{"slug":"sharpening-softening-tech","title":"一篇文章，总结所有锐化与柔化技术！","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2017-11-12","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247486114&idx=2&sn=a556f5ca2d331ae43fcc02a8100cee64&chksm=eb81f4c6dcf67dd04b261098e0b8102a2c9cbae2e92b471f2a3ebbe97886c10bf946f2cd01ff&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"我是极影AdventueX摄影师—Miller姚明来","xe":"I'm AdventureX photographer Miller姚明来"},{"t":"img","f":"img-01","w":720,"h":481},{"t":"p","x":"一张优秀的风光作品，画面中除了各元素的和谐外还包括了各种对比和冲突。常见的有色彩对比，明暗对比和虚实对比。","b":true,"xe":"A great landscape photo contains not only harmony among its elements, but also various contrasts and tensions — commonly color contrast, light-dark contrast, and sharp-soft contrast."},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":720,"h":401},{"t":"p","x":"继《所有变亮和变暗的方法都全了》的明暗对比的文章之后，今天这篇文章我将对所有锐化和虚化的方法做一个汇总，来教大家如何营造虚实对比。","b":true,"xe":"Following my article on light-dark contrast, \"Every Way to Brighten and Darken,\" this piece rounds up all the sharpening and softening methods to teach you how to create sharp-soft contrast."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":640,"h":12},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":152,"h":152},{"t":"h","x":"锐化","xe":"Sharpening"},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":152,"h":152},{"t":"h","x":"（一）基础锐化","xe":"1. Basic Sharpening"},{"t":"p","x":"基础锐化是在lr中针对raw格式文件的锐化。目的是为了在无损的条件下压榨出图片更多的细节，为后续在ps中的操作打下一个良好的基础。","b":true,"xe":"Basic sharpening is applied to RAW files in Lightroom. Its purpose is to squeeze out more detail losslessly, laying a solid foundation for later work in Photoshop."},{"t":"p","x":"首先在lr界面右侧找到“细节”面板","b":false,"xe":"First, find the \"Detail\" panel on the right side of the Lightroom interface."},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":219,"h":367},{"t":"p","x":"我们可以看到lr针对raw文件的照片会自动给一个基础的锐化量。基础锐化我通常的做法是半径拉到最小（0.5），细节拉到最大（100），数量根据图片情况进行调整，甚至可以保持lr原有的锐化数量不变。","b":false,"xe":"Lightroom automatically applies a base amount of sharpening to RAW files. My usual approach: set Radius to minimum (0.5), Detail to maximum (100), and adjust Amount according to the image — you can even keep Lightroom's default Amount unchanged."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":720,"h":370},{"t":"p","x":"如果图片中存在你不想锐化的区域，比如平静的水面，万里无云的天空。那么按住alt键的同时滑动蒙版选项条，此时图片变成如上图的灰度图。白色代表锐化完全作用的区域，黑色代表无锐化的区域。我会通过滑动选项条来控制锐化的阈值，避免锐化过度作用于无细节的区域。","b":false,"xe":"If the image has areas you don't want sharpened — calm water, a cloudless sky — hold Alt while dragging the Masking slider. The image turns into the grayscale view shown above: white areas get full sharpening, black areas get none. I drag the slider to control the threshold so sharpening doesn't over-apply to low-detail areas."},{"t":"h","x":"总结：这个基础锐化是我在处理每张照片时都一定会用到的锐化。","xe":"Summary: this basic sharpening is something I apply to every single photo."