{"slug":"perseid-meteor-shower","title":"英仙座流星雨来啦，如何拍摄和后期流星雨？","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2020-08-09","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247491129&idx=1&sn=1bdf1569ede4e4e138b5d94907d8e8df&chksm=eb81e05ddcf6694b7585114ecf92d24c90afe99eca71730db4cbe9b41a7c400f057d6cfa7694&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"8月12日，一年一度的英仙座流星雨即将迎来最大值，每个小时都有几十颗流星从空中划过。而且前后一个月内，我们在夜晚观星时都有很大概率看到流星。","b":false,"xe":"On August 12, the annual Perseid meteor shower reaches its peak, with dozens of meteors streaking across the sky every hour — and for a month around the peak, you have a good chance of seeing meteors on any clear night."},{"t":"p","x":"今天的教程，托马斯就会分享流星雨的基本拍摄和后期技巧。","b":false,"xe":"In today's tutorial, Thomas shares the basic shooting and post-processing techniques for meteor showers."},{"t":"h","x":"视频教程","xe":"Video Tutorial"},{"t":"bili","bv":"BV1Da4y1J7oK","bpic":"bili-1","bt":"英仙座流星雨就要来啦，如何拍摄和后期流星雨？"},{"t":"p","x":"一年一度的英仙座流星雨（Perseid）又要来了。上面这支视频里，Thomas 分享了流星雨的拍摄与后期全套技巧：什么时间拍、用什么设备什么参数、怎么构图取舍，以及在 PS 里如何把上百张底片中挑出的流星叠加成一场壮观的「流星雨」。这一篇是视频的图文整理版，步骤截图都配好了，先看图建立流程，再到视频里听细节。","xe":"The annual Perseid meteor shower is back. In the video above, Thomas shares the complete workflow for shooting and post-processing meteors: when to shoot, what gear and settings to use, how to compose around trade-offs, and how to stack the meteors picked from hundreds of frames into one spectacular shower in Photoshop. This is the illustrated companion to that video — every step is paired with a screenshot, so you can build the mental model here and catch the details in the video.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v01","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"h","x":"01 时机与器材：避光、上脚架、连拍不断","xe":"01 Timing and Gear: Escape Light, Mount Up, Keep Shooting"},{"t":"p","x":"今年的英仙座流星雨在 8 月 12 日晚达到极大值，每小时有几十颗流星划过；其中 12 日晚 9 点半到 13 日凌晨 2 点半是黄金拍摄时间——此时既没有天光也没有月光干扰（视频 0:23 处）。如果当晚有事、或者所在地方恰好阴天下雨，8 月 9 日到 15 日仍是较好的观测窗口；更宽泛地说，7 月初到 8 月底拍银河星空时都有很高概率遇到流星——Thomas 前几天基本每拍一小时星空，就能在四五张照片里找到流星（视频 1:04 处）。","xe":"This year's Perseids peak on the night of August 12, with tens of meteors per hour; the golden window runs from 9:30 pm on the 12th to 2:30 am on the 13th — no twilight, no moonlight (at 0:23 in the video). If that night is cloudy or booked, August 9-15 is still a good window; more broadly, from early July to late August any Milky-Way shoot has a high chance of catching meteors — Thomas has recently been finding meteors in four or five frames out of every hour of star shooting (at 1:04 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v02","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"器材上，相机和手机都能拍：相机建议搭配 16-35mm 这样的广角镜头，装进更广阔的星空和地景；手机用默认的 1X 主摄即可，超广角和其他变焦档位的底子与算法都弱一些（视频 1:34 处）。无论什么设备都必须上三脚架；相机还要用快门线或机内间隔拍摄功能进行连续拍摄，否则每 30 秒按一次快门，一夜下来手都酸了（视频 1:45 处）。","xe":"Both cameras and phones work: pair the camera with a wide lens like a 16-35mm to take in more sky and foreground; on a phone, stick to the default 1X main camera — ultra-wide and zoomed modules have smaller sensors and weaker algorithms (at 1:34 in the video). Everything must go on a tripod; a camera also needs a cable release or built-in interval timer so it keeps shooting without you pressing the shutter every 30 seconds (at 1:45 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"p","x":"参数的核心思路是「给流星留一档更高的感光度」：先按 M 档手动对焦到星空或远处灯光，普通星空参数 ISO3200、f/2.8、30 秒即可，但流星一两秒就划过天空，30 秒长曝会让它相对于背景星空显得暗淡；改用 ISO6400、f/2.8、15 秒，甚至 ISO12800、f/2.8、10 秒，缩短曝光就能拉开流星与背景的亮度反差（视频 2:28 处）。