{"slug":"portrait-next-level","title":"突破瓶颈：人像摄影该如何更进一步","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2019-01-01","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247488089&idx=2&sn=0e4f5b0aadca867f5b70366a34ba39a6&chksm=eb81ec3ddcf6652b10b839a39ad1ed2faeb3cb30289839763e0a1de8234778533b019e04da8f&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"前言：如何选择题材？如何找模特？如何经营？如何与众不同？这篇文章将试着从根源上解决问题。","b":false,"xe":"Preface: How do you choose a subject? How do you find models? How do you run the business? How do you stand out? This article tries to solve these problems at their roots."},{"t":"p","x":"目录：","b":false,"xe":"Contents:"},{"t":"p","x":"1. 迷茫的根源？","b":false,"xe":"1. The root of confusion?"},{"t":"p","x":"2. 如何寻找出路？","b":false,"xe":"2. How to find a way out?"},{"t":"p","x":"3. 关键问题如何解决？","b":false,"xe":"3. How to solve the key problems?"},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":1080,"h":720},{"t":"p","x":"绝大多数人在学习摄影的过程中都充满了困惑。但是有人早已为这些困惑准备好了答案。","b":false,"xe":"The vast majority of people are full of confusion while learning photography. But someone has long since prepared answers to these confusions."},{"t":"p","x":"我们可以轻易在各大论坛、网站首页以及个人博客找到大量技术教程，如果细心搜索或者利用好谷歌也可以找到不少摄影理论教学。","b":false,"xe":"We can easily find massive technical tutorials on major forums, website homepages, and personal blogs, and careful searching — or making good use of Google — turns up quite a bit of photography theory as well."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":1080,"h":607},{"t":"p","x":"之前统计的常见疑惑","b":false,"xe":"Common confusions from an earlier survey"},{"t":"p","x":"但是这些似乎不能完全解决问题，我们依旧不知道该如何找灵感，怎么选题，看不懂好作品也拍不出满意的作品。","b":false,"xe":"Yet these don't seem to fully solve the problem. We still don't know how to find inspiration or pick subjects; we can't read great work and can't shoot work we're satisfied with."},{"t":"p","x":"除了摄影本身难以进步，我们在约片上都障碍重重，无法将技术变成收入，甚至而且在受到外人批评的时候都不知该如何改进。","b":false,"xe":"Beyond photography itself refusing to improve, we hit walls even in booking shoots, can't turn skill into income, and don't even know how to improve when outsiders criticize us."},{"t":"p","x":"此时我们很容易自我怀疑，觉得自己是不是看片不够？练习不够？亦或是天生驽钝？","b":false,"xe":"At times like this we easily doubt ourselves: have I not studied enough photos? Not practiced enough? Or am I just naturally dull?"},{"t":"p","x":"或许有时候我们并不是不够努力，不是经验不足，而是思路不对，倘若转换一下思考方式，一些瓶颈就自然迎刃而解了。","b":false,"xe":"Perhaps sometimes the problem isn't a lack of effort or experience, but the wrong way of thinking. Change the way you think, and certain bottlenecks resolve themselves."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":871,"h":1280},{"t":"p","x":"（所谓思考，不仅仅是要转换思维方式，还要让新的思维方式成体系，合理地取代早已固化的态度）","b":false,"xe":"(So-called thinking means not only switching your mindset, but also forming the new mindset into a system that rationally replaces long-ossified attitudes.)"},{"t":"h","x":"1. 迷茫的根源：","xe":"1. The Root of Confusion:"},{"t":"p","x":"如果我们像努力备考的高中生一样去学摄影，那么失败是注定的，成为出色的工匠或许只是最好的结局。","b":false,"xe":"If we study photography like a high schooler cramming for exams, failure is guaranteed — becoming a decent craftsman may be the best possible outcome."},{"t":"p","x":"对于每一个像我一样都经历过十几年应试教育的人来说，好像除了做试卷，也不会别的东西了。","b":false,"xe":"For everyone like me who went through a dozen years of test-oriented education, it seems we know nothing besides taking exams."},{"t":"p","x":"摄影是一个需要创造力的领域，我们找不到试卷，更找不到固定的答案，所以感到迷茫也是自然而然。","b":false,"xe":"Photography is a field that requires creativity. We can't find the exam paper, let alone fixed answers — so feeling lost is perfectly natural."},{"t":"p","x":"于是有的人试图给自己做一张试卷，把相机参数，灯光指数以及各种布光角度作为考题，把自然万物作为考卷，然后把自己变成一本器材使用说明书，结果是你不迷茫了，但你也变成了大家口中的老法师。