},{"t":"h","x":"(二）清晰度锐化","xe":"2. Clarity Sharpening"},{"t":"p","x":"Lr以及ps的camera raw中都有“清晰度”这个功能。","b":false,"xe":"Both Lightroom and Photoshop's Camera Raw have a \"Clarity\" feature."},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":223,"h":299},{"t":"p","x":"这个功能主要影响的是图像的中间调的对比度，而对高光和阴影的影响很小。这就可以避免锐化作用于天空，背阴处这类高亮以及很暗的区域。但是清晰度数值越大，图像就会越生硬，噪点也会越明显，在明暗交界处会产生让人讨厌的光晕。","b":false,"xe":"It mainly affects midtone contrast, with little impact on highlights and shadows — so it avoids sharpening bright skies or deep shade. But the higher the Clarity value, the harsher the image, the more obvious the noise, and the uglier the halos at light-dark boundaries."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":545,"h":801},{"t":"p","x":"图一和图二分别是原图以及清晰度加到最大以后的对比。可以发现清晰度数值过大以后，图片质量下降严重。所以清晰度锐化我通常最多加到30，经常用于加强云层的细节，它能够保证高光的天空不受影响而增强中间调云层的对比。","b":false,"xe":"Figures 1 and 2 compare the original with Clarity maxed out — image quality degrades badly. So I usually cap Clarity at 30. It's often used to bring out cloud detail: it boosts midtone cloud contrast without affecting the bright sky."},{"t":"p","x":"总结：通常的用法是用lr的调整画笔对画面的局部增强清晰度，切不可全图使用，而且数值不宜开到过大，这个功能的过度使用会让画面变的很脏，慎用！","b":true,"xe":"Summary: the typical use is Lightroom's adjustment brush to add Clarity locally. Never apply it globally, and keep the value modest — overuse makes the image look dirty. Use with caution!"},{"t":"h","x":"（三）去朦胧锐化（dehaze）","xe":"3. Dehaze Sharpening"},{"t":"p","x":"这个效果是lightroom更新到CC版本后新增的功能","b":false,"xe":"This feature was added when Lightroom updated to the CC version."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":352,"h":299},{"t":"p","x":"当滑块向右移动时，画面的清晰度和对比度以及饱和度都会加强。这个功能其实相当于是集成了清晰度，饱和度和对比度的一个集合的动作。我在处理下面这张图片时用过这个功能","b":false,"xe":"Dragging the slider right increases clarity, contrast, and saturation together — it's essentially a combined action of Clarity, Saturation, and Contrast. I used it on the image below."},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":720,"h":424},{"t":"p","x":"这张拍摄于漓江的日出图片，由于前几天下雨所以雾气非常严重，拍出来的照片通透度极差，在lr中我用去朦胧的功能加强画面的对比和细节。","b":false,"xe":"This sunrise shot on the Li River was taken after days of rain, with heavy fog and very poor transparency. In Lightroom I used Dehaze to strengthen contrast and detail."},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":632,"h":802},{"t":"p","x":"图一是原片，图二我截取了最后成片的一个区域进行对比。虽然图二最后进入ps中进行了很多润色处理，还是可以看得出去朦胧的效果还是蛮不错的。","b":false,"xe":"Figure 1 is the original; Figure 2 shows a cropped area of the final image for comparison. Although Figure 2 went through much refinement in Photoshop afterward, you can see Dehaze worked quite well."},{"t":"p","x":"总结：这个功能只在照片非常朦胧的情况下使用，一般用于雾霾天或者多雾天，不能用于通透的图像。而且要注意的是去朦胧效果越强，画面色彩的饱和度也会越高，所以通常要进行减饱和的处理。","b":true,"xe":"Summary: use this only on very hazy photos — typically smoggy or foggy days — never on already-clear images. Note that stronger Dehaze also raises saturation, so you usually need to desaturate afterward."},{"t":"h","x":"（四）高反差保留","xe":"4. High Pass"},{"t":"p","x":"这是ps中的一个滤镜。