{"slug":"select-and-mask-tool","title":"Photoshop中最好用的选区工具就是它，快速又精确！","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2018-05-27","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247486923&idx=1&sn=34c5231dbdb42e21effdf2478c11dd25&chksm=eb81f3afdcf67ab94a36956458690169752a6bedf3025dbfa990922d3f5051ff9a6b4b0cb63d&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"每周一篇干货，让摄影不再难学","b":false,"xe":"One practical tutorial every week, making photography easy to learn"},{"t":"p","x":"局部处理是摄影后期的核心技法。而局部处理的关键，就在于精确的建立选区，选出物体进行单独的调整。","b":false,"xe":"Local adjustment is the core technique of photo post-processing — and the key to local adjustment is building precise selections to edit objects individually."},{"t":"p","x":"今天的教程中，托马斯会介绍常用的几种选区建立方法，并详细讲解其中最好用的“选择并遮住”工具。","b":false,"xe":"In today's tutorial, Thomas introduces several common ways to build selections, with a deep dive into the best of them: the \"Select and Mask\" tool."},{"t":"h","x":"1","xe":"1"},{"t":"h","x":"建立选区的常见方法","xe":"Common Ways to Build Selections"},{"t":"p","x":"要在Photoshop中精准的建立选区，风光摄影师现在常用的有3种方法。","b":false,"xe":"Landscape photographers now commonly use three methods to build precise selections in Photoshop."},{"t":"p","x":"其中80%的情况，特别是边缘特别明显的物体，都可以应用快速选择工具搞定，而且配合“选择并遮住”工具，火焰、云层这样的半透明边缘，以及头发、树叶树枝这样的复杂边缘，也可以轻松的选上。","b":false,"xe":"80% of cases — especially subjects with well-defined edges — can be handled with the Quick Selection tool. Paired with \"Select and Mask,\" even semi-transparent edges like flames and clouds, and intricate edges like hair, leaves, and branches, can be selected with ease."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":1000,"h":750},{"t":"p","x":"剩下的19%情况，我们需要基于亮度进行处理，比如只选择画面中某个物体的亮部或者暗部，那么我们就需要用到亮度蒙版或者通道了。","b":false,"xe":"In the remaining 19% of cases we need luminance-based selection — selecting only the highlights or shadows of a subject — which calls for luminosity masks or channels."},{"t":"p","x":"还有1%的特殊情况，需要抠出那些很不明显的边缘，比如一个黑色人影和背景的黑夜之间的模糊边缘，就只能用钢笔或者套索工具，以手绘描边的方式进行抠图了。","b":false,"xe":"And in the final 1% of special cases — extracting barely visible edges, like the fuzzy boundary between a black silhouette and a night background — only the Pen or Lasso tool works, tracing the edge by hand."},{"t":"p","x":"在这里，我会介绍可以解决80%选区问题的快速选择+选择并遮住的方法。","b":false,"xe":"Here I'll introduce the Quick Selection + Select and Mask method, which solves 80% of selection problems."},{"t":"p","x":"快速选择工具在左侧工具栏的第四个图标，选择之后，一般需要勾上“对所有图层取样”。接着我们在想选择的地方，比如下图的天空中1、2、3、4、5处，分别点击一下，可以看到快速选择工具就自动的探测出了天空与地面的边缘，只有一些局部还不太精准。","b":false,"xe":"The Quick Selection tool is the fourth icon in the left toolbar. After selecting it, you generally want to check \"Sample All Layers.\" Then click the spots you want to select — points 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in the sky below, for instance — and the tool automatically detects the sky-ground boundary, with only small local inaccuracies."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":1000,"h":489},{"t":"h","x":"2","xe":"2"},{"t":"h","x":"选择并遮住工具入门","xe":"Getting Started with Select and Mask"},{"t":"p","x":"要对快速选择工具制作的选区，进行进一步的修改，我们可以选择菜单栏上方的“选择并遮住”。","b":false,"xe":"To refine a selection made with Quick Selection, choose \"Select and Mask\" in the top menu bar."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":1000,"h":547},{"t":"p","x":"打开“选择并遮住“面板，面板左侧1-4是4种调整工具，中间是图片及选区预览区域，右侧是多个滑块。","b":false,"xe":"The Select and Mask panel: on the left are four adjustment tools (1-4), in the middle the image and selection preview, and on the right a set of sliders."