{"slug":"tianyan-night-planning","title":"天眼星空照片是如何策划和拍摄的？如何通过后期日转夜完成前期无法实现的效果！","author":"Thomas看看世界","date":"2020-09-06","wechat":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4NDA5MzE5NQ==&mid=2247491351&idx=1&sn=d9fd70ecc2d92cb4544c0d38dbc8f2c0&chksm=eb81e173dcf668652ebc977224c3ba8406c6c1328d6a144c1c728046c128253b642cbbf842ca&scene=21#wechat_redirect","blocks":[{"t":"h","x":"Thomas看看世界","xe":"Thomas Chu Photo"},{"t":"p","x":"最近Thomas拍摄制作的这张中国天眼星空照片在网上非常流行，很多朋友都好奇我是如何策划、拍摄和后期制作这张照片的？","b":false,"xe":"This starry-sky photo of China's FAST telescope (Tianyan), shot and produced by Thomas, recently went viral online. Many friends are curious how I planned, photographed and post-processed it."},{"t":"p","x":"我是如何通过胶片与数码相结合、后期日转夜等技术，在遵守射电望远镜无线电保护法规的同时，实现最终完美的天眼星空效果的？","b":false,"xe":"How did I combine film and digital capture and use day-to-night post techniques to achieve the final perfect Tianyan starry-sky effect — all while complying with the radio telescope's radio-quiet regulations?"},{"t":"img","f":"img-02","w":1080,"h":720},{"t":"p","x":"今天的视频教程，Thomas就会和大家完整的分析这张FAST天眼星空的策划、拍摄和后期过程。","b":false,"xe":"In today's video tutorial, Thomas fully breaks down the planning, shooting and post-processing of this FAST Tianyan starry-sky image."},{"t":"h","x":"视频教程","xe":"Video Tutorial"},{"t":"bili","bv":"BV1jD4y1o7sp","bpic":"bili-1","bt":"天眼星空照片是如何策划和拍摄的？如何通过后期日转夜完成前期无法实现的效果！"},{"t":"p","x":"这一篇是上面视频的图文整理。Thomas 把这张中国天眼星空照片从策划、踩点、前期拍摄到后期日转夜的完整过程拆成了四步，并配上了视频关键帧截图——包括几乎搜不到的天眼星空资料、胶片相机拍下的地景、正午接片的光线选择，以及 PS 里一步步合成夜景的操作画面。","xe":"This is the fully illustrated companion to the video above: Thomas breaks the making of his Chinese Sky Eye (FAST) starry-sky photo into four stages — planning, scouting, shooting, and day-to-night post-processing — paired with keyframe screenshots: the near-empty search results for FAST night photos, the film-shot foreground, the noon light choices for the panorama, and the step-by-step compositing in Photoshop.","b":false},{"t":"p","x":"先看前后对比。下面这张是白天用胶片相机拍下的天眼地景原片（视频 1:20 处）；而这张则是最终完成的目标效果——夜幕下的天眼与银河同框，五座铁塔亮起灯光（视频 1:34 处）。整个教程讲的，就是从前者如何抵达后者。","xe":"Start with the before and after: the first image is the original film-shot foreground of the dish in daylight (at 1:20 in the video), and the second is the finished goal — the dish under a starry night sky with the Milky Way overhead and lights glowing on five towers (at 1:34 in the video). This tutorial is about the journey from the former to the latter.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v04","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"前期无法实现的场景，靠策划与后期完成——这正是这期视频最核心的看点。","xe":"A scene impossible to capture in one take, delivered through planning and post-processing — that is the core of this episode.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v05","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"h","x":"01 难题：无线电宁静区与数码禁令","xe":"01 The Challenge: the Radio-Quiet Zone and the Digital Ban"},{"t":"p","x":"FAST 天眼是一台 500 米口径的射电天文望远镜（视频 0:15 处）。知道它的时候 Thomas 就意识到，如果能在那里拍一张星空照片，一定非常符合望远镜自带的科幻氛围。但网上搜「天眼星空」或「FAST 星空」，照片少得可怜——仅有的几张，基本都是新华社记者在天眼施工期间拍下的（视频 0:32 处）。","xe":"FAST, the Chinese Sky Eye, is a 500-meter-aperture radio telescope (at 0:15 in the video). The moment Thomas learned of it, he sensed a starry-sky photo there would perfectly match the telescope's sci-fi aura. But search \"天眼星空\" or \"FAST 星空\" online and the photos are vanishingly rare — the few that exist were taken by Xinhua reporters during construction (at 0:32 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v02","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"原因在于射电望远镜需要绝对的无线电静默：带进去的手机、无人机甚至数码相机，都可能干扰天文观测。