{"slug":"post-most-ignored-step","title":"摄影后期最重要的一步，90%的爱好者都忽略了！","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2019-03-24","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247488599&idx=1&sn=c3a2ec5679db79d713d7a8ca58218d59&chksm=eb81ea33dcf663257da07ffecfce6ad7c989472d8bd74e791c06bb578be8297f214dd04647ee&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"摄影后期最重要的一步是什么？调色？合成？皮肤处理？其实都不是。","b":false,"xe":"What is the most important step in photo post-processing? Color grading? Compositing? Skin retouching? Actually, none of them."},{"t":"p","x":"对于摄影爱好者而言，常常有一个不好的习惯：拿到一张原图就开始各种后期尝试，这个滑块拉动一下，那个地方液化一下，完全是凭感觉和运气在修图。","b":false,"xe":"Photography enthusiasts often have a bad habit: the moment they get a raw file, they start trying all kinds of edits — dragging this slider, liquifying that spot — editing purely by feel and luck."},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":1080,"h":720},{"t":"p","x":"殊不知我们忽略了摄影后期最重要的一步，就是在后期一开始，对照片整体的分析和思路的确立。","b":false,"xe":"What they overlook is the most important step of post-processing: at the very beginning, analyzing the photo as a whole and establishing a clear idea."},{"t":"p","x":"我们拿到一张原片（甚至在照片拍摄之前），应该先仔细观察和分析照片，以确立照片的整体形式，分析照片的兴趣点，和考虑后期的大致思路，然后再用各种后期技术和工具进行处理。","b":false,"xe":"When we get a raw file (or even before pressing the shutter), we should first carefully observe and analyze the photo — establish its overall form, identify its points of interest, and consider the general direction of post-processing — and only then start working with all the tools and techniques."},{"t":"h","x":"1","xe":"1"},{"t":"h","x":"确立照片的整体形式","xe":"Establish the Photo's Overall Form"},{"t":"p","x":"同样的一张照片，根据表达方向的不同，后期可以调成不同的影调、色彩和风格，这些都是需要我们一开始就大致确定的。","b":false,"xe":"The same photo can be graded into different tonalities, colors and styles depending on the direction of expression — all of which should be roughly decided at the start."},{"t":"p","x":"甚至关于后期的尺度，其实也和我们的目的有关，更偏记录的照片，那么后期需要更接近真实，更偏表达的照片，那么后期可以有更多的操作空间。","b":false,"xe":"Even the degree of post-processing depends on our purpose: photos leaning toward documentation need to stay closer to reality, while photos leaning toward expression allow more room for manipulation."},{"t":"p","x":"相似前期构图的照片，如果表达的主题不同，那么后期思路可能大不相同。","b":false,"xe":"For photos with similar compositions, different intended themes may lead to completely different post-processing ideas."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":668,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"上面这张原图拍摄于格陵兰岛，一个比较平静的清晨，没有特别壮阔的风景，我主要是想表达人的一种孤独感。因此后期主要基调定为如下：","b":false,"xe":"The raw file above was shot in Greenland on a rather calm morning, without any particularly grand scenery. What I mainly wanted to express was a sense of human solitude. So the overall post-processing tone was set as follows:"},{"t":"p","x":"整体影调需要是暗调，这样会比较压抑。对比度不需要很高，烘托环境的平静感。","b":false,"xe":"The overall tonality needs to be dark, which feels more oppressive. Contrast should not be high, to underscore the calmness of the environment."},{"t":"p","x":"色彩饱和度不能太高，否则情绪过于热烈。色相上应该更偏冷，带来宁静感。","b":false,"xe":"Color saturation must not be too high, or the mood becomes too heated. The hues should lean cooler to bring a sense of tranquility."},{"t":"p","x":"画面中除了人和山头外，其他地方细节不能过多，特别是比较抢眼的细节。所以天空虽然已经是光板天，但依稀可见的几朵云，还需要进一步的模糊和抹除，水面过多的细节也要减去。","b":false,"xe":"Apart from the person and the hilltop, other areas must not carry too much detail, especially eye-catching detail. So although the sky was already cloudless, the few faint clouds needed further blurring and removal, and the excessive detail on the water had to be reduced."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":1080,"h":1442},{"t":"p","x":"有了整体的思路和方向，后期才能达到一个比较统一的情绪，不至于上面是一个震撼热烈的红山头，下面是一个宁静冷清的水面，后期调整互相冲突。","b":false,"xe":"Only with an overall idea and direction can post-processing achieve a unified emotion — avoiding a shocking, fiery red mountain top above a quiet, cold water surface, with adjustments conflicting with each other."