{"slug":"sunburst-star-effect","title":"星芒原来这么拍！星芒拍摄与后期秘籍","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2020-06-07","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247490673&idx=2&sn=049d39d248ffe50dec51919ebbb21000&chksm=eb81e215dcf66b0379deba2336aca3a3e98997240fd20eaa7957da04233bbd5293508e152a3e&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"本文作者：Miller姚明来","b":false,"xe":"Author: Miller (Yao Minglai)"},{"t":"h","x":"这篇文章分为前期和后期两大内容：","xe":"This article has two parts — shooting and post-processing:"},{"t":"h","x":"（一）星芒拍摄窍门","xe":"(1) Tricks for Capturing Sunstars"},{"t":"h","x":"（二）3分钟后期创造星芒","xe":"(2) Creating a Sunstar in 3 Minutes of Post"},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":1080,"h":780},{"t":"p","x":"星芒是光线衍射形成的，当我们的镜头对准太阳，就有可能拍摄到这种极具张力的光线。它能为图片增加一个视觉中心，同时丰富画面。","b":true,"xe":"Sunstars are formed by light diffraction: aim your lens at the sun and you may capture this dramatic burst of light. It adds a visual anchor to an image and enriches the frame."},{"t":"h","x":"以下4点，是拍摄星芒的诀窍：","xe":"Here are the four keys to shooting sunstars:"},{"t":"h","x":"1．手遮法消除光斑","xe":"1. The Hand-Block Trick to Remove Flare"},{"t":"p","x":"当光线直冲镜头，无论有没有遮光罩，光斑都是不可避免的。","b":false,"xe":"When light rushes straight into the lens, flare is unavoidable — hood or no hood."},{"t":"img","f":"img-03","w":1080,"h":720},{"t":"p","x":"光斑处色相和锐度跟周围区域都有很大差异，极难后期去除。所以，通常在拍完冲光的图片后，机位不变，我会用手遮挡住太阳，拍一张光线没有冲进镜头的图片。","b":false,"xe":"Flare areas differ hugely in hue and sharpness from their surroundings, making them extremely hard to remove in post. So after capturing the into-the-sun frame, I keep the camera in place and shoot one more frame with my hand blocking the sun, so no light rushes into the lens."},{"t":"img","f":"img-04","w":1080,"h":720},{"t":"h","x":"这里要注意两点：","xe":"Two things to note:"},{"t":"p","x":"第一：用手遮挡时不要遮住第一张图中有光斑的区域。因为我们正是需要这些区域的像素去替换原图的光斑区域。","b":false,"xe":"First: when blocking, don't cover the areas that contain flare in the first image — we need those clean pixels to replace the flared areas."},{"t":"p","x":"第二：太阳被遮导致画面光线骤降，虽然用的是光圈优先拍摄，单反会重新计算出一个合适的曝光量。但是根据我的经验，拍摄出来的图会明显偏暗，所以拍摄前需要调节曝光补偿，让两张图的曝光趋于一致。","b":false,"xe":"Second: blocking the sun causes a sudden light drop. Even in aperture-priority mode, where the camera recalculates exposure, my experience is the second frame comes out noticeably darker — so dial in exposure compensation beforehand to match the two frames."},{"t":"p","x":"后期时将这两张图导入到ps中，拖入同一图层面板。","b":false,"xe":"In post, import both images into Photoshop and drag them into the same Layers panel."},{"t":"img","f":"img-05","w":1080,"h":513},{"t":"p","x":"接着用蒙板将图一的光斑擦去。（如果两图的明暗白平衡有些许差别，可以加载调整图层调整到一致）","b":false,"xe":"Then use a mask to paint away the flare in the first image. (If brightness or white balance differs slightly, add adjustment layers to match them.)"},{"t":"p","x":"简单的操作就能轻易去除讨厌的光斑了，下图就是最终的成片:","b":false,"xe":"A simple operation removes the annoying flare. Here's the final image:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-06","w":1080,"h":779},{"t":"p","x":"这又是另一个案例，来自桂林的日落","b":false,"xe":"Another case — a sunset in Guilin."