贵州省为此专门立法划定电磁波宁静区（视频 0:52 处）——别说拍星空，数码相机根本带不进去。","xe":"The reason: a radio telescope demands absolute radio silence — any phone, drone or even digital camera brought in could interfere with observations. Guizhou Province has even passed legislation designating a radio-quiet zone (at 0:52 in the video). Forget shooting stars — you cannot bring a digital camera in at all.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v03","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"h","x":"02 解题思路：胶片地景加数码星空","xe":"02 The Solution: Film Foreground Plus Digital Sky"},{"t":"p","x":"Thomas 的方案是化整为零（视频 1:19 处）：白天用胶片相机在观景台拍摄地景，晚上再到保护区之外找一个点，用数码相机拍摄星空，最后把两张素材合并，模拟出天眼在星空下的样子。前期的限制挡住了「一张成片」，却挡不住「分头拍摄」。","xe":"Thomas's workaround was to split the shot (at 1:19 in the video): shoot the foreground with a film camera at the viewing platform in daylight, then at night shoot the sky with a digital camera from a spot outside the quiet zone, and merge the two in post to simulate the dish under the stars. The rules block \"one frame\" — they cannot block \"two frames\".","b":false},{"t":"p","x":"景区流程也值得记录：开车先到天文小镇，那里有博物馆、酒店和游客中心；从这里买票、过严格安检，所有随身电子设备、背包、手机和数码相机都要寄存；再坐景区大巴到天眼脚下（视频 1:46-2:34 处）。入口旁就有租胶片相机的地方，Thomas 租了一台胶片机和一卷 25 张的胶卷，爬 10 分钟山就到了观景台。","xe":"The visitor flow is worth noting too: you drive first to the Astronomy Town with its museum, hotels and visitor center; buy tickets, pass strict security where all electronics, bags, phones and digital cameras are stored for you; then take the park bus to the base of the dish (at 1:46-2:34 in the video). Film cameras can be rented right by the entrance — Thomas rented one plus a 25-exposure roll, and a 10-minute climb brought him to the viewing platform.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v06","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"h","x":"03 前期拍摄：正午柔光与竖直接片","xe":"03 Shooting: Noon Soft Light and Vertical Panorama"},{"t":"p","x":"Thomas 是中午去的，当天多云——这样的光线恰恰最适合后期日转夜（视频 3:03 处）。云层一直在动，如果阳光正好照在天眼上，后期只能转成月光效果，或者用非常复杂的方法消除光影，都会很麻烦。","xe":"Thomas went at noon on a cloudy day — exactly the light that suits day-to-night conversion later (at 3:03 in the video). The clouds kept moving; had sunlight fallen directly on the dish, the conversion would have to fake moonlight or erase the shadows the hard way — both a headache.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v07","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"所以拍这组全景接片时，他一直等到云把太阳挡住、又接近正午的时刻——整张照片几乎看不到阴影，只有最左侧山峰还残留一点阳光高光，可以在后期消除（视频 3:36-4:04 处）。","xe":"So for the panorama he waited until the clouds blocked the sun close to noon — the frame ends up nearly shadow-free, with only the leftmost peaks keeping a trace of sunlit highlights that can be erased in post (at 3:36-4:04 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v08","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"胶片机是定焦头，所以采用竖拍接片：三张竖构图，接片边缘留出空白，给后期垂直校正留余量；而且水平位置多张接片，比广角镜头单张拍摄的变形小得多（视频 4:07-4:29 处）。视频 4:36 处还有他在观景台的留影。","xe":"The film camera had a prime lens, so he shot a vertical panorama: three upright frames with blank margins left around the stitch, leaving headroom for vertical corrections later; and stitching several frames at a level angle distorts far less than a single wide-angle shot (at 4:07-4:29 in the video). There is a portrait of him on the platform at 4:36.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v09","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"胶卷由景区提供冲扫服务，冲扫后的三张底片用 Camera Raw 接成一张完整的全景地景（视频 4:48-5:00 处），接下来就可以进入 PS 做日转夜了。","xe":"The park offers film developing and scanning; the three frames were stitched into one full panorama in Camera Raw (at 4:48-5:00 in the video), ready for the day-to-night conversion in Photoshop.