{"slug":"natgeo-2018-award-why","title":"这些照片为什么能拿到国家地理摄影大奖？","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2018-12-16","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247487959&idx=1&sn=6b334cb19696e228b06c60cceeea0795&chksm=eb81efb3dcf666a52cf2131b1dcb55d49454a705f6ae3a4d307c0f2186eaa637527f68c98a54&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"一年一度的美国国家地理摄影大赛，是最具影响力的大众类摄影比赛之一。2018年的获奖作品已经出炉，除了欣赏这些精彩的照片之外，摄影爱好者也可以从中学到许多东西。","b":false,"xe":"The annual National Geographic photography contest is one of the most influential mass-participation photography contests. The 2018 winning works have been announced. Besides appreciating these wonderful photos, photography enthusiasts can also learn a lot from them."},{"t":"h","x":"最终大奖/地方类一等奖","xe":"Grand Prize / First Place, Places Category"},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"p","x":"摄影师︰JASSEN TODOROV","b":false,"xe":"Photographer: JASSEN TODOROV"},{"t":"p","x":"作品名：不真实的世界","b":false,"xe":"Work title: \"An Unreal World\""},{"t":"p","x":"简介：成千上万辆大众和奥迪轿车停泊在加州的莫哈韦沙漠之中。大众在2009-2015年生产的部分车型中采用了作弊手段，试图在排放测试中作假通过美国环保署的排放标准。丑闻发生后，大众召回了数百万辆车。通过拍摄类似的作品，我希望大家对美丽的地球产生更清楚的认识，同时更多地保护我们的地球。","b":false,"xe":"Description: Tens of thousands of Volkswagen and Audi cars are parked in California's Mojave Desert. Volkswagen used cheating methods in some models produced from 2009-2015, trying to falsify emission tests to pass the US EPA emission standards. After the scandal broke, Volkswagen recalled millions of vehicles. By shooting works like this, I hope everyone gains a clearer understanding of our beautiful planet and does more to protect it."},{"t":"p","x":"托马斯在书中提到过，一张照片的分解，主要可以分成器材、技术、形式、内容4个维度。","b":false,"xe":"Thomas has mentioned in his book that a photo can be broken down mainly into four dimensions: equipment, technique, form, and content."},{"t":"p","x":"就像写作文要有笔，不能有太多错别字一样，器材和技术是摄影的一个基础。摄影比赛中排名前列的作品，大部分都在这些方面没有失误，更多的是在形式和内容上进行竞争。","b":false,"xe":"Just as writing an essay requires a pen and shouldn't have too many typos, equipment and technique are a foundation of photography. Most top-ranked works in photography contests have no mistakes in these aspects; the competition is more about form and content."},{"t":"p","x":"大奖照片的形式感是非常强烈的，通过地面上点、线、面的结构布置，给我们呈现了一个视觉奇观。","b":false,"xe":"The grand prize photo has a very strong sense of form, presenting a visual spectacle through the structural arrangement of points, lines, and planes on the ground."},{"t":"p","x":"大地被中间的道路一分为二，左边的空地，让我们看到了自然被改变之前的样子，而右侧已经停的密密麻麻的废弃车场，则让我们看到了人类改变之后的自然地貌，非常的震撼。","b":false,"xe":"The land is divided in two by the road through the middle. The empty area on the left shows us what nature looked like before it was changed, while the densely packed scrapyard on the right shows us the natural terrain after human alteration — truly striking."},{"t":"p","x":"这张照片的构图不仅从形式上充满了节奏，而且很好的强化了内容的表达。","b":false,"xe":"This photo's composition is not only full of rhythm in form, but also greatly reinforces the expression of content."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":1080,"h":722},{"t":"p","x":"这是作者在同一个地方，航拍的另外一张照片，虽然十分精彩，但比起大奖作品，构图上就差了一些。","b":false,"xe":"This is another aerial photo the author took at the same place. Though wonderful, its composition falls a bit short compared with the grand prize work."},{"t":"p","x":"后面的这张照片，整体的节奏感更强，但缺少一些高潮部分，也就是大奖作品中的一些对比。","b":false,"xe":"The later photo has a stronger overall sense of rhythm, but lacks some climactic elements — that is, the contrasts found in the grand prize work."},{"t":"p","x":"比如大奖作品中，道路左右两侧原始地貌和人类景观的对比，无疑大大的强化了主题。","b":false,"xe":"For example, in the grand prize work, the contrast between the pristine terrain and the human landscape on either side of the road undoubtedly greatly strengthens the theme."},{"t":"p","x":"而道路左侧的飞机，不仅起到了视觉平衡的作用，也和右侧的汽车群形成了大小、数量甚至方向上的反差，让照片从视觉上更加出彩。","b":false,"xe":"And the plane on the left side of the road not only serves a visual balancing role, but also forms contrasts of scale, quantity, and even direction with the group of cars on the right, making the photo visually more striking."