{"slug":"photo-clarity-transparency","title":"消除雾霾，让照片更通透","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2016-08-07","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247484152&idx=1&sn=7632517a47f4022151fbbc80d321b6f2&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"p","x":"“通透”是摄影中的一个高频词汇。很多照片像是笼罩在雾霾中一样，我们能凭感觉知道他们是不够通透的。但是造成照片不够通透的原因又是什么呢？","b":false,"xe":"\"Clarity\" is a buzzword in photography. Many photos look shrouded in haze, and we can sense they lack clarity — but what actually causes it?"},{"t":"p","x":"这周日的摄影分享，托马斯就将从影调和色调的角度，谈谈照片为什么会不通透。以及有哪些方法可以对症下药，让照片通透起来。","b":false,"xe":"In this Sunday's photography share, Thomas explains from the perspectives of tone and color why photos lack clarity — and how to prescribe the right fix to make them crystal clear."},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":640,"h":425},{"t":"p","x":"造成照片不通透的原因多种多样，例如大气中有烟雾，逆光拍摄，隔着玻璃拍摄等等。但是不通透的照片，他们的表现形式却是一样的。","b":false,"xe":"Many things make a photo unclear: smoke in the air, backlighting, shooting through glass, and so on. Yet unclear photos all present the same way."},{"t":"p","x":"我们说一张照片不够通透，其实有两层意思：一是照片发灰，二是照片发闷。发灰，其实就是指照片的色彩不够纯净，不够饱和，杂色偏色太多。发闷，其实就是说照片的影调太黯淡，表现为主体不够清晰，细节不够丰富，对比度不足等等。","b":false,"xe":"When we say a photo lacks clarity, we really mean two things: it looks gray, and it looks dull. Gray means the colors aren't pure or saturated enough, with too many stray casts. Dull means the tonal range is too murky — an indistinct subject, poor detail, insufficient contrast."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":640,"h":425},{"t":"p","x":"所以要让照片通透起来，我们一是要让其影调更加通明透亮，二是要让其色彩更加纯净饱和。","b":false,"xe":"So to make a photo clear, we need two things: brighter, airier tones, and purer, more saturated colors."},{"t":"h","x":"1. 影调调整让照片不闷","xe":"1. Tonal Adjustments to Cure Dullness"},{"t":"p","x":"一张不闷的照片，一般有以下三个特征：","b":false,"xe":"A photo free of dullness generally has three traits:"},{"t":"p","x":"清晰的主体；丰富的细节；足够的黑白场与对比度。","b":false,"xe":"a crisp subject; rich detail; sufficient black-and-white points and contrast."},{"t":"h","x":"1.1 清晰的主体","xe":"1.1 A Crisp Subject"},{"t":"p","x":"很多朋友一提到通透，就想到给整张照片狂加清晰度和锐度。事实上很多烟雾飘渺、云海蒸腾的片子，我们并不会觉得他们不通透。","b":false,"xe":"When people think of clarity, many instinctively crank up Clarity and Sharpening across the whole image. In fact, we never feel that photos of drifting mist or surging seas of clouds lack clarity."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":640,"h":426},{"t":"p","x":"这是因为每张照片都有一些兴趣中心或者说主体，观者的大部分注意力都是集中在这些兴趣点上的。比如上面一张图片，我们的兴趣点集中在那座巨大的佛塔上。只要佛塔是清晰明显的，背后树林的晨雾缥缈不仅不会让我们觉得照片不够通透，反而会增强照片整体的意境。","b":false,"xe":"That's because every photo has centers of interest — subjects — where viewers focus most of their attention. In the image above, our eyes go to the giant pagoda. As long as the pagoda is crisp, the misty forest behind it doesn't feel unclear at all; it actually enhances the mood."},{"t":"p","x":"下面这张照片也是类似，整个照片有点朦胧不通透。","b":false,"xe":"The photo below is similar — the whole image looks a bit hazy and unclear."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":640,"h":452},{"t":"p","x":"所以我在ACR中将清晰度提高40，锐化数量增加80，可以看到整个图片都更加清楚了。","b":false,"xe":"So in ACR I raised Clarity to +40 and Sharpening Amount to 80 — the whole image is visibly crisper."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":640,"h":344},{"t":"p","x":"不过我们看到这张图片的时候，首先只会关注到热气球，其次看到几座突出的佛塔，很少会仔细去注意前面树木的细节。