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":1000,"h":577},{"t":"p","x":"左侧的第一个图标，对应的是快速选择画笔，其功能和快速选择工具一模一样。我们可以选择+号，用快速选择画笔增加选区。","b":false,"xe":"The first icon on the left is the Quick Selection brush, identical in function to the Quick Selection tool. Choose the + mode to add to the selection with it."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":1000,"h":655},{"t":"p","x":"也可以选择-号，把快速选择画笔识别的区域从现有选区中减去。原来的选区中，可以看到佛塔的上部也被误选到天空选区中，因此用减号快速选择画笔，沿着下图镜头路径涂抹一下，佛塔上部就从天空选区里排除了出去。","b":false,"xe":"Or choose the - mode to subtract brushed areas from the current selection. In the original selection, the upper part of the pagoda was mistakenly included in the sky; a few strokes with the minus brush along the path shown below exclude the pagoda top from the sky selection."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":1000,"h":635},{"t":"p","x":"下面的第二个图标，是非常好用的边缘画笔工具，专门用来对付半透明的边缘和细节非常复杂的边缘。","b":false,"xe":"The second icon below is the wonderfully useful Refine Edge brush, built for semi-transparent edges and extremely intricate ones."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":1000,"h":940},{"t":"p","x":"例如本图中树木和天空交界的地方，边缘就特别的复杂，原来的快速选择工具在这里毫无办法。","b":false,"xe":"Where the trees meet the sky in this image, for example, the edges are especially complex — the original Quick Selection tool is helpless here."},{"t":"p","x":"而使用边缘画笔则很简单，选择之后用画笔涂抹复杂的边缘部分，也就是画面中的树枝。可以看到，边缘画笔涂过的地方树枝和天空就神奇的自动分离开来了。","b":false,"xe":"The Refine Edge brush makes it simple: select it and paint over the complex edges — the branches in the frame. Wherever the brush passes, branches and sky separate as if by magic."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":1000,"h":756},{"t":"p","x":"用黑白模式预览选区边缘，可以看到边缘画笔涂过的地方，密密麻麻的树枝树叶，都被排除在了天空选区之外。","b":false,"xe":"Previewing the selection edge in black-and-white mode, you can see the dense branches and leaves the brush passed over are all excluded from the sky selection."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":1000,"h":790},{"t":"p","x":"第三个画笔图标，是普通的画笔，和用画笔直接修改蒙版类似。普通+号画笔涂过的地方，会加到现有选区中。普通-号画笔涂过的地方，会从选区中减去。","b":false,"xe":"The third brush icon is the regular Brush, similar to painting directly on a mask. Areas painted with the + brush join the current selection; areas painted with the - brush are subtracted."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":1000,"h":829},{"t":"p","x":"最后还有第四个图标套索工具，套索工具可以用来手绘边缘。","b":false,"xe":"Finally, the fourth icon is the Lasso tool, for hand-drawing edges."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":1000,"h":918},{"t":"p","x":"比如我选择套索，然后选择增加模式，在地面上画了一个心形。现在这个心形部分，也被增加到了我的选区中。","b":false,"xe":"For example, I chose the Lasso in add mode and drew a heart shape on the ground — and that heart is now part of my selection."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":1000,"h":845},{"t":"h","x":"3","xe":"3"},{"t":"h","x":"选区边缘精细调整","xe":"Fine-Tuning Selection Edges"},{"t":"p","x":"面板右侧的第一个下拉菜单，我们可以选择视图模式，也就是如何预览选区和非选区。默认的选择是洋葱皮，选区会以原图片显示，而没有选上的部分，则会被蒙上一层黑白格子相间的“洋葱皮“。","b":false,"xe":"The first dropdown on the panel's right side selects the view mode — how the selected and unselected areas are previewed. The default is Onion Skin: the selection shows the original image, while unselected areas are covered by a checkered black-and-white \"onion skin.\""},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":1000,"h":775},{"t":"p","x":"蒙上的洋葱皮的不透明度也能调整，比如我把不透明度增加到100%，现在预览图中的非选区部分，就是完全不透明的黑白格子了。","b":false,"xe":"The onion skin's opacity is adjustable — at 100%, the unselected area in the preview is fully opaque checkerboard."