高反差保留能够将图像中色彩，明度反差较大的两部分的交界处保留下来，再通过不同的图层混合模式可以起到锐化轮廓的效果。","b":false,"xe":"This is a Photoshop filter. High Pass keeps the boundaries where color or brightness contrast is strong; combined with different layer blend modes, it sharpens edges."},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":697,"h":433},{"t":"p","x":"首先，复制原始图层，然后应用“滤镜—其它—高反差保留”。这时图像呈现为灰度图，可以看到白色的轮廓就是要加强的细节了。设置的半径越大，轮廓线条就越亮，代表加强的效果也越强。","b":false,"xe":"First duplicate the original layer, then apply Filter → Other → High Pass. The image turns grayscale — the white outlines are the details to be enhanced. The larger the radius, the brighter the outlines and the stronger the effect."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":720,"h":514},{"t":"p","x":"高反差的半径通常设置在1-3之间。如果半径太大，轮廓周围会出现光晕。","b":false,"xe":"Set the High Pass radius between 1 and 3. Too large a radius creates halos around the edges."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":421,"h":421},{"t":"p","x":"接着修改图层混合模式为柔光或者叠加。叠加相较于柔光会获得更强的锐化效果。","b":false,"xe":"Then change the layer blend mode to Soft Light or Overlay. Overlay gives a stronger sharpening effect than Soft Light."},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":720,"h":486},{"t":"p","x":"锐化完成后记得添加蒙版，将不需要锐化的区域擦除。这张图片的高光区域我想要保留下光线射入的朦胧感，所以用黑色笔刷将该区域刷出来","b":false,"xe":"After sharpening, remember to add a mask and paint out areas that don't need it. For this image I wanted to keep the hazy feel of light streaming into the highlights, so I painted that area out with a black brush."},{"t":"p","x":"总结：高反差保留只保留轮廓线这些通常需要锐化的区域，而屏蔽了图像中低频的细节。这样相较于一般锐化可以减少噪点的加强。因为是灰度图层，所以也不会对图片的色彩产生影响。通常高反差保留会用于虚化柔焦处理后找回并且加强轮廓的细节，让图片看起来不会太肉。","b":true,"xe":"Summary: High Pass keeps only the outlines — the areas that usually need sharpening — while screening out low-frequency detail, so it amplifies less noise than general sharpening. Being grayscale, it also doesn't affect color. It's typically used to recover and strengthen edge detail after soft-focus blurring, keeping the image from looking too mushy."},{"t":"h","x":"（五）智能锐化、usm锐化","xe":"5. Smart Sharpen & USM Sharpening"},{"t":"p","x":"这两种锐化都能在ps锐化滤镜下找到。","b":false,"xe":"Both are found under Photoshop's Sharpen filters."},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":439,"h":494},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":674,"h":414},{"t":"p","x":"它们有个共同点是都有数量和半径的调整选项。","b":false,"xe":"They share Amount and Radius options."},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":720,"h":336},{"t":"p","x":"通常，小半径+大数量用于增强细节和纹理。比如增强岩石，水流，草木的纹理；大半径+小数量用于增强大物体的轮廓清晰度，类似高反差保留；而大半径+大数量的组合是绝对不能使用的，会在图像细节边缘产生光晕以及让图片变的重口味。","b":true,"xe":"Typically, small radius + large amount enhances detail and texture — e.g., rocks, flowing water, foliage. Large radius + small amount enhances the edge definition of large objects, similar to High Pass. Large radius + large amount is absolutely forbidden — it creates halos at detail edges and makes the image look heavy-handed."