你最擅长的考试，毁了你的爱好。","b":false,"xe":"So some people try to write themselves an exam paper: camera parameters, flash power, and lighting angles become the test questions, all of nature becomes the answer sheet, and they turn themselves into a gear instruction manual. The result: you're no longer confused, but you've become the stereotypical gear-head old master. The exam you're best at destroyed your hobby."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":720,"h":460},{"t":"h","x":"2. 如何寻找出路？","xe":"2. How to Find a Way Out?"},{"t":"p","x":"我们不是找不到该学的东西，而是不知道该怎么学，更不知道该怎么把这些知识运用到创作上。所以写这篇文章真的是一件很困难的事。我得向你介绍一套可能你完全不会相信的方法。因为这套方法里没有标准答案。","b":false,"xe":"It's not that we can't find what to learn — it's that we don't know how to learn it, let alone how to apply that knowledge to creation. So writing this article is truly difficult: I have to introduce a method you may not believe at all, because this method contains no standard answers."},{"t":"p","x":"所以我会尽量把大家的疑惑作为案例来引出思路。","b":false,"xe":"So I'll use everyone's confusions as cases to draw out the thinking."},{"t":"h","x":"2.1 换一个思考方式","xe":"2.1 Change the Way You Think"},{"t":"p","x":"有的人找不到独特的拍摄主题，就会单纯地从“独特的主题”入手，去思考解决方案。如果你刻意去寻找“与众不同”，很有可能拍出这样的照片。","b":false,"xe":"When people can't find a unique subject to shoot, they start from \"unique subject\" itself and think about solutions there. If you deliberately chase \"being different\", you'll likely produce photos like this one."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":640,"h":453},{"t":"p","x":"（作者：郭远亮）","b":false,"xe":"(Author: Guo Yuanliang)"},{"t":"p","x":"当然你也可能会获新锐奖。","b":false,"xe":"Of course, you might also win an emerging-artist award."},{"t":"p","x":"但是你也可以换一个思考问题的方式。不要去钻“独特”这个牛角尖。用不着找奇怪的模特，摆奇怪的动作，用奇怪的调色，刻意去讲奇怪的故事。而是想想如何拍摄有“趣味”的“普通”。","b":false,"xe":"But you can also change the way you approach the problem. Don't drill into the dead end of \"uniqueness\". No need to find strange models, strike strange poses, use strange grading, or deliberately tell strange stories. Instead, think about how to shoot the \"ordinary\" with \"interest\"."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":1080,"h":724},{"t":"p","x":"（作者：Naufal）","b":false,"xe":"(Author: Naufal)"},{"t":"p","x":"上图是一直普通的眼睛，但是这张照片为何能国际获奖呢？仔细看看眼球上的倒影，它比一般的眼睛多了一点故事，也就是这一点点附加的“趣味”让照片价值大增。","b":false,"xe":"The image above is an ordinary eye — so why did it win an international award? Look closely at the reflection in the eyeball: it carries a little more story than an average eye, and that little bit of added \"interest\" greatly increases the photo's value."},{"t":"p","x":"我们不仅仅在创作上可以换一下思考方式。在经营摄影生涯的时候也可以如此。","b":false,"xe":"We can change our thinking not only in creating, but also in running a photography career."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":1080,"h":545},{"t":"p","x":"倘若你苦于找不到思想上合拍的模特，那么请别急着去找新的模特来跟自己合拍，想一想以下三个问题：","b":false,"xe":"If you're frustrated that you can't find models who click with your ideas, don't rush to find new models who match you. First think about these three questions:"},{"t":"p","x":"·是不是你的想法太离谱？","b":false,"xe":"·Are your ideas too outlandish?"},{"t":"p","x":"·是不是你的技术不够具有说服力？","b":false,"xe":"·Is your technique not convincing enough?"},{"t":"p","x":"·是不是你对模特期望太高？","b":false,"xe":"·Are your expectations of models too high?"},{"t":"p","x":"当你觉得自己脱离了钻牛角尖的局面，就可以试着来做下一步的计划了。","b":false,"xe":"Once you feel you've escaped the dead end, you can try planning the next step."},{"t":"h","x":"2.2 针对自己的疑惑，定一个长期目标","xe":"2.2 Set a Long-Term Goal Aimed at Your Confusion"},{"t":"p","x":"说到长期目标，可能你首先想到的是“我要成为大艺术家”这一类的空话，这些空话都是你平庸的启蒙老师灌输到你脑子里去的。