所以我只需要对我们的兴趣点增加清晰度就够了，这里添加了下图中的蒙板。","b":false,"xe":"But when we look at this image, we first notice the hot-air balloons, then a few prominent pagodas — we rarely study the tree details up front. So I only need to add clarity to the points of interest, using the mask shown below."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":640,"h":452},{"t":"p","x":"最后的结果，照片原来朦胧不清楚的感觉消失了，同时也保留了晨雾的氛围。","b":false,"xe":"The final result: the hazy, unclear feel is gone, while the morning-mist atmosphere remains."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":640,"h":452},{"t":"h","x":"1.2 丰富的细节","xe":"1.2 Rich Detail"},{"t":"p","x":"不通透的片子都是缺少细节的，物体仿佛都笼罩在灰暗或者灰白的雾霾中。比如下面这张图片，远处的冰川上仿佛飘着一层水汽，亮白亮白的毫无细节。","b":false,"xe":"Unclear photos lack detail; objects seem wrapped in dull gray or grayish-white haze. In the image below, the distant glacier looks covered by bright white vapor with zero detail."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":640,"h":424},{"t":"p","x":"所以我在ACR基本面板中直接把高光减去100，阴影加100，找回照片中过曝和欠曝的细节。","b":false,"xe":"So in ACR's Basic panel I pulled Highlights to -100 and Shadows to +100, recovering over- and underexposed detail."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":640,"h":328},{"t":"p","x":"有的时候局部光比过大。比如下面这张高光减去100之后，天空仍然模糊一片。","b":false,"xe":"Sometimes the local contrast range is too wide. In the next image, even with Highlights at -100, the sky is still a blurry wash."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":640,"h":336},{"t":"p","x":"这个时候就需要应用蒙板、径向滤镜、渐变滤镜等等局部调整工具，单独调整局部的曝光度和对比度。这幅图我用渐变滤镜减少了天空的曝光，突出了天空和云层的细节，雾霾感就大大减少了。","b":false,"xe":"That's when local tools come in — masks, Radial Filters, Graduated Filters — to adjust exposure and contrast in specific areas. Here I used a Graduated Filter to reduce the sky's exposure, bringing out sky and cloud detail and greatly reducing the haze."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":640,"h":352},{"t":"p","x":"其他强化细节的工具，还包括Nik Color Efex Pro 4插件中的详细提取、色调对比等滤镜。","b":false,"xe":"Other detail-boosting tools include the Detail Extractor and Tonal Contrast filters in the Nik Color Efex Pro 4 plugin."},{"t":"h","x":"1.3 足够的黑白场与对比度","xe":"1.3 Sufficient Black-and-White Points and Contrast"},{"t":"p","x":"不通透的片子，该白的地方不够白，该黑的地方不够黑，物体之间的反差不够明显。所以照片“闷”的很。","b":false,"xe":"In an unclear photo, what should be white isn't white enough, what should be black isn't black enough, and the separation between objects is weak — so the photo feels dull."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":640,"h":331},{"t":"p","x":"上面这张照片，我在ACR中把对比度提高到＋22，强化物体反差。同时黑色－39，让照片中的阴影部分足够黑，白色＋11，让房子的亮光部分成为纯白。这样照片更加的立体有层次，同时照片反差的加强也强化了色彩的明度，照片更通透了。","b":false,"xe":"For the photo above, I pushed Contrast to +22 in ACR to strengthen separation. Blacks -39 makes the shadows truly black, and Whites +11 makes the bright parts of the houses pure white. The photo gains depth and dimension, and the stronger contrast also intensifies color brightness — more clarity overall."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":640,"h":337},{"t":"p","x":"其他调整对比度和黑白场的常用工具，还有PS中的色阶、曲线，以及Nik Color Efex Pro 4插件中的淡对比度等等。","b":false,"xe":"Other common tools for contrast and black-and-white points include Levels and Curves in PS, and Pro Contrast in Nik Color Efex Pro 4."},{"t":"h","x":"2. 色彩调节让照片不灰","xe":"2. Color Adjustments to Cure Grayness"},{"t":"p","x":"一张不灰的照片，同样有三个主要特征：","b":false,"xe":"A photo free of grayness likewise has three main traits:"},{"t":"p","x":"准确的白平衡；纯净的色彩；足够的饱和度。","b":false,"xe":"accurate white balance; pure colors; sufficient saturation."