手机则用专业模式对焦无穷远，ISO3200、曝光 25-30 秒——小底机器曝光太短画质会崩，宁可拉满时长（视频 2:55 处）。","xe":"The core idea is \"give the meteor one extra stop of ISO\": start at M mode with manual focus on the stars or a distant light. Standard star settings of ISO 3200, f/2.8, 30 s work, but a meteor crosses the sky in a second or two, so a 30-second exposure renders it dim against the background; switch to ISO 6400 at 15 s or even ISO 12800 at 10 s — the shorter exposure pulls the meteor's brightness away from the sky (at 2:28 in the video). On a phone, use the pro mode, focus at infinity, ISO 3200 and a 25-30 s exposure — a small sensor collapses at shorter exposures, so favor the full duration (at 2:55 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"h","x":"02 构图取舍与真假流星：先地景，再银河，最后辐射点","xe":"02 Composition and Fake Meteors: Foreground First, Radiant Last"},{"t":"p","x":"英仙座流星雨有一个明显的辐射点（位于英仙座）。远离辐射点的流星出现概率小一些，但一旦出现轨迹又长又漂亮；靠近辐射点概率大，轨迹却短（视频 3:22 处）——这是一道取舍题。Thomas 建议构图时优先考虑地景，其次考虑银河，最后才考虑辐射点：极大值当晚流星非常多，即使对着辐射点的反方向，也能拍到大量流星（视频 3:34 处），所以把地景拍漂亮才是第一位的。","xe":"The Perseids have a clear radiant (in Perseus). Meteors far from the radiant appear less often but streak long and beautiful when they do; near the radiant they are frequent but short (at 3:22 in the video) — a genuine trade-off. Thomas suggests composing for the foreground first, the Milky Way second, and the radiant last: on peak night meteors are so numerous that even the opposite direction delivers plenty (at 3:34 in the video), so a beautiful foreground always comes first.","b":false},{"t":"p","x":"相机要一直连续拍摄，之后才有得挑：有的帧是纯净星空，有的帧恰好一颗流星划过（视频 4:10 处）。注意区分流星和人造卫星——流星的轨迹中间粗、两端细；卫星的痕迹从头到尾一样粗，非常明显。拿不准就翻看整个序列：卫星会在相邻帧里持续移动，流星只在瞬间出现一次、下一颗就在另一个位置了（视频 4:51 处）。","xe":"Keep the camera shooting continuously so there is something to cull later: some frames are clean starfields, others catch a meteor mid-flight (at 4:10 in the video). Learn to separate meteors from satellites — a meteor's trail is bright in the middle and tapers at both ends, while a satellite's trace is uniform along its whole length. When in doubt, flip through the sequence: a satellite marches through adjacent frames, while a meteor appears exactly once and the next one lands somewhere else (at 4:51 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v03","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"h","x":"03 堆栈准备：百里挑一的流星底片","xe":"03 Preparing the Stack: One Meteor in a Hundred Frames"},{"t":"p","x":"后期部分以去年 1 月拍摄的象限仪座流星雨为例。先在 Lightroom 里浏览整晚的连拍，把有流星的照片用色标标出来——一两百张里往往只有十几张入选（视频 5:20 处）。这批练习文件在视频的 B 站、微博评论区或公众号文章里都有下载链接，可以跟着练（视频 5:32 处）。","xe":"The post-processing demo uses last January's Quadrantids. First browse the night's burst in Lightroom and color-label every frame with a meteor — out of one to two hundred shots only a dozen or so make the cut (at 5:20 in the video). The practice files are linked in the Bilibili and Weibo comments and in the WeChat article, so you can follow along (at 5:32 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v04","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"在 PS 里执行「文件-脚本-将文件载入堆栈」，选中这些流星照片、点确定，全部图层就进了一个文档（视频 5:51 处）。