},{"t":"p","x":"当执行完锐化后，将图片混合模式改为“明度”，这样锐化就不会影响图像的色彩。","b":false,"xe":"After sharpening, change the layer blend mode to \"Luminosity\" so sharpening doesn't affect color."},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":355,"h":418},{"t":"p","x":"总结：这两种锐化包括前面的高反差保留都是我经常会使用的，至于usm锐化和智能锐化的区别，其实实际用下来基本一样。而小半径+大数量的组合对于细节和纹理的加强效果是我非常惯用的，多用于丛林片以及有水流线条的图像。","b":true,"xe":"Summary: these two, plus High Pass above, are my frequent tools. In practice, USM and Smart Sharpen feel basically the same. The small-radius + large-amount combo is my go-to for detail and texture — often on jungle shots and images with flowing water lines."},{"t":"h","x":"（六）防抖","xe":"6. Shake Reduction"},{"t":"p","x":"这个功能是photoshop cc新加入的滤镜效果，能够通过算法让抖动的图像变的清晰。我拍的图片从来就没虚过（我就是那么吊），所以也用不上这个功能，据说对于抖动的图像的矫正锐化效果拔群。","b":false,"xe":"This filter was newly added in Photoshop CC — it uses algorithms to sharpen shake-blurred images. My shots are never blurry (yes, I'm that good), so I've never needed it, but I hear its correction for camera shake is outstanding."},{"t":"p","x":"相较于前面的各种锐化，这个功能只能作用于抖动的图像，不能用于失焦以及清晰的图像的锐化。","b":false,"xe":"Unlike the other sharpening methods, this only works on shake-blurred images — not on out-of-focus or already-sharp ones."},{"t":"h","x":"（七）NIK详细提取滤镜","xe":"7. Nik Detail Extractor Filter"},{"t":"p","x":"这个锐化功能是在nik插件的color efex pro 4滤镜下的效果。","b":false,"xe":"This sharpening effect lives in the Nik plugin's Color Efex Pro 4 filter set."},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":720,"h":385},{"t":"p","x":"选中这个效果后，在右边的面板有对比度，饱和度，提取强度等选项","b":false,"xe":"With the effect selected, the right panel offers Contrast, Saturation, Detail Extractor strength, and more."},{"t":"img","f":"img-22","w":297,"h":322},{"t":"p","x":"通过对各个参数的调整，让图片的锐化效果达到最优。通常，饱和度设为0%，这样就不会太影响色彩，除非强烈的逆光造成物体太虚，否则对比度通常也是0%。而阴影和亮点的调节可以对画面中暗部和高光区域进行保护，避免效果过多的作用。","b":false,"xe":"Tune the parameters for the best sharpening. I usually set Saturation to 0% so color isn't affected; Contrast usually stays at 0% too, unless strong backlight has made subjects hazy. The Shadows and Highlights sliders protect dark and bright areas from over-application."},{"t":"p","x":"总结：这个锐化的功能我很少使用，不过对暗部细节的加亮和提取的效果非常的好，当图片暗部太暗细节不明显时可以尝试使用。","b":true,"xe":"Summary: I rarely use this sharpening, but it's excellent at brightening and extracting shadow detail — try it when the shadows are too dark to show detail."},{"t":"h","x":"（八）输出锐化（二次缩图锐化法）","xe":"8. Output Sharpening (Two-Step Resize Sharpening)"},{"t":"p","x":"上传到web分享的照片，为了避免网络平台糟糕的压图算法破坏太多的画质，通常在po上去之前要先将图片缩小到一定的尺寸再上传，而图片缩小会降低锐度，这就需要在缩图的同时进行锐化。","b":false,"xe":"Photos uploaded for web sharing suffer from platforms' terrible compression algorithms, so you usually downsize before posting — and downsizing reduces sharpness, which calls for sharpening during the resize."},{"t":"p","x":"经过很多职业摄影师的反复实践的最优锐化方法被称为Marc Adamus sharpening,由著名风光摄影师Marc Adamus发明。","b":false,"xe":"The optimal method, refined through repeated practice by many pros, is called Marc Adamus sharpening, invented by the renowned landscape photographer Marc Adamus."