所以请先忘掉它们。","b":false,"xe":"Speaking of long-term goals, the first things that come to mind are probably empty slogans like \"I want to become a great artist\" — empty words drilled into your head by your mediocre early teachers. So please forget them first."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":376,"h":251},{"t":"p","x":"我们可以做的更务实一点。举一个热门的例子，在此前的调查中，许多人都问到了“该如何找模特资源”，此时我们可以给自己定一个目标：","b":false,"xe":"We can be more pragmatic. Here's a popular example: in the earlier survey, many people asked \"how do I find model resources?\" We can set ourselves a goal:"},{"t":"p","x":"“一年后，我需要获得4位能够长期合作创作的高质量模特。”","b":false,"xe":"\"One year from now, I need four high-quality models who can collaborate with me long-term.\""},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":936,"h":600},{"t":"p","x":"目标：获得4位高质量模特","b":false,"xe":"Goal: acquire four high-quality models"},{"t":"p","x":"这是一个非常可行也是够用的目标。接下来就要思考如何去实现了。可能我们无法立刻知道如何开始第一步，但我们可以想明白实现这个目标所需要的东西：","b":false,"xe":"This is a very feasible and sufficient goal. Next comes thinking about how to achieve it. We may not immediately know how to take the first step, but we can figure out what achieving this goal requires:"},{"t":"p","x":"· 令人信服的摄影技术","b":false,"xe":"· Convincing photography skills"},{"t":"p","x":"· 和高质量模特的第一次合作机会","b":false,"xe":"· A first collaboration opportunity with high-quality models"},{"t":"p","x":"· 恰到好处的为人方式","b":false,"xe":"· Just the right way of dealing with people"},{"t":"p","x":"那么我们就把一个大目标变成了三个小目标，倘若一个个实现了，那么大目标也能按时完成。","b":false,"xe":"Now one big goal has become three small goals; achieve them one by one, and the big goal completes on schedule."},{"t":"h","x":"2.3 针对短期目标，制定方案","xe":"2.3 Make Plans for the Short-Term Goals"},{"t":"p","x":"首先就会遇到一个棘手的问题：没有模特，我怎么获得练习机会，逐渐掌握令人信服的技术呢？此时为了获得“练习机会”你需要放低要求，从亲戚朋友拍起，从花花草草锅碗瓢盆拍起。","b":false,"xe":"The first thorny problem: with no models, how do I get practice opportunities and gradually master convincing technique? To get \"practice opportunities\" you need to lower your standards — start with relatives and friends, start with flowers, grass, pots and pans."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":800,"h":533},{"t":"p","x":"（笔者早年也是从花花草草拍起的）","b":false,"xe":"(In my early days, the author also started from flowers and grass.)"},{"t":"p","x":"然后逐渐将自己的作品扩散到各个身边的圈子，让同学、同事知道你会拍照，还拍的不错。这样一段时间之后，你的模特范围就会稍微扩展，甚至有可能找到几位喜欢让你拍的朋友。接下来你可以做两个选择：","b":false,"xe":"Then gradually spread your work through the circles around you, letting classmates and colleagues know you can shoot — and shoot well. After some time, your pool of models expands a bit, and you may even find a few friends who love being shot by you. Then you have two choices:"},{"t":"p","x":"A: 当你积累了一定数量的作品（并且在小圈子里获得了认可）就可以开始宣传自己，互免拍照。此时就需要经历一个疯狂的免费接单期。什么人都拍，什么单都接，二次元三次元四五六次元的约片来者不拒。辛苦一段时间之后，自然会接触到几个合作愉快的模特。","b":false,"xe":"A: Once you've built a body of work (and gained recognition in your small circles), you can start promoting yourself and doing TFP shoots. This means going through a period of crazy free bookings: shoot anyone, take every job, accept commissions from the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth dimensions alike. After a hard stretch, you'll naturally meet a few models you enjoy working with."},{"t":"p","x":"B: 不愿慢慢积累的可以报名线下摄影班，直接在可控的环境下批量出作品。一个好师傅可以开着直升机带你“一步登天”，但是如果想找到与自己合拍的模特，还是跳不过大量接片、来者不拒这个步骤。","b":false,"xe":"B: If you don't want to accumulate slowly, you can sign up for an offline photography class and produce works in batches in a controlled environment. A good mentor can fly you to the top by helicopter — but if you want to find models who truly click with you, you still can't skip the step of mass bookings and accepting everyone."