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":1000,"h":668},{"t":"p","x":"上面这张照片也是拍摄于格陵兰岛，同样是一个人站（坐）在石头上。","b":false,"xe":"The photo above was also taken in Greenland, again with a person standing (sitting) on a rock."},{"t":"p","x":"但是由于我的表达主题不同，这张照片我更希望把他和希望、辉煌一类的词语联系起来，因此后期的思路也完全不同：","b":false,"xe":"But because my theme was different, I wanted this photo to be associated with words like hope and glory, so the post-processing idea was entirely different:"},{"t":"p","x":"影调不能太暗，对比度要比较充分，给人希望的力量。","b":false,"xe":"The tonality must not be too dark, and the contrast should be full, giving people the strength of hope."},{"t":"p","x":"色彩需要偏暖，高饱和，这样才比较灿烂热烈。","b":false,"xe":"The colors need to be warm and highly saturated, so that the photo feels brilliant and passionate."},{"t":"p","x":"画面细节不能太平淡，要有前方是星辰大海的感觉，因此决定在天空后期添加一些云彩。","b":false,"xe":"The picture detail cannot be too plain — it should feel like stars and seas lie ahead — so I decided to add some clouds to the sky in post."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":1080,"h":713},{"t":"p","x":"我在《风光摄影后期基础》一书中提到过，技术服务于形式，形式服务于内容。","b":false,"xe":"I mentioned in my book 'The Fundamentals of Landscape Photography Post-Processing' that technique serves form, and form serves content."},{"t":"p","x":"因此我们在后期处理时，首先需要确定的就是内容和方向，到底是雄伟的风景，还是宁静的氛围，还是内心的映射？","b":false,"xe":"So in post-processing, the first thing to determine is the content and direction: is it a majestic landscape, a tranquil mood, or a reflection of the inner self?"},{"t":"p","x":"表达方向决定后，才能确定形式上的基调，到底是冷一点暗一点，还是暖一点亮一点。","b":false,"xe":"Only after the direction of expression is set can we decide the tonal form — cooler and darker, or warmer and brighter."},{"t":"p","x":"而具体要用哪种调色工具和后期技术，则是后面具体执行时的细节了。","b":false,"xe":"As for which grading tool or technique to use, those are execution details that come later."},{"t":"p","x":"我们在制作组图时，更需要从一开始，就确认和统一好组图的形式。","b":false,"xe":"When producing a photo series, it is even more important to confirm and unify the form of the whole set from the very beginning."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":1080,"h":865},{"t":"p","x":"比如上面一组原图，是我在暴风雪期间抓拍的格陵兰小镇街景，原片中有比较亮的，也有比较暗的，有偏中性色的，也有偏冷调的。","b":false,"xe":"For example, the set of raw files above shows street scenes of a Greenlandic town I captured during a snowstorm — some brighter, some darker, some neutral in color, some cooler."},{"t":"p","x":"如果我要把他们整理成组图的形式发表的话，就需要在组图整体的角度，在一开始对他们的色彩影调进行统一，不能这张是明亮欢快的，下一张又是低调压抑的。","b":false,"xe":"If I want to publish them as a series, I need to unify their color and tonality from the perspective of the whole set from the start — one photo cannot be bright and cheerful while the next is low-key and oppressive."},{"t":"p","x":"写作文需要先立意，我们在修图时，也需要先确认主题、思路和方向。","b":false,"xe":"Writing an essay requires deciding the theme first; likewise, when editing photos, we need to confirm the theme, idea and direction first."},{"t":"h","x":"2","xe":"2"},{"t":"h","x":"分析照片的兴趣点","xe":"Analyze the Photo's Points of Interest"},{"t":"p","x":"我们在写作文的时候，一般都是先立意再动笔。虽然摄影项目也应该是这样，但现实世界总是充满了复杂和惊喜，我们在前期拍摄时，可能很多时候还是在靠直觉进行捕捉。","b":false,"xe":"When writing, we usually decide the theme before picking up the pen. Photography projects should be the same, but the real world is full of complexity and surprise, and when shooting we often still rely on intuition to capture moments."},{"t":"p","x":"因此在后期的一开始，我们更需要重新去审视我们的照片，从中提取出那些兴趣点。","b":false,"xe":"Therefore, at the very beginning of post-processing, we need to re-examine our photos and extract the points of interest from them."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":1000,"h":749},{"t":"p","x":"上面这张原图，是用无人机航拍的冰山，很有意思，抓怕到了冰山底部隐藏的那些部分。","b":false,"xe":"The raw file above is a drone shot of an iceberg — fascinating, capturing the hidden parts beneath the iceberg."},{"t":"p","x":"这张照片的兴趣点无疑是冰山。旁边的小船也是很有趣的，因为它作为参照系，衬托出了冰山的宏大。","b":false,"xe":"The point of interest of this photo is undoubtedly the iceberg. The small boat beside it is also interesting, serving as a reference that sets off the iceberg's enormity."