{"slug":"ps-curves-part2","title":"PS曲线(下) - 如何调出胶片、暗调、漂白等丰富多样的效果","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2016-06-12","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247484012&idx=1&sn=4102366b7a56e96ada8dac25d2e0f6d9&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"p","x":"如果说直方图是摄影师的“X光片”，那么曲线工具一定是摄影师的“手术刀”了。","b":false,"xe":"If the histogram is the photographer's 'X-ray', then the Curves tool must be the photographer's 'scalpel'."},{"t":"p","x":"上周日的《曲线（上）》讲了压暗提亮、黑白场、对比度这三种基本的曲线形态，以及如何只在局部使用他们。本周托马斯继续谈谈，如何把这些基本曲线灵活的组合起来，创造出丰富多样的影调效果。","b":false,"xe":"Last Sunday's 'Curves (Part 1)' covered the three basic curve shapes — darken/brighten, black-white point, contrast — and how to apply them locally. This week Thomas continues with how to flexibly combine these basics into rich, varied tonal effects."},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":640,"h":465},{"t":"h","x":"三种基本曲线与局部应用","xe":"Three basic curves and local application"},{"t":"p","x":"下图这样把锚点放在中间往上提的曲线，我们叫做提亮曲线。把锚点往下压的曲线，我们叫做压暗曲线。提亮压暗曲线可以方便的加亮、减暗一张照片。","b":true,"xe":"A curve with the anchor placed in the middle and lifted we call a brighten curve; pressed down, a darken curve. Brighten/darken curves conveniently lighten or darken a photo."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":640,"h":353},{"t":"p","x":"我们把照片上最暗的点叫做黑场，最亮的点叫做白场，黑白场的差值决定了一张照片的反差程度。","b":false,"xe":"We call the darkest point of a photo the black point and the brightest the white point; the difference between them determines the photo's contrast."},{"t":"p","x":"通过横移和竖移曲线的最左最右两个端点，就可以改变照片的黑白场，这样的曲线形态我们定义为黑白场曲线。","b":true,"xe":"By shifting the curve's two endpoints horizontally or vertically we change the black-white points — we define this shape as the black-white-point curve."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":640,"h":362},{"t":"p","x":"增强对比度曲线（S型曲线），其实就是在高光处建立锚点并提高，在阴影处建立锚点并降低，拉出一个像英语字母S一样的曲线。类似的，一个反S的形状的曲线，就是降低对比度曲线了。","b":true,"xe":"The contrast-increasing curve (S-curve) is an anchor raised in the highlights and an anchor lowered in the shadows, shaped like the letter S. Similarly, an inverse-S shape is the contrast-reducing curve."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":640,"h":403},{"t":"p","x":"在使用前面3种曲线调整图片时，我们可以添加1-2个锚点，把不需要改变的区域拉回原位，使得曲线的效果只作用在局部。这就是曲线的局部应用。","b":true,"xe":"When using these 3 curve types, we can add 1-2 anchors to pull unaffected regions back into place, so the curve acts only locally. That's local curve application."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":640,"h":360},{"t":"p","x":"学会三种基本曲线就像学会了加减乘除四则运算，知道了1+2=3。学会局部应用曲线就好像学会了计算中的括号（）一样。","b":false,"xe":"Learning the three basic curves is like learning arithmetic — knowing 1+2=3. Learning local application is like learning parentheses in arithmetic."},{"t":"p","x":"一旦我们学会了基础的加减乘除和括号，稍加组合变通，我们就可以理解 ((3+4*9/6)-7)+(4-2)*8 = 18 这样复杂的等式了。","b":false,"xe":"Once we know basic arithmetic and parentheses, with a little combination we can understand complex equations like ((3+4*9/6)-7)+(4-2)*8 = 18."},{"t":"p","x":"同样的，三种基本曲线虽然看起来都很简单，但当我们把这些基本形态结合起来的时候，却可以创作出丰富多样的复杂效果。","b":false,"xe":"Likewise, though the three basic curves look simple, combining them creates rich and complex effects."},{"t":"h","x":"胶片效果曲线","xe":"Film-look curves"},{"t":"p","x":"下图是一张泰国美功铁路市场的照片，如果我们想让它更有胶片味儿。应该怎么调整呢？","b":false,"xe":"Below is a photo of Thailand's Maeklong Railway Market. How do we make it more film-like?"},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":640,"h":437},{"t":"p","x":"最简单的办法就是直接套用PS里的颜色查找表（3D-Lut）工具了。各种预设好的胶片LUT，可以快速的让图片带上不同类型胶片的影调和色调。不过其实这些效果也是可以通过曲线来完成的。","b":false,"xe":"The simplest way is applying PS's Color Lookup (3D-LUT) tool — preset film LUTs quickly give different film tonalities and colors. But these effects can actually be done with curves too."},{"t":"p","x":"仔细观察下面这张套用 柯达5218胶片 LUT 的成片效果，可以发现它的直方图在保持对比度的同时有一个明显的右移，黑色区域完全没有像素。