},{"t":"p","x":"经过上面步骤（大概6-12个月）你的接单生涯就应该能够步入正轨了，有稳定的客户群体和少量创作模特，经过大量练习，也获得了稳定的拍摄输出。","b":false,"xe":"After the steps above (roughly 6-12 months), your booking career should be on track: a stable client base and a few creative models, plus steady shooting output built on massive practice."},{"t":"p","x":"来者不拒的接单方式让你接触到形形色色的客户，学会了为了实现目标而忍耐迁就，也学会了在合适的时候说“不”。","b":false,"xe":"The take-everything booking approach exposes you to all kinds of clients, teaches you to endure and compromise for a goal, and also teaches you to say \"no\" at the right moment."},{"t":"p","x":"如此一来，你在逐渐实现三个短期目标的时候，也就实现了你的长期目标，而且还会发现实际上一开始的长期目标太幼稚了，因为现在的你有了更高的追求。","b":false,"xe":"In this way, as you gradually achieve the three short-term goals, you also achieve your long-term goal — and you'll find the original long-term goal was actually naive, because the person you are now has higher pursuits."},{"t":"h","x":"2.4 做一次头脑风暴","xe":"2.4 Do a Brainstorm"},{"t":"p","x":"其实有疑惑的朋友都是有目标的，可能你还没花时间想清楚自己潜意识里的追求到底是什么。真正没有目标的人大多是自满的，他们也不会有疑惑。","b":false,"xe":"In fact, friends who have confusions do have goals — you just haven't spent time figuring out what your subconscious pursuit really is. People who truly have no goals are mostly complacent, and they don't have confusions either."},{"t":"p","x":"应对疑惑的方法都是一样：用合适的方法去寻找解决办法。","b":false,"xe":"The method for dealing with confusion is always the same: find a solution in a suitable way."},{"t":"p","x":"这时候做一次头脑风暴就显得很重要了。","b":false,"xe":"That's when doing a brainstorm becomes important."},{"t":"p","x":"譬如说，上次调查里面最普遍的问题就是“不知道该拍什么”“不知道从什么题材开始拍”“如何找到个人风格”等等，这些都可以归纳为“目标迷茫”类。不过我刚才也说了，你不是真的没目标，而是没有把自己问明白。","b":false,"xe":"For example, the most common questions in the last survey were \"I don't know what to shoot\", \"I don't know which subject to start with\", \"how do I find a personal style\" — all of which can be classified as \"goal confusion\". But as I said, you're not truly goal-less; you just haven't asked yourself clearly."},{"t":"p","x":"这种跟自身经历息息相关的问题，你去问别人也得不到答案，我们不妨来试一试如何向自己寻找解决办法：","b":false,"xe":"Questions so tied to your own experience can't be answered by others. Let's try finding solutions from ourselves:"},{"t":"p","x":"首先来破题。“我该拍什么？”这个问题有两层含义：1. 我现在该拍什么？2. 我技术厉害了以后该拍什么？","b":false,"xe":"First, unpack the question. \"What should I shoot?\" has two layers: 1. What should I shoot right now? 2. What should I shoot once my skills are strong?"},{"t":"p","x":"现在需要拍的内容由今后的目标决定，那么我们先来试着解决第二个问题。","b":false,"xe":"What you need to shoot now is decided by your future goals, so let's first try to solve the second question."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":922,"h":280},{"t":"p","x":"如此一来，一个大问题又变成了两个小问题。找到了自己喜欢的方向（动机），以及对自己有意义的方向（奖励），也就获得了摄影的动机和奖励。这样才能坚持把摄影做下去。","b":false,"xe":"In this way, one big question becomes two small questions. Find the direction you love (the motivation), and the direction that is meaningful to you (the reward), and you've obtained both the motive and the reward for photography — that's how you keep at it."},{"t":"p","x":"接下来就从上述两个要点去寻找解决办法：","b":false,"xe":"Next, seek solutions from the two points above:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":919,"h":918},{"t":"p","x":"另一个问题“拍什么对我有意义”就是这个教程的一个作业了，请大家用上述方法来思考一下，如何在摄影中给你找到合适的“奖励”（精神上或者物质上的）。","b":true,"xe":"The other question — \"what is meaningful for me to shoot\" — is this tutorial's homework. Please use the method above to think about how to find the right \"reward\" (spiritual or material) for yourself in photography."},{"t":"h","x":"3. 关键问题如何解决？","xe":"3. How to Solve the Key Problems?"},{"t":"p","x":"掌握了上面的思路和方法，我们就可以试着解决一下常见的瓶颈了。