},{"t":"img","f":"img-07","w":1080,"h":720},{"t":"img","f":"img-08","w":1080,"h":720},{"t":"p","x":"同样的手遮法后期去除了光斑，下图就是最后的成片。","b":false,"xe":"The same hand-block trick removed the flare in post. Here's the final result."},{"t":"img","f":"img-09","w":1080,"h":647},{"t":"h","x":"2．太阳光裸射","xe":"2. The Sun Must Shine Bare"},{"t":"p","x":"很多同学说，我也对着太阳拍了，但是为什么拍不出星芒，或者星芒很弱，可能的一个原因就是太阳前有遮挡。要想拍出通透锐利漂亮星芒的一个必须条件就是太阳前不能有任何遮挡，光线要做到“裸射”，哪怕是一点点薄云都会大大影响效果。","b":false,"xe":"Many students say: I shot toward the sun too, so why no sunstar — or only a weak one? One likely reason is obstruction in front of the sun. A hard requirement for a clean, crisp, beautiful sunstar is that NOTHING blocks the sun — the light must shine 'bare'. Even a thin veil of cloud greatly weakens the effect."},{"t":"img","f":"img-10","w":1000,"h":589},{"t":"img","f":"img-11","w":1000,"h":681},{"t":"img","f":"img-12","w":1080,"h":715},{"t":"img","f":"img-13","w":1080,"h":1315},{"t":"p","x":"上面四张，也都对着太阳拍了，我们看到太阳光也确实都透了出来照射到了景物，但是就是拍不出星芒。因为太阳光前不是挡了层薄云（图1-3），就是挡了树叶（图4）","b":false,"xe":"All four photos above were shot toward the sun, and sunlight did pour through onto the scenery — yet no sunstar. Because the sun was behind thin cloud (images 1-3) or leaves (image 4)."},{"t":"p","x":"所以，在一个云量稀疏的旷野拍摄，最容易获得星芒。","b":false,"xe":"So an open field with sparse cloud cover is the easiest place to get sunstars."},{"t":"h","x":"3.广角镜头小光圈","xe":"3. Wide-Angle Lens, Small Aperture"},{"t":"p","x":"广角镜头相较于中长焦更容易获得漂亮的太阳星芒，通常拍摄时光圈越小星芒就越漂亮，越锐利。我们拍摄风光时经常使用的f8光圈也能够出星芒，但是出来的效果不是最佳，","b":false,"xe":"Wide-angle lenses produce nicer sunstars than mid-to-long telephotos, and generally the smaller the aperture, the prettier and crisper the star. The f/8 we often use for landscapes does produce stars, but not the best results —"},{"t":"p","x":"所以建议在拍摄时将光圈缩小到f11或者更小。","b":false,"xe":"so I recommend stopping down to f/11 or smaller when shooting."},{"t":"img","f":"img-14","w":783,"h":1200},{"t":"p","x":"16-35广角镜头，f13小光圈拍摄于多洛米蒂","b":false,"xe":"16-35mm wide-angle at f/13, shot in the Dolomites"},{"t":"h","x":"4.边缘遮挡","xe":"4. Edge Occlusion"},{"t":"p","x":"当太阳的边缘被周边的景物些许的遮挡，而大部分的光线穿透而出，这时候更容易拍摄得到星芒。我们可以调整构图，等待时机，在太阳穿透遮挡物的瞬间以及在遮挡物的边缘时迅速按下快门。","b":false,"xe":"When the sun's edge is slightly covered by surrounding scenery while most of its light bursts through, sunstars come more easily. Adjust your composition, wait for the moment, and press the shutter as the sun pierces past the occluder or sits right at its edge."},{"t":"img","f":"img-15","w":1080,"h":599},{"t":"p","x":"太阳边缘被云层遮挡","b":false,"xe":"The sun's edge covered by cloud"},{"t":"p","x":"太阳边缘被石壁遮挡","b":false,"xe":"The sun's edge covered by a rock wall"},{"t":"img","f":"img-16","w":1080,"h":982},{"t":"p","x":"太阳边缘被礁石遮挡","b":false,"xe":"The sun's edge covered by a reef"},{"t":"img","f":"img-17","w":1080,"h":720},{"t":"p","x":"太阳边缘被树林遮挡","b":false,"xe":"The sun's edge covered by trees"},{"t":"p","x":"当太阳边缘被遮挡时，能够大大强化星芒的效果。实测即使在太阳前有薄云的遮挡，我们拍不出星芒的情况下，这时如果周边地貌条件允许，只要等待时机，等太阳边缘被景物遮挡时，还是能够拍出比较弱的星芒效果.","b":false,"xe":"Edge occlusion greatly strengthens the star effect. In my tests, even when thin cloud in front of the sun prevents a star, if the surrounding terrain allows, waiting for the sun's edge to touch a landscape feature can still produce a decent weak star."