发灰的暗部给了我们一种照片暗部细节非常丰富的错觉，看起来就像是用高宽容度的胶片拍摄的。","b":false,"xe":"Look closely at the result below with the Kodak 5218 film LUT: the histogram keeps contrast while shifting noticeably right, with zero pixels in the Blacks. The grayish shadows give an illusion of rich shadow detail — as if shot on high-latitude film."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":640,"h":435},{"t":"p","x":"要消除直方图中的黑色像素很简单，使用我们学过的黑白场曲线，（竖直向上）提高照片的黑场锚点即可。","b":false,"xe":"Eliminating the black pixels is simple: use the black-white-point curve we learned, and raise the black-point anchor (straight up)."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":640,"h":440},{"t":"p","x":"不过这样不仅照片的暗部发灰，中间调和高光也变灰了。所以为了恢复对比度，我再在上面曲线的基础上拉一个S型曲线（增加对比度曲线）。这样这张照片就获得了很多胶片类似的影调，暗部发灰但对比度又很足。","b":false,"xe":"But then not only the shadows go gray — midtones and highlights gray out too. So to restore contrast, I add an S-curve (contrast-increasing) on top. The photo gains a film-like tonality: grayish shadows yet ample contrast."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":640,"h":442},{"t":"p","x":"之后我们可以继续应用可选颜色、渐变映射、色相饱和度等等调色工具，给照片加上胶片的色调，这些色彩调整工具会在以后的教程中继续展开。","b":false,"xe":"We can then continue with Selective Color, Gradient Map, Hue/Saturation and other grading tools to add film color — these color tools will be covered in future tutorials."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":640,"h":436},{"t":"p","x":"这里的胶片曲线=提高黑场曲线+增强对比度曲线。我们并不需要记忆这个公式，因为有的胶片效果反而是需要减少对比度的。只要理解了三种基本的曲线形态，各种各样的效果我们都是可以组合出来的。","b":false,"xe":"Here, film curve = raise-black-point curve + contrast-increasing curve. We don't need to memorize this formula — some film looks actually need reduced contrast. Once you understand the three basic shapes, you can combine them into all kinds of effects."},{"t":"h","x":"暗调效果曲线","xe":"Dark-mood curves"},{"t":"p","x":"下图是一张英国七姐妹白崖的照片，如果我们想让它更加的阴沉，仿佛世界尽头一样。应该怎么调整呢？","b":false,"xe":"Below is a photo of the Seven Sisters cliffs in England. How do we make it gloomier, like the end of the world?"},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":640,"h":425},{"t":"p","x":"直接运用我们学过的压暗曲线，可以发现照片的中间调已经达到了我们想要的低沉影调。","b":false,"xe":"Applying the darken curve directly, the midtones already reach the somber tonality we want."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":640,"h":363},{"t":"p","x":"但是这样的话暗部几乎一片漆黑，失去了细节。所以我在暗部再增加一个锚点上拉，相当于在暗部又局部的应用了提亮曲线。","b":false,"xe":"But now the dark areas are almost pitch black, detail lost. So I add an anchor in the darks and pull up — equivalent to locally applying a brighten curve in the shadows."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":640,"h":359},{"t":"p","x":"这样虽然暗部细节回来了，但是阴影部分发灰严重，乌云已经完全失去了立体感。所以再在暗部建立2个锚点，叠加上一条S型曲线，提高暗部的对比度。可以发现天上的乌云内部的层次对比又展现了出来。","b":false,"xe":"Shadow detail is back, but the shadows look severely gray and the dark clouds have lost all dimension. So I add 2 more anchors in the darks, overlaying an S-curve to raise shadow contrast — the layered contrast inside the clouds reappears."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":640,"h":359},{"t":"p","x":"最后在高光区也建立一个锚点上拉，相当于在高光部分叠加了一个局部提亮曲线，重新恢复了高光的亮度。","b":false,"xe":"Finally I add an anchor in the highlights and pull up — a local brighten curve over the highlights, restoring their brightness."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":640,"h":354},{"t":"p","x":"这张暗调照片的最后曲线=全局压暗曲线+暗部提亮曲线+暗部增加对比度曲线+亮部提亮曲线。看起来很复杂，其实只要理解了原理非常简单，三种基本曲线的一步步的叠加应用而已。","b":false,"xe":"This dark photo's final curve = global darken curve + shadow brighten curve + shadow contrast curve + highlight brighten curve. Looks complex, but once you understand the principle it's simple — just the three basic curves stacked step by step."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":640,"h":425},{"t":"h","x":"压黑漂白效果曲线","xe":"Crushed-black & bleach curves"},{"t":"p","x":"压黑漂白效果很适合运动类，主体硬朗，以及感情强烈的片子。其特点如下图所示，有大量的纯黑或者纯白区域，反差强烈。","b":false,"xe":"The crushed-black/bleach look suits sports, tough subjects and emotionally intense images. As shown below, it features large pure-black or pure-white areas with strong contrast."