我们以技术类疑惑最常见的问题来分析","b":false,"xe":"With the thinking and methods above, we can try to crack the common bottlenecks. Let's analyze the most common technical confusion:"},{"t":"p","x":"“脑子里面的构图场景永远拍不出来该怎么办？”","b":false,"xe":"\"What do I do when the compositions in my head can never be captured?\""},{"t":"p","x":"此时你需要把这个问题分解一下：是技术不够实现脑子里的画面，还是现实条件不足以达到效果？","b":false,"xe":"First, break the question down: is your technique insufficient to realize the picture in your head, or are real-world conditions insufficient for the effect?"},{"t":"p","x":"如果技术不够，那么你可以选择花一段时间努力提升相关技术，也可以适度降低“脑子里画面”的标准，力求达到一定效果而不是全部效果。如果是现实条件不够，那么可以考虑寻找新的场景，自己搭建场景或者适度降低画面标准。总之，在努力和妥协中找到一个平衡点，这样即使你不能拍出和脑海里一样的画面，也可以拍出另一种高质量的作品。","b":false,"xe":"If technique falls short, you can spend a period deliberately improving it — or moderately lower the standard of the \"picture in your head\", aiming for part of the effect rather than all of it. If real-world conditions fall short, consider finding a new scene, building one yourself, or moderately lowering the standard. In short, find a balance between effort and compromise — that way, even if you can't capture the exact picture in your mind, you can still produce another kind of high-quality work."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":1080,"h":1080},{"t":"p","x":"譬如这张作品，原本脑海里的画面背景并不是树林，而是星空。但是在尝试过后发现以当时的技术，星空和前景难以融合，真实感不够，于是在不改变主题的前提下，把背景换成了纵深感更强也更好把控的树林，最终效果也比较理想。","b":false,"xe":"Take this piece: the background in my mind was originally a starry sky, not a forest. But after trying, I found that with my technique at the time, the sky and foreground couldn't blend convincingly. So without changing the theme, I swapped the background for a forest with stronger depth and easier control — and the final result turned out quite well."},{"t":"h","x":"总结","xe":"Summary"},{"t":"p","x":"或许要把每个提问都回答一遍，需要写成一本书才够用。但是在看过大家的疑问之后，我更大的感触是，我们不缺学习技术的途径，而是了解自己，挖掘潜能的思路。","b":false,"xe":"Answering every single question might take a whole book. But after reading everyone's confusions, my bigger takeaway is this: what we lack is not access to technique, but the thinking to understand ourselves and dig out our potential."},{"t":"p","x":"不管你处于哪个阶段，新人也好，小有名气也好，在遇到困惑的时候不妨先问自己：","b":false,"xe":"Whatever stage you're at — beginner or somewhat famous — when you hit confusion, ask yourself first:"},{"t":"p","x":"1. 我在这个困惑上的最终目标是什么？","b":false,"xe":"1. What is my ultimate goal regarding this confusion?"},{"t":"p","x":"2. 为了实现最终目标需要哪些短期目标做铺垫？","b":false,"xe":"2. What short-term goals are needed to pave the way to that ultimate goal?"},{"t":"p","x":"3. 实现每个短期目标需要做怎样的工作？","b":false,"xe":"3. What work does achieving each short-term goal require?"},{"t":"p","x":"我相信，如果你用头脑风暴的方法把这些问题想明白之后，自然会看到解决方法。或许绝大多数方法都会指向同一条道路，那就是在有效的思路上“花更多时间”“投入更多精力”。","b":false,"xe":"I believe that once you think these questions through with brainstorming, you'll naturally see the solution. Perhaps most solutions point to the same road: \"spend more time\" and \"invest more energy\" on effective lines of thought."},{"t":"p","x":"如果你觉得自己做不到的话，那就别把目标想的太美好了，也不用看这篇教程了。","b":false,"xe":"If you feel you can't do that, then don't paint your goals too beautifully — and you needn't read this tutorial either."},{"t":"p","x":"毕竟有很多人并不是真的不知道该怎么做，而是好高骛远却不脚踏实地罢了。","b":false,"xe":"After all, many people don't truly not know what to do — they just reach for the sky without keeping their feet on the ground."},{"t":"p","x":"所以接下来该做怎样的选择呢？","b":false,"xe":"So what choice will you make next?"},{"t":"p","x":"我很期待。","b":false,"xe":"I'm looking forward to it."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":1080,"h":1308}],"titleEn":"Breaking Through: Taking Your Portrait Photography to the Next Level"}