},{"t":"h","x":"2.1 准确的白平衡","xe":"2.1 Accurate White Balance"},{"t":"p","x":"不准确的白平衡会让照片中所有的物体都偏蓝或者偏黄，仿佛一切都笼罩在蓝雾、黄雾中一般，非常的不通透。","b":false,"xe":"Inaccurate white balance makes everything in a photo lean blue or yellow, as if veiled in blue or yellow fog — the opposite of clarity."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":640,"h":427},{"t":"p","x":"所以消除色彩不通透感的第一步，就是校正照片的白平衡，让物体显示出原来多种多样的色彩。","b":false,"xe":"So the first step in fixing color muddiness is correcting white balance, letting objects show their true, varied colors."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":640,"h":282},{"t":"h","x":"2.2 纯净的色彩","xe":"2.2 Pure Colors"},{"t":"p","x":"色彩的纯度取决于该色中支持色成分和消色成分的比例。很多时候我们觉得色彩发灰，是因为该色中混入了大量的消色成分，导致色彩不纯。为了理解这一部分，我们先得理解物色的三原色：Cyan 青，Magenta 品，Yellow黄。其中青＋黄＝绿，青＋品＝蓝，黄＋品＝红。","b":false,"xe":"A color's purity depends on the ratio of supporting to subtractive components in it. Colors often look gray because they're contaminated by large amounts of subtractive components. To understand this, we first need the three primary pigment colors: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow. Cyan + Yellow = Green; Cyan + Magenta = Blue; Yellow + Magenta = Red."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":429,"h":640},{"t":"p","x":"在上面的这个色环之中，我们把某种颜色相邻的颜色叫做他的相邻色。比如蓝色的相邻色是青和品，红色的相邻色是黄和品。一种颜色的相邻色是它的支持成分，所以我们要增加蓝色，就可以增加它的相邻色青和品。我们要减少红色，就可以减少他的相邻色黄和品。","b":false,"xe":"In the color wheel above, the colors adjacent to a given color are its analogous colors. Blue's analogous colors are cyan and magenta; red's are yellow and magenta. A color's analogous colors are its supporting components — to boost blue, add its analogous cyan and magenta; to reduce red, subtract its analogous yellow and magenta."},{"t":"p","x":"在色环中，某种颜色对面的颜色叫做他的互补色。互补色属于消色成分，比如蓝色的互补色就是黄色。一旦我们增加黄色，原来的蓝色就会减淡发灰。","b":false,"xe":"The color opposite a given color on the wheel is its complementary color. Complementaries are subtractive components — blue's complement is yellow. Add yellow, and the original blue fades toward gray."},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":640,"h":897},{"t":"p","x":"调过上图可以非常明显的看到，蓝色加上25%透明度的黄色，蓝色就有点发灰不纯了。蓝色加上50%透明度的黄色，就更是成了脏脏的灰色。","b":false,"xe":"The image above makes it obvious: add yellow at 25% opacity to blue, and the blue starts looking gray and impure; at 50% opacity, it becomes a dirty gray."},{"t":"p","x":"所以我们要增加天空和水面的蓝色，就要加强他的相邻色青与品，减少他的互补色黄。","b":false,"xe":"So to strengthen the blue of sky and water, boost its analogous cyan and magenta, and reduce its complementary yellow."},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":640,"h":255},{"t":"p","x":"如果我们想让草地的绿色更加纯净，则需要加强绿色的相邻色青与黄，减少它的互补色品。","b":false,"xe":"To make grass green purer, boost green's analogous cyan and yellow, and reduce its complementary magenta."},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":640,"h":255},{"t":"p","x":"下面是一张不通透的天空实例，我在红点处取样天空的蓝色，可以看到颜色CMYK面板中显示蓝天的色彩是68%青＋31%品＋19％黄。","b":false,"xe":"Below is a real example of a muddy sky. I sampled the sky's blue at the red dot, and the CMYK panel shows 68% cyan + 31% magenta + 19% yellow."},{"t":"p","x":"因为青＋品＋黄＝灰黑色，青＋品＝蓝色。","b":false,"xe":"Since cyan + magenta + yellow = gray-black, and cyan + magenta = blue,"},{"t":"p","x":"所以68%青＋31%品＋19％黄＝19%（青＋品＋黄）＋12％品＋49%青＝19%（青＋品＋黄）＋12%（品＋青）＋37%青＝19%灰＋12%蓝＋37%青。","b":false,"xe":"68% cyan + 31% magenta + 19% yellow = 19% (cyan+magenta+yellow) + 12% magenta + 49% cyan = 19% gray + 12% blue + 37% cyan."},{"t":"p","x":"可以看到天空本来该有的纯净青蓝色中，混入了19%的灰色，当然就显得不纯净不通透了。","b":false,"xe":"The sky's intended pure cyan-blue is contaminated with 19% gray — no wonder it looks muddy."