},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":640,"h":425},{"t":"p","x":"下面是这张道路上飞驰的装甲车的原片，反差不够强烈，无法体现出装甲战士带给我们的冲击力。","b":false,"xe":"Below is the original shot of an armored vehicle speeding down a road — not contrasty enough to convey the impact of an armored warrior."},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":640,"h":425},{"t":"p","x":"使用黑白场曲线右移黑场锚点，照片中很暗的部分全部都变成了纯黑。黑色倒是足够了，但黑白场曲线的副作用就是把整个图片都压黑了。","b":false,"xe":"Using the black-white-point curve, I move the black-point anchor right — all very dark parts become pure black. Blacks are sufficient now, but the side effect is the whole image gets crushed dark."},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":640,"h":360},{"t":"p","x":"所以在亮部建立锚点，用提亮曲线提高高光和中间调，营造硬朗的反差效果。这种扩大纯黑并提亮亮部的效果就称为压黑（Crushed Black）效果。","b":false,"xe":"So I create anchors in the bright areas and use a brighten curve to lift highlights and midtones, creating a hard contrast. This effect — expanded pure blacks with brightened brights — is called crushed black."},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":640,"h":356},{"t":"p","x":"与压黑类似的还有漂白效果。顾名思义，漂白效果就是照片整体提亮，白色溢出，同时暗处也变亮并压缩成深灰色，仿佛照片印在纸上再放进漂白水里漂白出来一样。","b":false,"xe":"Similar to crushed black is the bleach effect. As the name suggests: the photo is brightened overall, whites blow out, and darks brighten into compressed deep gray — as if the photo were printed on paper and soaked in bleach."},{"t":"p","x":"下图是Gopro拍摄的皮划艇运动员Thomas。","b":false,"xe":"Below is kayaker Thomas, shot on a GoPro."},{"t":"img","f":"img-22","w":640,"h":390},{"t":"p","x":"漂白曲线的前两部跟压黑曲线一样，先是把暗部变成纯黑，同时提亮照片。","b":false,"xe":"The bleach curve's first two steps match the crushed-black curve: turn the darks pure black while brightening the photo."},{"t":"img","f":"img-23","w":640,"h":392},{"t":"p","x":"漂白效果会进一步让高光也溢出成白色，虽然丢掉细节，但是照片会更有明快动感的气氛。在曲线中可以通过左移白场锚点实现这个效果。","b":false,"xe":"Bleach goes further — highlights also blow out to white. Detail is lost, but the photo gains a bright, dynamic mood. In curves this is done by moving the white-point anchor left."},{"t":"img","f":"img-24","w":640,"h":393},{"t":"p","x":"最后我们把黑场的点再上移一段距离，可以理解成刚刚压缩成纯黑的暗部，提亮成了同一种深灰色。","b":false,"xe":"Finally, move the black-point up a bit — the darks just compressed to pure black are lifted into a uniform deep gray."},{"t":"img","f":"img-25","w":640,"h":382},{"t":"p","x":"同样可以发现，漂白曲线也是由黑白场曲线和提亮曲线组合而成的，真的是万变不离其宗！","b":false,"xe":"You can see the bleach curve is also a combination of the black-white-point curve and brighten curve — truly, all variations spring from the same root!"},{"t":"h","x":"本周总结","xe":"Weekly summary"},{"t":"p","x":"可以看到，不管是胶片曲线，暗调曲线，还是压黑漂白曲线，无论多么复杂的效果。其本质仍然是提亮压暗，黑白场和对比度这3种基本曲线，在整体和各个局部组合而成的！","b":true,"xe":"Whether film curves, dark-mood curves, or crushed-black/bleach curves — however complex the effect — their essence is still the 3 basic curves (brighten/darken, black-white point, contrast) combined globally and locally!"},{"t":"p","x":"所以我们并不需要死记硬背这些复杂效果的曲线长什么样。只要理解了三种基本曲线形态的作用，就可以根据需要，组合出自己想要的各种影调效果了！","b":false,"xe":"So there's no need to memorize what these complex curves look like. Once you understand what the three basic shapes do, you can combine whatever tonal effect you want!"},{"t":"p","x":"（PS曲线不仅可以调整照片的影调，各个色彩通道的曲线还可以影响照片的色调，这些就只能在未来的教程中继续展开了。）","b":false,"xe":"(PS curves can adjust not only tonality; the individual color-channel curves also affect color tone — that will have to wait for future tutorials.)"},{"t":"p","x":"我是@Thomas看看世界，每个周日晚上，分享一篇原创摄影干货。","b":false,"xe":"I'm @Thomas Chu Photo — every Sunday evening I share an original piece of photography know-how."},{"t":"p","x":"通知：因为托马斯下周五起，要去巴基斯坦山区徒步1个月，无网无信号。所以下一期Thomas的周日摄影分享，会推迟到7月17日。感谢关注！","b":false,"xe":"Notice: starting next Friday, Thomas will be trekking in the mountains of Pakistan for a month with no internet or signal. The next Sunday photography share will be postponed to July 17. Thanks for following!"}],"titleEn":"PS Curves (Part 2): Film Looks, Dark Tones, Bleach Effects and More"}