},{"t":"p","x":"后面的陆地，提供了一些背景信息，比如冰山位于海岸边，但这些并不是很有趣或者很重要的信息。因此我后期思考时决定进行二次构图，裁掉多余的部分。","b":false,"xe":"The land behind provides background information — for example, that the iceberg is near the coast — but this is not very interesting or important. So in post I decided to recompose and crop out the redundant parts."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":1067,"h":1600},{"t":"p","x":"这样的话内容更加统一，视觉上也特别的震撼。","b":false,"xe":"This way the content is more unified, and visually far more striking."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":667,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"上面一张图片，记录了一个清冷的渔村早晨，整体显得比较杂乱，如果不进行取舍的话，可能读者无法知道摄影师到底要表现什么。","b":false,"xe":"The image above records a chilly morning in a fishing village. The scene is cluttered; without making choices, viewers would have no idea what the photographer wanted to express."},{"t":"p","x":"因此我决定对画面只保留一个主要的兴趣点，也就是明亮的路灯，以及两个次要兴趣点，淡淡的房屋灯光和匆匆走过的行人。","b":false,"xe":"So I decided to keep only one main point of interest — the bright street lamp — and two secondary ones: the faint lights of the houses and the hurried passerby."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":1080,"h":720},{"t":"p","x":"这样通过后期的裁图，以及对其他景物的压暗淡化处理，我们就从视觉上提取出了画面的兴趣点，让观者从中感受到北极渔村的别样氛围。","b":false,"xe":"By cropping in post and darkening and softening the other elements, we visually extract the points of interest, letting viewers feel the distinctive atmosphere of an Arctic fishing village."},{"t":"p","x":"确认兴趣点不仅仅意味着二次裁图，而且对画面局部的明暗、色彩等等都有影响。","b":false,"xe":"Identifying points of interest means more than re-cropping — it also affects the brightness and color of local areas."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":667,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"比如上面一张巴塔哥尼亚秋色，我们就需要在后期开始前，先对其中的主要景物进行分析。","b":false,"xe":"For example, in the Patagonian autumn scene above, we need to analyze the main elements before starting post-processing."},{"t":"p","x":"中间日照金山时的Fitz Roy雪山，无疑是本片亮点，需要突出。","b":false,"xe":"The sunlit golden Fitz Roy massif in the middle is undoubtedly the highlight of this photo and needs to be emphasized."},{"t":"p","x":"突出的方式有很多种，比如金山左侧的山头，由于距离的关系，竟然看起来比我们的兴趣点还要高，因此需要裁掉。","b":false,"xe":"There are many ways to emphasize it. For instance, the peak on the left of the golden mountain actually looks taller than our point of interest due to perspective, so it needs to be cropped out."},{"t":"p","x":"为了突出金山，我们需要让金山的颜色和明度都从照片中“脱颖而出”。","b":false,"xe":"To make the golden mountain stand out, its color and brightness must 'rise above' the rest of the photo."},{"t":"p","x":"因此天空需要进行后期压暗，最好做成冷色调，这样金色山峰就可以通过色相、饱和度、明度上的特殊性，在画面中牢牢占据我们的眼球。","b":false,"xe":"So the sky needs to be darkened in post, preferably into cool tones, so that the golden peak firmly holds the viewer's eye through its distinct hue, saturation and brightness."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":1067,"h":1600},{"t":"p","x":"甚至有的时候，乍一眼看上去是一张废片，我们也可以通过后期的思考和观察，发现照片中的亮点。","b":false,"xe":"Sometimes, what looks like a failed photo at first glance can reveal its bright spots through post-processing observation and thought."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":1000,"h":667},{"t":"p","x":"上面一张桂林的雨中航拍，无疑原片并不抢眼。","b":false,"xe":"The raw file above, an aerial shot of Guilin in the rain, is certainly not eye-catching."},{"t":"p","x":"但是我们仔细观察，还是可以发现其中一些有意思的地方，比如雾气蒙蒙的山峰特别有层次感，画面中的道路和山峰边缘也特别有几何线条感。","b":false,"xe":"But looking closely, we can still find interesting things: the misty peaks have a wonderful sense of layering, and the roads and mountain edges form striking geometric lines."},{"t":"p","x":"但是由于原图画面中复杂的信息，比如暗淡的色彩，凌乱的房屋，茂密的树木，会把读者的关注点吸引到这些并不有趣的地方，就会觉得照片是张废片。","b":false,"xe":"However, the complex information in the raw file — dull colors, messy houses, dense trees — draws the viewer's attention to these uninteresting places, making the photo seem like a failure."