},{"t":"h","x":"现实情况下，由于气象条件或者种种原因，我们可能拍摄不到星芒，那该怎么办呢？","xe":"In reality, weather or other factors may deny you a sunstar. What then?"},{"t":"p","x":"重点来了，下半部分我将教大家如何3分钟快速后期去创造出逼真的星芒效果，给图片锦上添花。","b":true,"xe":"Here's the key: in the second half I'll teach you how to create a realistic sunstar in 3 minutes of post — the icing on the cake."},{"t":"img","f":"img-18","w":640,"h":12},{"t":"p","x":"首先要声明的一点是：我目前所有作品中的星芒都是真实拍摄的，下面这个后期技巧建议大家酌情使用。","b":true,"xe":"One declaration first: all sunstars in my current portfolio are genuinely captured in-camera. Use the following post technique at your own discretion."},{"t":"h","x":"我们这里要用到一款ps星芒滤镜","xe":"We'll use a Photoshop sunstar filter."},{"t":"p","x":"这款滤镜能自动识别图片中的高光区域生成星芒，但是无法很好的控制效果，我研究了一个更可控的新方法结合这个滤镜去生成更逼真的星芒。","b":true,"xe":"This filter auto-detects highlight areas and generates a star, but offers poor control. I developed a more controllable method combined with this filter for more realistic results."},{"t":"p","x":"首先，选用画笔工具，按住alt键吸取高光区域的色彩","b":false,"xe":"First, take the Brush tool, hold Alt and sample the color of the highlight area."},{"t":"img","f":"img-19","w":1080,"h":821},{"t":"p","x":"注意：如果高光区域如上图完全过曝成白色，在日出日落时建议选取周边带有暖黄色温的区域采样","b":false,"xe":"Note: if the highlight is fully blown to white as above, at sunrise or sunset sample a nearby area with warm yellow tones instead."},{"t":"p","x":"接着，点击新建空白图层.","b":false,"xe":"Next, create a new blank layer."},{"t":"img","f":"img-20","w":659,"h":1268},{"t":"p","x":"编辑—填充","b":false,"xe":"Edit → Fill"},{"t":"img","f":"img-21","w":1080,"h":1219},{"t":"p","x":"填充内容选择“黑色”，点击确定。","b":false,"xe":"Choose 'Black' as the fill content and click OK."},{"t":"img","f":"img-22","w":1080,"h":759},{"t":"p","x":"调整画笔大小到一个比较小的尺寸（我这里选择40），硬度为0，100%不透明度。在填充完黑色的空白图层上，用画笔在中心区域点击一下。","b":false,"xe":"Set the brush fairly small (I use 40), hardness 0, opacity 100%. On the black-filled layer, click once in the center area."},{"t":"img","f":"img-23","w":557,"h":827},{"t":"p","x":"这样，就制造出了一个高光点。接着我们在ps的滤镜栏中启动星芒滤镜。","b":false,"xe":"That creates a highlight point. Now launch the sunstar filter from Photoshop's filter menu."},{"t":"img","f":"img-24","w":892,"h":903},{"t":"p","x":"滤镜会自动根据我们画出来的高光点创造出星芒。我们需要对右边的各项参数进行调整让星芒更逼真。","b":false,"xe":"The filter automatically generates a star from the highlight point we painted. We need to tune the parameters on the right to make it realistic."},{"t":"h","x":"下面就是一份我总结的星芒滤镜各项参数的使用指南：","xe":"Below is my usage guide for each parameter of the sunstar filter:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-25","w":1022,"h":1472},{"t":"img","f":"img-26","w":1036,"h":1196},{"t":"p","x":"当调整完后，我们点击右上角的“应用”，将星芒效果输出进ps界面。","b":false,"xe":"When done adjusting, click 'Apply' at top right to output the effect into Photoshop."},{"t":"img","f":"img-27","w":1080,"h":687},{"t":"p","x":"然后，修改图层混合模式为“滤色”，这时星芒就被显现到了图片中。","b":false,"xe":"Then change the layer blend mode to 'Screen' — the star now appears in the image."},{"t":"img","f":"img-28","w":667,"h":1035},{"t":"p","x":"接着用拖动工具拖动星芒到高光的位置。通常星芒会有点太大。然后按动ctrl+t快捷键调出自由变换工具，拖动边角，缩小星芒到合适的大小。","b":false,"xe":"Drag the star into position over the highlight. It's usually a bit too large, so press Ctrl+T for Free Transform and drag the corners to shrink it to a suitable size."