品的上限。你可以用手机拍出一张有意义的大片，也可以用中画幅拍出平庸的图片。","b":false,"xe":"Second, technique is ultimately only a means of realizing ideas; it determines a work's floor. Ideas are a photo's flash of brilliance; they determine a work's ceiling. You can shoot a meaningful masterpiece with a phone, and you can shoot a mediocre image with medium format."},{"t":"p","x":"归根结底，最重要的还是需要耐心，遇到困难就解决困难，保持一颗永远谦虚的心。","b":false,"xe":"In the final analysis, what matters most is patience: solve difficulties as they come, and keep an ever-humble heart."},{"t":"h","x":"本文作者：","xe":"Author of this article:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":640,"h":640},{"t":"h","x":"▲ 冯韬（Terry F）","xe":"▲ Feng Tao (Terry F) (冯韬)"},{"t":"p","x":"美国Getty Image 签约摄影师","b":false,"xe":"Getty Images contributing photographer (USA)"},{"t":"p","x":"微博、Lofter超人气摄影师","b":false,"xe":"Highly popular photographer on Weibo and Lofter"},{"t":"p","x":"摄影之友、米拍、Nisi特邀讲师","b":false,"xe":"Guest lecturer for Photo Companion (摄影之友), MiPai (米拍), and Nisi"},{"t":"h","x":"欢迎关注@Thomas看看世界，","xe":"Follow @Thomas Chu Photo,"},{"t":"h","x":"每周学会一个摄影技能。","xe":"and learn one photography skill every week."}],"titleEn":"Is Photography Just Pressing the Shutter?"}