},{"t":"h","x":"具体的方法是： 第一次缩图到最终尺寸的2倍 + 过度锐化 + 第二次缩图到最终尺寸。","xe":"The method: first resize to 2× the final dimensions + over-sharpen + resize again down to the final size."},{"t":"p","x":"比如你想发布一张长边是1000px的图片。那么先将该图片缩小到长边是2000px，然后进行过度锐化，这个过度是可以出现明显噪点，但不能出现很明显的光晕，接着进行第二次缩图，将图片缩小到最终的尺寸，即长边1000px。","b":false,"xe":"For example, to publish an image with a 1000px long edge: first resize to 2000px, then over-sharpen — visible noise is acceptable, but no obvious halos — then resize again to the final 1000px."},{"t":"img","f":"img-23","w":395,"h":274},{"t":"p","x":"这样操作有点繁琐，所以推荐使用TKaction插件的web sharpening功能，可以选择各种输出尺寸，一键即可搞定。","b":false,"xe":"That's tedious, so I recommend the TKaction plugin's Web Sharpening feature — pick an output size and it's done in one click."},{"t":"h","x":"（九）机身锐化","xe":"9. In-Camera Sharpening"},{"t":"p","x":"数码机身中通常有照片风格的调整菜单，在其中可以设置照片的锐度","b":false,"xe":"Digital camera bodies usually have a picture-style menu where you can set sharpness."},{"t":"img","f":"img-24","w":720,"h":487},{"t":"p","x":"但是这个调整只对jpg图像有用，而对于raw格式是没有用的，因为raw文件已经保留了照片的所有数据，完全可以在lr中根据自己的需求增强锐度。如果你还在用jpg来拍摄风光照片，那我真的是水土不服，就服你！","b":false,"xe":"But this only affects JPEGs — it's useless for RAW, which already holds all the data and can be sharpened freely in Lightroom. If you're still shooting landscapes in JPEG, I'm truly impressed — and not in a good way!"},{"t":"h","x":"对于所有的锐化效果，一定都是配合蒙版使效果只作用于局部区域。切不可全局都使用锐化。","xe":"For all sharpening effects, always pair them with a mask so the effect applies only locally. Never sharpen globally."},{"t":"img","f":"img-25","w":152,"h":152},{"t":"h","x":"柔化","xe":"Softening"},{"t":"img","f":"img-26","w":152,"h":152},{"t":"p","x":"一张优秀的照片通常是虚实结合的，所以在对画面元素锐化的同时往往还要对另外的元素进行柔化。让照片有一种虚和实的对比。","b":true,"xe":"A great photo usually mixes sharp and soft: while sharpening some elements, you often soften others, creating a sharp-versus-soft contrast."},{"t":"h","x":"（一）高斯模糊法","xe":"1. Gaussian Blur Method"},{"t":"p","x":"首先复制图层，接着在新图层上应用高斯模糊，通常我会选择37像素","b":false,"xe":"First duplicate the layer, then apply Gaussian Blur on the new layer — I usually pick 37 pixels."},{"t":"img","f":"img-27","w":720,"h":459},{"t":"p","x":"这时候会发现图片一片模糊，接着将图层透明度降低到15%","b":false,"xe":"The image goes fully blurry; then drop the layer opacity to 15%."},{"t":"img","f":"img-28","w":720,"h":442},{"t":"p","x":"接着在该图层上应用图像—调整—色阶，通过对滑块的调整弥补高斯模糊后丧失的对比度。最后在该图层后加上一块蒙版，擦除不需要柔化的区域。这张照片只需要对远景的高光处柔化，所以用黑色画笔屏蔽掉其它区域。","b":false,"xe":"Then apply Image → Adjustments → Levels on that layer, moving the sliders to restore contrast lost to the blur. Finally add a mask and paint out areas that shouldn't be softened. This photo only needs softening in the distant highlights, so I masked out everything else with a black brush."},{"t":"img","f":"img-29","w":720,"h":489},{"t":"h","x":"总结：这个方法放在第一个来讲是因为这是我最常用的柔化技巧，方便而且可控。","xe":"Summary: I list this first because it's my most-used softening trick — convenient and controllable."