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v10","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"h","x":"04 后期日转夜：换天空与创意点睛","xe":"04 Day-to-Night: Sky Swap and Creative Touches"},{"t":"p","x":"转换夜景的第一步，是把白天的天空完全去除，覆盖上银河夜景素材（视频 5:10 处）。原计划当晚就在天眼小镇附近实拍星空素材，但 4 月的贵州天天下雨，整趟行程都没见到星空——于是用了一张以前在北半球巴基斯坦拍摄的银河照片，并参考新华社记者在天眼施工工地拍的星轨照片校验方位：银河确实会出现在这个方向，科学性基本有保证（视频 5:18-6:02 处）。","xe":"Step one of the conversion: remove the daytime sky entirely and cover it with a Milky Way night layer (at 5:10 in the video). The original plan was to shoot the sky material near the town that same night, but April rains in Guizhou meant not a single star all trip — so he used an old Milky Way frame shot in Pakistan, in the northern hemisphere, and cross-checked the orientation against star-trail photos Xinhua reporters took at the construction site: the Milky Way does indeed rise in that direction, keeping the science roughly honest (at 5:18-6:02 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v11","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"接下来是氛围处理：把星空靠近地景的地方渲染出一层绿色的大气辉光，让画面更梦幻（视频 6:02-6:18 处）——这也是 Thomas 星空教程里的常用手法。","xe":"Next comes atmosphere: a layer of green airglow rendered where the night sky meets the landscape, making the scene dreamier (at 6:02-6:18 in the video) — a signature move from Thomas's star-shooting tutorials.","b":false},{"t":"p","x":"然后是创意点睛：天上满是繁星，那是星空向人类发射的「信号」，而地上一口大锅正在接收信号——那我们能不能也反射回一些？于是他在五座铁塔顶上 P 出五盏灯（视频 6:45-6:57 处），寓意人类也向星空发出灯光，像是在回应可能来自外星人的信号，让照片更浪漫。","xe":"Then the creative flourish: the sky brims with stars — \"signals\" sent toward humanity — while the giant dish below receives them. Could we send some back? So he added five lights on top of five towers in post (at 6:45-6:57 in the video), as if humanity were answering the stars, perhaps replying to a signal from aliens — a touch of romance.","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v12","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"为了增加故事性，他还在山体后面人工制作了一些光污染，暗示周边有人类活动——也许卡车经过，也许附近还住着人家（视频 7:13-7:30 处）；再对部分星星做柔焦处理，画面更柔和（视频 7:33 处）。","xe":"For storytelling he also painted faint light pollution behind the ridgeline, hinting at human activity nearby — a passing truck, perhaps, or a household up the hill (at 7:13-7:30 in the video); a soft-focus pass on some of the stars followed (at 7:33 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v13","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"p","x":"合并图层后，用 Camera Raw 滤镜以及 Nik Collection 滤镜进一步提升对比度与质感（视频 7:45 处）；再做轻微变形，把射电望远镜拉得更宽、校正畸变、让铁塔更竖直（视频 7:53-8:03 处）；最后去掉远处仍被阳光照亮的山峰瑕疵（视频 8:03-8:16 处）。","xe":"After merging, Camera Raw and Nik Collection filters push contrast and texture further (at 7:45 in the video); a slight transform widens the dish, corrects distortion and straightens the towers (at 7:53-8:03 in the video); and finally the sunlit peaks in the distance — the last flaws — are removed (at 8:03-8:16 in the video).","b":false},{"t":"img","f":"v14","w":768,"h":480},{"t":"quote","x":"1. 前期走不通时，用「胶片地景 + 数码星空」分头拍摄再合成，绕开无线电宁静区的设备禁令；2. 日转夜的地景要选多云正午拍摄，无阴影的光线后期才好处理；3. 定焦头竖拍三张接片，留白余量、变形更小；4. 换天空素材要校验银河方位保证科学性，再用灯光、光污染与气辉等创意元素给照片讲故事。","xe":"1. When shooting in one take is impossible, split the capture — film foreground plus digital sky — and blend; 2. Shoot day-to-night foregrounds around noon under clouds; shadow-free light is far easier to process; 3. Use a prime lens, shoot three vertical frames, leave stitching margins, and keep distortion low; 4. Verify the Milky Way's direction for scientific plausibility, then tell a story with creative touches — tower lights, light pollution, airglow."},{"t":"h","x":"欢迎关注托马斯的旅行与摄影攻略","xe":"Follow Thomas for more travel & photography tips"}],"titleEn":"How the Tianyan Starry Photo Was Planned and Shot: Day-to-Night in Post"}