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":1000,"h":600},{"t":"p","x":"降低洋葱皮不透明度到50%，可以隐约看到一些原图，可以更加方便我们进行选区修改。","b":false,"xe":"Lowering the onion-skin opacity to 50% lets some of the original image show through, making selection edits easier."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":1000,"h":630},{"t":"p","x":"除此之外，还有一个常用的视图模式是叠加，我们可以给非选区部分叠加上一层颜色，比如蓝色。","b":false,"xe":"Another common view mode is Overlay, which coats the unselected area in a color — blue, for instance."},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":1000,"h":706},{"t":"p","x":"叠加的颜色，不透明度也可以调整，比如下图非选区部分叠加上的是一层65%不透明度的红色。","b":false,"xe":"The overlay color's opacity is adjustable too: below, the unselected area wears a 65%-opacity red coat."},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":1000,"h":710},{"t":"p","x":"当然预览边缘最直接的方式，还是黑白的视图模式。在此模式下，选区显示和对应的蒙版一模一样。白色为100%选择，黑色为没有选择，灰色为部分选择。","b":false,"xe":"Of course, the most direct way to preview edges is the black-and-white view mode, where the selection displays exactly like its corresponding mask: white is 100% selected, black is unselected, grey is partially selected."},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":1000,"h":375},{"t":"p","x":"如果现有选区不太精确，而边缘反差又比较明显，我们还可以试试边缘检测功能。我们设置一个半径，比如3像素。那么工具会自动检查现有选区周围3像素的范围，寻找范围内反差最大的一条线，作为调整后的选区边缘。","b":false,"xe":"If the current selection isn't precise and the edges have decent contrast, try Edge Detection. Set a radius — say 3 pixels — and the tool examines a 3-pixel band around the selection boundary, snapping it to the line of greatest contrast within that range."},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":1000,"h":574},{"t":"p","x":"平滑度滑块，可以有效的去除选区的锯齿状边缘。","b":false,"xe":"The Smooth slider effectively removes jagged, sawtooth edges from selections."},{"t":"img","f":"img-22","w":1000,"h":559},{"t":"p","x":"增加平滑度，可以看到崎岖的选区，变得比较圆滑。","b":false,"xe":"Increase Smooth and watch the rugged selection turn sleek and round."},{"t":"img","f":"img-23","w":1000,"h":612},{"t":"p","x":"羽化值，则决定了选区边缘，是一条黑白分明的硬边缘，还是一条有渐变过渡的软边缘。","b":false,"xe":"Feather determines whether the selection edge is a hard black-white boundary or a soft, gradually transitioning one."},{"t":"img","f":"img-24","w":1000,"h":618},{"t":"p","x":"最后的移动边缘滑块，则可以对边缘进行智能缩放，用于扩大或者缩小选区。","b":false,"xe":"The final slider, Shift Edge, intelligently scales the edge inward or outward to shrink or expand the selection."},{"t":"img","f":"img-25","w":1000,"h":544},{"t":"img","f":"img-26","w":1000,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"在“选择并遮住“调整完成之后，我们就可以点击”确定“，加载我们最终修改好的选区。","b":false,"xe":"Once Select and Mask adjustments are complete, click OK to load the final refined selection."},{"t":"img","f":"img-27","w":1000,"h":548},{"t":"p","x":"在有选区的情况下新建调整图层，选区会自动转换为调整图层的蒙版。","b":false,"xe":"Create an adjustment layer with a selection loaded, and the selection automatically converts into the adjustment layer's mask."},{"t":"img","f":"img-28","w":1000,"h":504},{"t":"p","x":"这里我新建了一个曲线调整图层，让天空选区自动转换为相应蒙版，并调出了一条压暗曲线。此时只有天空被压暗了，画面其他区域未受影响。","b":false,"xe":"Here I created a Curves adjustment layer: the sky selection automatically became its mask, and I drew a darkening curve. Only the sky is darkened; the rest of the frame is untouched."},{"t":"img","f":"img-29","w":1000,"h":525},{"t":"h","x":"以上就是选择并遮住工具的教程，欢迎大家在留言区讨论，你最常用的局部调整工具是哪一个？","xe":"That's the Select and Mask tutorial. Share in the comments: which local adjustment tool do you use most?"},{"t":"p","x":"本文节选自托马斯新书《风光摄影后期基础》","b":false,"xe":"This article is excerpted from Thomas's book \"Foundations of Landscape Photography Post-Processing\""}],"titleEn":"Photoshop's Best Selection Tool: Select and Mask"}