},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":640,"h":483},{"t":"p","x":"因此需要用可选颜色工具，选择天空中的蓝色，加相邻色：青、品（洋红），减互补色黄色。","b":false,"xe":"So use the Selective Color tool: select the sky's blues, add the analogous cyan and magenta, and subtract the complementary yellow."},{"t":"img","f":"img-22","w":640,"h":379},{"t":"p","x":"之后的天空，可以看到CMYK数值中的Y（黄色）降到了0%，没有黄色干扰的天空恢复了通透的青蓝色。","b":false,"xe":"In the resulting sky, the Y (yellow) value in CMYK drops to 0% — free of yellow interference, the sky regains its clear cyan-blue."},{"t":"img","f":"img-23","w":640,"h":482},{"t":"p","x":"关于纯净的色彩这部分，最后强烈推荐大家看看李涛老师的视频《如何通过控制原色让你的照片变的通透》，相信一定会对此有更加直观深入的理解。（ http://www.zcool.com.cn/article/ZMTQyMTEy.html ）","b":false,"xe":"On pure color, I strongly recommend teacher Li Tao's video \"How Controlling Primary Colors Makes Your Photos Clear\" — it will give you a much more intuitive, in-depth understanding. ( http://www.zcool.com.cn/article/ZMTQyMTEy.html )"},{"t":"h","x":"2.3 足够的饱和度","xe":"2.3 Sufficient Saturation"},{"t":"p","x":"整体颜色的饱和度越高，越有一种物体被照的清清楚楚的感觉，所以也是可以增加通透感、减少雾霾感的。","b":false,"xe":"The higher the overall saturation, the more everything looks crisply illuminated — which increases the sense of clarity and reduces the haze."},{"t":"p","x":"增加饱和度，一般就使用ACR中或者调整图层中的“自然饱和度｜饱和度”调整工具啦。","b":false,"xe":"To add saturation, simply use the \"Vibrance | Saturation\" adjustment in ACR or an adjustment layer."},{"t":"img","f":"img-24","w":900,"h":598},{"t":"h","x":"实战练习（原片下载）","xe":"Hands-On Practice (raw file download)"},{"t":"p","x":"纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。看了这么多理论和工具，不实战应用一把怎么行？","b":false,"xe":"Reading about it is never enough — you have to do it. After all this theory and tooling, how could we not put it into practice?"},{"t":"p","x":"这里托马斯就提供一张超级不通透的原片。因为隔着很脏还偏红的登山缆车玻璃拍摄，所以整个新天鹅堡周边好像都笼罩在红色雾霾中一样。主体不清晰、细节朦胧、对比度低、色偏、杂色混合、饱和度不足。。。所有不通透的原因这张照片中都有，简直是绝佳的例子！","b":false,"xe":"Here's an extremely unclear raw file from Thomas. Shot through the dirty, reddish glass of a mountain cable car, the whole Neuschwanstein area looks wrapped in red haze: indistinct subject, hazy detail, low contrast, color casts, mixed stray colors, insufficient saturation... Every cause of muddiness in one photo — a perfect example!"},{"t":"img","f":"img-25","w":640,"h":425},{"t":"p","x":"因为篇幅所限，Thomas将会在下周讲解我自己对这张照片的完整“去灰去闷”流程。这里先提供给大家自己下载练习啦。","b":false,"xe":"Space is limited, so Thomas will walk through my complete \"de-gray, de-dull\" workflow for this photo next week. For now, download it and practice yourself."},{"t":"p","x":"https://pan.baidu.com/s/1csUZQu","b":false,"xe":"https://pan.baidu.com/s/1csUZQu"},{"t":"p","x":"练习成果，欢迎大家发到我的公众号（ thomaskksj ）后台，或者在微博 @Thomas看看世界 ，与Thomas分享交流 。","b":false,"xe":"You're welcome to send your results to my WeChat account (thomaskksj), or share them with Thomas on Weibo @Thomas Chu Photo."},{"t":"h","x":"本周总结","xe":"Weekly Summary"},{"t":"p","x":"不够通透的照片，一是发灰，二是发闷。发灰指的是颜色，具体体现在白平衡不准、色彩不纯、饱和度不足。发闷指的是影调，具体体现在主体不清晰、细节不丰富、对比度不足。","b":false,"xe":"An unclear photo is either gray or dull. Gray is about color: inaccurate white balance, impure colors, insufficient saturation. Dull is about tone: an indistinct subject, poor detail, insufficient contrast."},{"t":"p","x":"怎样一步步去除练习样片中的雾霾感，让照片通透起来，敬请期待托马斯下周的摄影分享吧。","b":false,"xe":"How to remove the haze from the practice file step by step? Stay tuned for Thomas's photography share next week."},{"t":"h","x":"我是@Thomas看看世界，每个周日晚上，分享一篇原创摄影干货。","xe":"I'm @Thomas Chu Photo — an original photography tutorial every Sunday evening."}],"titleEn":"Remove Haze for Clearer, More Transparent Photos"}