接着选一张作为星空底板：标准是背景干净、没有杂乱云层、夜空通透（视频 6:09 处）。","xe":"In Photoshop, run File > Scripts > Load Files into Stack, select the meteor frames and confirm — every photo lands as a layer in one document (at 5:51 in the video). Then choose a base plate for the sky: the criteria are a clean background, no messy clouds, and a transparent night sky (at 6:09 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v05","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"底板也有进阶玩法：可以选蓝调时刻、甚至月光刚起时的照片，地景得到更好的补光，相当于时间合成；也可以用多张星空堆栈降噪得到一张更干净的背景（视频 6:21 与 6:55 处）。底板确定后，就准备把各图层里的流星逐一叠加进来了。","xe":"The base plate can be upgraded: use a blue-hour or just-after-moonrise frame so the foreground gets better light — effectively a time blend — or stack several sky frames for a denoised, cleaner background (at 6:21 and 6:55 in the video). Once the base is set, it is time to bring each meteor down into it.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v06","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"h","x":"04 变亮叠加：对齐、蒙版与流星显形","xe":"04 Lighten Blend: Align, Mask, Reveal"},{"t":"p","x":"把某个流星图层的混合模式改成「变亮」，流星会立刻浮现进底板——因为流星比背景亮，变亮模式只保留更亮的像素（视频 7:16 处）。但由于地球自转，星空一直在旋转，两层星星存在位移，需要按 Ctrl+T 对上层做旋转加拖动，配合方向键微调，让参考星几乎重合——这样才能保证流星落在它真实的星座位置上；如果只追求视觉效果，这一步可以跳过（视频 7:29 处）。","xe":"Set the meteor layer's blend mode to Lighten and the meteor immediately appears in the base — the meteor is brighter than the sky, and Lighten keeps whichever pixel is brighter (at 7:16 in the video). But Earth's rotation means the sky turns between frames, so the stars sit offset: press Ctrl+T, rotate and drag the top layer, nudge with the arrow keys until the reference stars nearly coincide — that keeps every meteor at its true position in the constellation. For a purely visual composite this step is optional (at 7:29 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v07","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"img","f":"v08","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"变亮模式把流星混进来的同时也把别处的星空混了进来，所以要建蒙版收尾：用黑色前景色的画笔沿流星画一条线（按住 Shift 起止点自动连直线）把整颗流星擦掉，然后 Ctrl+I 反向蒙版——就只剩流星显露出来，边缘没擦干净的地方再用黑画笔修整即可（视频 8:24 与 8:53 处）。","xe":"Lighten merges the meteor in — along with the rest of that layer's sky — so finish with a mask: paint along the meteor with a black brush (hold Shift between start and end points for a straight line) to erase the whole streak, then press Ctrl+I to invert the mask — only the meteor remains visible; tidy any rough edges with the same black brush (at 8:24 and 8:53 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v09","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"h","x":"05 曲线修补与成片哲学：一两颗流星也很美","xe":"05 Curves Rescue and a Closing Thought: One Meteor Is Enough"},{"t":"p","x":"有些流星帧是月光或天光亮起来之后拍的，天空整体偏亮、白平衡也变了——直接改变亮模式会把整片亮天也混进底板（视频 9:14 处）。处理逻辑相同：先把流星用蒙版单独抠出，再新建曲线调整层，按住 Alt（Mac 为 Option）点击曲线层与图层之间建立剪贴蒙版，只作用于这一层（视频 10:07 处）。","xe":"Some meteor frames were shot after moonlight or twilight crept up — the whole sky is brighter and the white balance has shifted — and Lighten would blend that bright sky into the base too (at 9:14 in the video). The fix follows the same logic: mask the meteor out, then add a Curves adjustment layer and Alt-click (Option on Mac) between the curve layer and the layer below to clip it, affecting only that layer (at 10:07 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v11","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"曲线上打两个点：一个在流星亮度处保证它不变，另一个把背景星空的亮度压下去——压暗之后，变亮模式就不会再把这片星空混进底板；反过来也可以把流星的亮度往上提，任何一颗觉得不够亮的流星都能这样单独提亮（视频 10:41 处）。