},{"t":"p","x":"我在《好照片的秘诀 - 对比和冲突》一文中也提到过，对比的方法不仅在照片中，甚至在文章、绘画、电影等其他叙述语言里，都是常用的一种表达技巧。","b":false,"xe":"As I mentioned in my article \"The Secret of Good Photos — Contrast and Conflict,\" the method of contrast is a common expressive technique not only in photos, but also in articles, paintings, films, and other narrative languages."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":1080,"h":721},{"t":"p","x":"当然大奖作品的最终获奖，更多的还是内容上的原因。大众造假门是轰动一时的社会事件，相关的照片很多，但从传播性上都有一些缺陷。","b":false,"xe":"Of course, the grand prize work ultimately won mostly for content reasons. The Volkswagen emissions-cheating scandal was a sensational social event with many related photos, but they all had some flaws in terms of spreadability."},{"t":"p","x":"摄影师在拍摄美国沙漠中的飞机坟场的时候，敏锐的抓住了这个颇具时代感和独特性的汽车坟场，很好的切入了这个事件，以及背后更广阔的环境与社会议题。","b":false,"xe":"While photographing the aircraft boneyard in the American desert, the photographer keenly seized upon this car graveyard full of historical resonance and uniqueness, cutting neatly into this event and the broader environmental and social issues behind it."},{"t":"p","x":"内容上的创新是这张照片的一大闪光点。在高水平的比赛中，评委面对的是成百上千张，内容和形式上都很精彩的照片。要从中脱颖而出，照片的创新性，或者说是陌生感是非常重要的。","b":false,"xe":"Innovation in content is a major highlight of this photo. In high-level contests, judges face hundreds or thousands of photos that are excellent in both content and form. To stand out, a photo's innovativeness — or its sense of unfamiliarity — is very important."},{"t":"p","x":"STAS BARTNIKAS的这张照片，是本次比赛的编辑精选照片之一，内容上同属环保题材，形式上也无可挑剔。不过表现工厂的化工排放，以及这类型的航拍照片，已经有了不少。因此在和同样深刻却更具时代感的“大众门”主题照片比起来，创新性上就差了一些。","b":false,"xe":"This photo by STAS BARTNIKAS is one of the editor's picks of this contest; in content it's also an environmental theme, and in form it's impeccable. However, there are already many photos depicting factory chemical emissions and this type of aerial photography. So compared with the equally profound yet more zeitgeist-y \"Volkswagen scandal\" themed photo, it falls short in innovativeness."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"p","x":"下面这两张JASSEN TODOROV的冰岛、墨西哥航拍抽象类照片，其实有点像文章中的骈文，更具诗意。","b":false,"xe":"These two aerial abstract photos by JASSEN TODOROV, of Iceland and Mexico, are a bit like parallel prose in essays — more poetic."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":1080,"h":719},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":1080,"h":718},{"t":"p","x":"不过这两个地方的航拍照片，这几年已经在各大比赛中斩获了很多奖项。随着大众和评委的审美疲劳，未来的曝光频率会越来越低。","b":false,"xe":"However, aerial photos of these two places have won many awards in various contests in recent years. As the public and judges grow aesthetically fatigued, their future exposure frequency will keep decreasing."},{"t":"p","x":"虽然有一定的主观性，但在单张类照片的评选中，创新性、独特性和陌生感，是高手过招中的核心影响因子，从历届大奖作品中也可以窥见一二。","b":false,"xe":"Although somewhat subjective, in the judging of single-image categories, innovativeness, uniqueness, and unfamiliarity are the core influencing factors among masters competing — a glimpse of this can be seen in past grand prize works."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":828,"h":545},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":827,"h":550},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":829,"h":549},{"t":"h","x":"地方类二等奖","xe":"Second Place, Places Category"},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"p","x":"摄影师︰NICHOLAS MOIR","b":false,"xe":"Photographer: NICHOLAS MOIR"},{"t":"p","x":"作品名：尘中雷鸟","b":false,"xe":"Work title: \"Thunderbird in the Dust\""},{"t":"p","x":"简介：在德克萨斯州的罗尔斯，一辆生锈的福特雷鸟汽车，被超级风暴所带来的红色尘土覆盖。德州潘汉德尔的田地非常干燥，而雷暴引起的大风时速超过140公里，因此很容易卷起田地里的表层土，并带到更南部的地区。当时我带着一组摄影师和摄像师在龙卷风走廊地区追逐风暴，这是我们最后一天的一次成功追逐，在10天的时间里我们共见证了16次龙卷风。","b":false,"xe":"Description: In Ralls, Texas, a rusty Ford Thunderbird is covered in red dust brought by a supercell storm. The fields of the Texas Panhandle are very dry, and the high winds from the thunderstorm exceeded 140 km/h, easily picking up the topsoil and carrying it further south. At the time, I was leading a group of photographers and videographers chasing storms in Tornado Alley. This was a successful chase on our last day; over 10 days we witnessed 16 tornadoes in total."