},{"t":"h","x":"（二）高反差柔化法","xe":"2. High Pass Softening"},{"t":"p","x":"首先复制图层，滤镜—其它—高反差保留，设置半径为60","b":false,"xe":"First duplicate the layer, then Filter → Other → High Pass with a radius of 60."},{"t":"img","f":"img-30","w":720,"h":585},{"t":"p","x":"接着修改图层混合模式为柔光，然后command+i反向。这时图像呈现出了柔光效果","b":false,"xe":"Then set the blend mode to Soft Light and press Command+I to invert. The image now shows a soft glow."},{"t":"img","f":"img-31","w":720,"h":489},{"t":"p","x":"最后添加蒙版刷出想要的区域","b":false,"xe":"Finally, add a mask and brush in the areas you want."},{"t":"h","x":"（三）NIk柔焦法","xe":"3. Nik Soft Focus Method"},{"t":"p","x":"选用nik的color efex pro 4滤镜中的古典柔焦效果","b":false,"xe":"Choose the Classical Soft Focus effect in Nik's Color Efex Pro 4."},{"t":"img","f":"img-32","w":720,"h":387},{"t":"p","x":"通过对右侧面板的参数调节控制柔化效果的强弱","b":false,"xe":"Control the softening strength via the parameters in the right panel."},{"t":"h","x":"（四）exposure5柔化法","xe":"4. Exposure 5 Softening Method"},{"t":"p","x":"首先复制图层，然后选用exposure5中的魅力镜头效果，通过调节图层透明度来控制效果强弱","b":false,"xe":"Duplicate the layer, apply Exposure 5's Glamour Lens effect, and control the strength with layer opacity."},{"t":"img","f":"img-33","w":720,"h":478},{"t":"h","x":"（五）camera raw柔化法","xe":"5. Camera Raw Softening Method"},{"t":"p","x":"复制图层，在滤镜处找到camera raw滤镜","b":false,"xe":"Duplicate the layer and find the Camera Raw filter under Filter."},{"t":"img","f":"img-34","w":720,"h":611},{"t":"p","x":"在面板的清晰度一栏，降低图像的清晰度直到一个合适的程度。点击确认后添加蒙版刷取想要作用的区域","b":false,"xe":"In the panel, lower Clarity to a suitable level. Confirm, then add a mask and brush in the target areas."},{"t":"h","x":"（六）动作插件柔化法","xe":"6. Action Plugin Softening Method"},{"t":"p","x":"Tk action中的orton lights效果","b":false,"xe":"The Orton Lights effect in TKaction,"},{"t":"img","f":"img-35","w":363,"h":210},{"t":"p","x":"以及国产的雪人插件starstail中的全局柔化效果","b":false,"xe":"and the Global Soften effect in the domestic StarsTail (Snowman) plugin."},{"t":"img","f":"img-36","w":699,"h":375},{"t":"p","x":"这些外挂插件都能很方便的制造出柔化梦幻的效果。","b":false,"xe":"These plugins conveniently create soft, dreamy effects."},{"t":"p","x":"对于所有的柔化效果，还是一样，只能配合蒙版使用，不能全局性的应用。而且，通常柔化效果作用于高光处用来制造光线的神秘，梦幻感。几乎不会作用于暗部和中间调。那些瞎jb乱用柔化效果还出教程坑人的心里真的一点数都没有啊","b":true,"xe":"Same rule for all softening: only with a mask, never globally. Softening usually goes on the highlights to create a mysterious, dreamy glow — almost never on shadows or midtones. People who slather softening everywhere and then write tutorials about it really have no clue what they're doing."},{"t":"h","x":"我是极影AdventureX摄影师—Miller姚明来","xe":"I'm AdventureX photographer Miller姚明来"},{"t":"h","x":"极影AdventureX","xe":"AdventureX"},{"t":"h","x":"极限挑战","xe":"Push the Limits"},{"t":"h","x":"极致影像","xe":"Ultimate Imagery"},{"t":"h","x":"极客分享","xe":"Geek Sharing"}],"titleEn":"All Sharpening and Softening Techniques, Summarized"}