以此类推，把所有流星逐层叠加，就能堆出一场壮观的流星雨。","xe":"Drop two points on the curve: pin one at the meteor's brightness to protect it, and pull the background sky's point down — once darkened, Lighten stops blending that sky into the base; the same curve can just as easily lift a meteor that feels too faint. Repeat layer by layer and the individual meteors assemble into one spectacular shower (at 10:41 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v12","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"成片风格也有讲究：对准英仙座辐射点拍摄并叠加，会得到发散状的流星雨；对着其他方向，流星则大体平行、另有秩序感（视频 11:33 处）。而且不必强求十几颗流星的大场面——一张银河、一片好的树林前景、一两颗流星，像视频结尾那样，就已经是非常好看的画面（视频 11:48 处）。","xe":"Style matters too: stack frames aimed at the Perseid radiant and the meteors diverge like a true shower; aim elsewhere and they run roughly parallel, with an orderliness of its own (at 11:33 in the video). And you don't need a dozen meteors for a keeper — one Milky Way, a good forest foreground and one or two meteors, as in the video's closing frames, already make a beautiful picture (at 11:48 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v14","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"quote","x":"1. 8 月 12 日 21:30 至 13 日凌晨 2:30 是英仙座流星雨黄金窗口，8 月 9-15 日仍是好时机，整个 7 月底到 8 月底拍银河都可能撞上流星；2. 相机上脚架连拍，M 档手动对焦，ISO3200 f/2.8 30 秒起步，提一档感光度缩短曝光（ISO6400/15 秒、ISO12800/10 秒）让流星更突出，手机专业模式 ISO3200 曝 25-30 秒；3. 构图先地景、再银河、最后辐射点，流星中间粗两头细、卫星全程等粗，翻序列即可辨真假；4. PS 将文件载入堆栈后用变亮混合模式逐颗叠流星：Ctrl+T 对齐星点、蒙版黑画笔擦流星再 Ctrl+I 反向，亮度不匹配时用 Alt 剪贴蒙版曲线压星空、提流星。","xe":"1. The Perseid golden window is 21:30 Aug 12 to 2:30 am Aug 13, with Aug 9-15 still good — and any Milky-Way night from late July through August can catch meteors; 2. Tripod and continuous shooting, M mode with manual focus, starting at ISO 3200 f/2.8 30 s, then trade exposure for ISO (ISO 6400/15 s, ISO 12800/10 s) to make meteors pop; phones: pro mode, ISO 3200, 25-30 s; 3. Compose foreground first, Milky Way second, radiant last; meteors taper at both ends while satellites stay uniform — the frame sequence settles any doubt; 4. In Photoshop, Load Files into Stack and blend meteors with Lighten: Ctrl+T to align the stars, erase each meteor on a black-brush mask then Ctrl+I, and where brightness mismatches, use an Alt-clipped Curves layer to darken the sky and brighten the meteor."},{"t":"h","x":"练习文件下载：","xe":"Practice Files Download:"},{"t":"p","x":"https://pan.baidu.com/s/1RiygEeh4VQblJ_wApqvB7Q 提取码: 9z4m","b":false,"xe":"https://pan.baidu.com/s/1RiygEeh4VQblJ_wApqvB7Q Access code: 9z4m"},{"t":"h","x":"关键PPT","xe":"Key Slides"},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":1080,"h":608},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":1080,"h":608},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":1080,"h":608},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":1080,"h":608},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":1080,"h":608}],"titleEn":"The Perseid Meteor Shower Is Here: How to Shoot & Process Meteors"}