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":1080,"h":608},{"t":"p","x":"如果我们在后期时大胆的去掉这些无关的色彩、细节和信息，提取出画面中丰富的几何结构，那么就能“变废为宝”。","b":false,"xe":"If in post we boldly remove these irrelevant colors, details and information, and extract the rich geometric structure of the scene, we can 'turn waste into treasure'."},{"t":"h","x":"3","xe":"3"},{"t":"h","x":"考虑后期的大致思路","xe":"Consider the General Direction of Post-Processing"},{"t":"p","x":"摄影后期，技术是基础，关键是思路。","b":false,"xe":"In photo post-processing, technique is the foundation, but ideas are the key."},{"t":"p","x":"很多照片，并不需要复杂的后期处理，只需要简单的对画面的色彩进行统一、影调进行强化，主体进行突出就可以了。","b":false,"xe":"Many photos do not need complex post-processing — simply unifying the colors, strengthening the tonality, and highlighting the subject is enough."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":1000,"h":666},{"t":"p","x":"比如上面这张德国城堡的原片，后期几乎都是在Camera Raw中完成。只要确认了强化天空渐变，突出城堡光辉的思路之后，很快就能搞定。","b":false,"xe":"For example, the raw file of the German castle above was processed almost entirely in Camera Raw. Once the idea was confirmed — strengthen the sky gradient and highlight the castle's glow — it was done quickly."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":1080,"h":720},{"t":"p","x":"很多照片，虽然前后期样貌发生了巨变，但用到的技术其实也很简单。","b":false,"xe":"Many photos change dramatically between capture and final edit, yet the techniques used are actually very simple."},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":668,"h":1000},{"t":"p","x":"比如上面一张原片，后期主要用到的是加深减淡工具，我在《学会加深减淡工具，提升照片画面表现力》一文中介绍过的后期简单工具。","b":false,"xe":"For the raw file above, post-processing mainly used the dodge-and-burn tool — a simple tool I introduced in my article 'Learn Dodge and Burn to Improve Your Photo's Expressiveness'."},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":1068,"h":1600},{"t":"p","x":"更关键的还是需要对照片进行分析，知道需要对哪里进行提亮减淡，哪里进行加深压暗。这才是让一张照片后期看起来大不同的关键。","b":false,"xe":"What matters more is analyzing the photo: knowing where to brighten and where to darken. That is the key to making a photo look completely different after post-processing."},{"t":"p","x":"画面并不是细节越多越好。","b":false,"xe":"A photo is not better with more detail."},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":1000,"h":666},{"t":"p","x":"上面这张海冰的原片，我就决定去掉白色冰雪中的大部分细节，突出海岸线的线条和色彩对比。","b":false,"xe":"For the raw file of sea ice above, I decided to remove most of the detail in the white snow and ice, emphasizing the lines of the coastline and the color contrast."},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":1080,"h":719},{"t":"p","x":"但是细节也不是越少越好。","b":false,"xe":"But detail is not a case of less-is-always-better either."},{"t":"img","f":"img-22","w":1000,"h":668},{"t":"p","x":"上面这张山峰的照片，我就决定后期用画笔，进一步强化水面纹理的细节，和前景花草的质感，天空也制作了一个原来不明显的渐变过渡。","b":false,"xe":"For the mountain photo above, I decided to use brushes in post to further strengthen the texture of the water surface and the foreground flowers and grass, and to create a gradual transition in the sky that was not obvious before."},{"t":"img","f":"img-23","w":1080,"h":721},{"t":"p","x":"到底是需要增加细节，还是减少细节？到底画面中哪些地方的细节需要进行处理，其实都是思路的问题，需要我们多看，多想，多分析。","b":false,"xe":"Should detail be increased or reduced? Which areas need work? These are all questions of thinking, and they require us to look more, think more and analyze more."},{"t":"p","x":"摄影后期最关键的一步，其实就是分析画面和确认思路，思路一旦确定，照片的最终形式就确定了。","b":false,"xe":"The most crucial step in post-processing is analyzing the picture and confirming the idea. Once the idea is set, the final form of the photo is set."},{"t":"p","x":"到底是用曲线、色彩平衡还是画笔去做具体的处理，其实并没有大家想象的那么重要。","b":false,"xe":"Whether you use curves, color balance or brushes for the actual work is really not as important as people think."},{"t":"p","x":"技术决定下限，思路决定上限。摄影后期最重要的一步，就是确认思路！","b":false,"xe":"Technique determines the floor; ideas determine the ceiling. The most important step in post-processing is confirming the idea!"},{"t":"h","x":"欢迎关注@Thomas看看世界，","xe":"Follow @Thomas Chu Photo,"},{"t":"h","x":"每周学会一个摄影技能。","xe":"and learn one photography skill every week."}],"titleEn":"The Most Important Post-Processing Step That 90% of Enthusiasts Ignore"}