},{"t":"p","x":"照片的内容多种多样，可以是社会议题，也可以是观念哲学，也可以是场景展现。","b":false,"xe":"The content of photos is diverse: it can be a social issue, a philosophical concept, or a scene presentation."},{"t":"p","x":"场景展现类的照片，故事感、氛围感和个性化情绪，是最为关键的亮点之一。","b":false,"xe":"For scene-presentation photos, the sense of story, atmosphere, and personalized emotion are among the most crucial highlights."},{"t":"p","x":"在这张照片中，摄影师构造了一个奇异的氛围，故事感极强。漫天的黄色尘土，朦胧的树木，还有被尘土覆盖，已经破损不堪的复古汽车。","b":false,"xe":"In this photo, the photographer constructed a strange atmosphere with a strong sense of story: yellow dust filling the sky, hazy trees, and a vintage car covered in dust and already battered."},{"t":"p","x":"这是哪儿？为什么会有一辆老爷车停在这儿？读者带着一个个疑问，走入了这个场景之中。","b":false,"xe":"Where is this? Why is a vintage car parked here? Readers step into this scene carrying one question after another."},{"t":"p","x":"要表现龙卷风、风暴、闪电，我们常常见到类似下面的一种呈现角度。而从漫天尘土中进行展现，也体现了摄影师的创新能力和深入探索能力。","b":false,"xe":"To depict tornadoes, storms, and lightning, we often see a presentation angle like the one below. Presenting it through dust filling the sky also demonstrates the photographer's innovation and deep-exploration ability."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"h","x":"地方类三等奖","xe":"Third Place, Places Category"},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"p","x":"摄影师︰CHRISTIAN WERNER","b":false,"xe":"Photographer: CHRISTIAN WERNER"},{"t":"p","x":"作品名：毁灭之路","b":false,"xe":"Work title: \"Road of Destruction\""},{"t":"p","x":"简介：在为德国的《明镜周刊》执行拍摄任务时，我们曾驱车穿行于叙利亚，记录叙利亚大城市的现状。当我第一次进入霍姆斯市的卡里迪亚区时，对眼前的景象感到震撼不已。为了拍摄这张照片，我询问一位负责这片地区的叙利亚士兵是否能够爬到其中的一处废墟上。这位士兵允许我攀爬，不过要求我自担风险。我爬上了一栋旧房子的废墟，废墟里遍布简易爆炸装置，但我还是冒险拍下了这幅作品。","b":false,"xe":"Description: While on assignment for Germany's Der Spiegel, we drove through Syria documenting the current state of Syria's major cities. When I first entered the Khalidiya district of Homs, I was deeply shocked by what I saw. To shoot this photo, I asked a Syrian soldier in charge of the area whether I could climb onto one of the ruins. The soldier allowed me to climb, but required me to assume the risk myself. I climbed onto the ruins of an old house, which was strewn with improvised explosive devices, but I still took the risk to capture this work."},{"t":"p","x":"这张照片无论是形式和内容，都十分震撼。","b":false,"xe":"This photo is striking in both form and content."},{"t":"p","x":"作者冒着风险登上高处，角度构图极具层次感，太阳的影子也让照片更加立体。但这样细节丰富的城市，却全是废墟和瓦片，像是世界末日一般，让人深省。","b":false,"xe":"The author climbed high at great risk, and the angle and composition are highly layered, with the sun's shadows making the photo more three-dimensional. Yet this detail-rich city is entirely ruins and rubble, like the end of the world, prompting deep reflection."},{"t":"p","x":"照片中唯一完好的，就是前景的小汽车，这也无疑是画面中的点睛之笔，这种故事感和戏剧性，更让人陷入了深深的不安之中。","b":false,"xe":"The only intact thing in the photo is the small car in the foreground — undoubtedly the finishing touch of the frame. This sense of story and drama plunges viewers into deep unease."},{"t":"h","x":"地方类编辑精选（部分）","xe":"Editor's Picks, Places Category (Part)"},{"t":"p","x":"以下这些照片，都是本次国家地理大赛的精选作品。本次大赛还设有自然类和人物类两个组别，因为篇幅的关系，在这里无法全部展示，大家可以前往国家地理网站观看。","b":false,"xe":"The photos below are all selected works from this National Geographic contest. This contest also has two other categories — Nature and People. Due to space limitations, not all can be shown here; everyone can view them on the National Geographic website."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"img","f":"img-22","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"img","f":"img-23","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"img","f":"img-24","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"img","f":"img-25","w":1080,"h":810},{"t":"p","x":"以上图片均来自美国国家地理网站，中文照片描述来自国家地理中文网。","b":false,"xe":"All images above are from the National Geographic website, and the Chinese photo descriptions are from National Geographic China's website."}],"titleEn":"Why Did These Photos Win National Geographic Photography Awards?"}