},{"t":"img","f":"img-29","w":520,"h":795},{"t":"p","x":"此时已初见雏形，但是星芒强度偏弱，接下去要加强效果。","b":false,"xe":"It's taking shape, but the star looks weak — let's strengthen it."},{"t":"p","x":"新建色阶调整图层，然后按住alt键不要松开，将鼠标移动到色阶图层和星芒图层之间点击一下。此时色阶调整图层（出现向下的箭头）仅作用于星芒图层，而不会影响背景图层。","b":false,"xe":"Create a new Levels adjustment layer, hold Alt, and click between the Levels layer and the star layer. The Levels layer (now showing a downward arrow) then affects only the star layer, not the background."},{"t":"img","f":"img-30","w":617,"h":1253},{"t":"p","x":"在色阶调整图层中将高光滑块向左大幅度移动，可以允许过曝很多，因为星芒本就是过曝的。","b":false,"xe":"In Levels, drag the highlight slider left by a large amount — heavy overexposure is fine, since a sunstar is inherently blown out."},{"t":"img","f":"img-31","w":1080,"h":971},{"t":"p","x":"下图是色阶调整完以后的效果，星芒明显强化了很多！","b":false,"xe":"Here's the result after Levels — the star is much stronger!"},{"t":"img","f":"img-32","w":785,"h":1200},{"t":"p","x":"放大看，如果在星芒内部出现纹理之类的不自然痕迹。","b":false,"xe":"Zoom in: if unnatural textures appear inside the star,"},{"t":"img","f":"img-33","w":1080,"h":910},{"t":"p","x":"我们在拼合图层后，可以用不透明度为30%的画笔，吸取星芒核心处的色彩在纹理处进行涂抹覆盖，就很容易将它消除了。","b":false,"xe":"after flattening the layers, use a 30%-opacity brush, sample the star core's color, and paint over the textured spots — they disappear easily."},{"t":"img","f":"img-34","w":1060,"h":885},{"t":"p","x":"这是修饰完以后的星芒细节，非常自然","b":false,"xe":"Here's the refined star detail — very natural."},{"t":"p","x":"全程只需3分钟，快速打造吸睛的星芒特效，下图是最后的成片：","b":false,"xe":"Three minutes total for an eye-catching sunstar. Here's the final image:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-35","w":785,"h":1200},{"t":"p","x":"其实当时拍摄时太阳被山峰和云层遮挡了，原片前景只有微弱的光感。下图是景深合成后的原片：","b":false,"xe":"Actually, during the shoot the sun was blocked by the peak and clouds — the original frame had only a faint glow in the foreground. Below is the focus-stacked original:"},{"t":"img","f":"img-36","w":1080,"h":1651},{"t":"p","x":"我通过一系列后期的光影塑造，将明暗层次都做了出来（下图）","b":false,"xe":"Through a series of light-and-shadow sculpting steps, I built out the tonal layers (below)."},{"t":"img","f":"img-37","w":785,"h":1200},{"t":"p","x":"这一次，添上了星芒，算是完成了最终的创作：","b":false,"xe":"This time, adding the sunstar completes the final creation:"},{"t":"p","x":"注意：添加星芒的后期方法不适合顺光的图片，看起来会很假。那些太阳被云雾，山体遮挡，但仍有光线透出来的逆光图是最适合的。当然，如果你拍摄的星芒不好看，也可用仿制图章把原本的星芒去掉，再后期替换上漂亮的星芒。如何发挥，任你想像。","b":true,"xe":"Note: the added-star method doesn't suit front-lit images — it looks fake. Backlit images where the sun is veiled by cloud, mist or mountains but light still leaks through are ideal. And if your captured star looks poor, you can clone-stamp it out and replace it with a nicer one in post. How far to take it is up to your imagination."},{"t":"p","x":"星芒，能够给图片带来独特的生命力。怎么拍摄跟你们说了，如何作弊合成也跟你们说了。这篇文章，是星芒摄影的全攻略！","b":true,"xe":"A sunstar brings unique vitality to an image. I've told you how to shoot it, and how to 'cheat' it in post. This article is the complete guide to sunstar photography!"},{"t":"h","x":"欢迎关注@Thomas看看世界","xe":"Follow @Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"h","x":"每周学会一个摄影技能","xe":"Learn one photography skill every week"}],"titleEn":"Starbursts Made Easy: Shooting & Post-Processing Secrets"}